Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities Research Articles

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Sedenter dengan Siklus Menstruasi Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran UHAMKA

High intensity physical activity affects Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) while low physical activity that leads to less body movement affects oxidative energy reserves. This study aims to determine the relationship between sedentary physical activity and the menstrual cycle of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA (UHAMKA). The research design was an observational analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The sample size was determined by the Slovin formula, which was 92 subjects. The results showed that most of the female students (95.65%) with sedentary physical activity, and female students with abnormal menstrual cycle disorders (polymenorrhea) were 31.52% oligomenorrhea 11.96%, hypomenorrhea 64.13%, while hypermenorrhea was only 3.27%. There is no significant relationship between the level of sedentary physical activity with menstrual cycle disorders.

Effect of Dietary Habits and Physical Activities on Abnormal Menstrual Cycle Pattern Amongst School-going Adolescent Girls Residing in the Foothills of the Himalayas: An Age-matched Case–Control Study

Abstract Background: The menstrual cycle pattern in women is related to high variability in cycle length of 21–35 days, flow lasts 4–7 days with an average loss of 15–80 ml of blood. The abnormal menstrual pattern is influenced by several factors, including dietary habits, physical exercises, family history of obesity and anthropometric parameters. Objectives: This research was carried out to establish numerous risk elements that depict abnormal menstrual cycle patterns amongst school-going adolescent girls in urban areas of Rishikesh, India. Methods: An age-matched case–control research was implemented in schools in the urban areas of Rishikesh between May and December 2019. A simple random sampling technique was carried out to choose urban wards and schools, and data were assembled in two steps. Adolescent girls (10–19 years) studying in the government and private schools (both Hindi and English medium) of urban Rishikesh areas were included and screened for abnormal menstrual patterns. Equal numbers of age-matched controls were also selected. Data were assembled using a self-scrutinised pre-designed pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, McNemar test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were applied for data analysis using the SPSS software version 23.0. Results: A total of 200 school-going adolescent girls (100 cases and 100 age-matched controls) were included in this study. The strength of getting symptoms of menstruation was high amongst cases, and it was found that adolescent girls with high menstrual symptoms had more chances of developing menstrual abnormalities (odds ratio = 6.6; confidence interval = 2.9–17.2). Menstrual abnormality was found significantly associated (P < 0.05) with reduced physical activity, unhealthy dietary patterns and family history of obesity amongst school-going adolescent girls. Conclusions: Unhealthy lifestyles, improper diet, reduced physical activity and family history of obesity were strongly associated with the abnormal menstrual cycle pattern.

Comparative Analysis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a condition in which the ovaries manufacture androgen, seen in small traces, resulting in the production of cysts. Menstrual cycle abnormalities, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound should all be used to diagnose PCOS. PCOS appears to be a multifaceted illness influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and the symptoms include excessive hair on the face and body, weight gain, voice changes, skin type changes, and irregular periods.
 OBJECTIVES: This is the objective of this paper is to identify PCOS in its initial stage.
 METHODS: To address this issue the study proposes a comparison of various machine learning algorithms and optimization techniques Among which GSCV gave the best result of 94% accuracy, followed by TPOT with 91% accuracy. Additionally, we also applied Feature selection methods to eliminate zero-importance features to increase the accuracy of algorithms.
 RESULTS: The main results obtained in this paper This study explored various Feature selection techniques, ML and DL models. It is shown that Grid Search CV and TPOT classifier were best classifiers with 94% and 91% respectively.
 CONCLUSION: These are the conclusions of this paper and this study will explore various DL methodologies and try to find out best optimal results for the PCOS Detection. And also, to develop an PCOS detection application to keep track of menstrual cycles and track activities and symptoms for PCOS.

Associations between hypertension with reproductive and menopausal factors: An integrated women's health programme (IWHP) study.

Women are less likely to have classic cardiovascular risk factors than men, and events during their reproductive and menopausal years may increase hypertension risk. The aim of this study is to examine woman-specific factors, including menstrual, reproductive and pregnancy complications, in relation to the prevalence of hypertension in mid-life Asian women. This is a cross-sectional study of 1146 healthy women aged 45-69 years, from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. The women completed an extensive questionnaire that included their sociodemographic details, medical history, lifestyle and physical activity, and reproductive and menopausal history. They also underwent objectively measured physical performance tests and a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90mm Hg, past diagnosis by a physician, or use of antihypertensive medications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent risk factors for hypertension. The average age of the 1146 women analysed was 56.3 (SD 6.2) years, and 55.2 percent of them were hypertensive. The prevalence of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension was 12.6% and 9.4%, respectively. Besides age, abnormal menstrual cycle length at 25 years of age (OR:2.35, CI:1.34-4.13), preeclampsia (OR:2.46, CI:1.06-5.74), increased visceral adiposity (OR:4.21, CI:2.28-7.79) and reduced physical performance (OR:2.83, CI:1.46-5.47) were independently associated with hypertension in Asian women. Our findings highlight the necessity of including features of menstrual and reproductive history as possible indicators of hypertension risk in cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention among Asian women. Reducing visceral adiposity and exercise to improve physical performance may help women avoid developing hypertension.

Status Gizi, Tingkat Konsumsi Zat Gizi Besi (Fe) dan Siklus Menstruasi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Remaja Putri

Background: There are many factors that can cause anemia, including nutritional status, low consumption levels (fe) and abnormal menstrual cycles. Aims: To determine the relationship between nutritional status, levels of consumption of Fe iron nutrients and menstrual cycles with the incidence of anemia in female adolescents at SMPN 18, Merangin Regency. Methods : This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and data collection by means of interviews, checking Hb and distributing questionnaires. The number of samples is 48 teenagers. Data analysis in this study used Univariate and Bivariate analysis using the chi square test to determine the relationship between the dependent variable (Nutritional Status, Consumption Level of iron (fe) nutrients and Menstrual Cycle) with the dependent variable (The incidence of anemia in young women) Results: The results showed that the percentage of under/over nutritional status was 29 respondents (60.4%), the level of iron (fe) consumption was lacking by 35 respondents (72.9%), the menstrual cycle was abnormal by 30 (62.5%). %), the incidence of anemia was 43 (89.6%). There is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.041), there is a relationship between the consumption level of iron (fe) and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.006) and there is a relationship between the menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia (p = 0.022). Conclusion: In this study it can be concluded that the incidence of anemia is quite high in SMPN 18 Merangin District. It is recommended for adolescents to maintain their food intake, because it affects health.

Prevalence of Endocrinopathies in a Cohort of Patients with Rett Syndrome: A Two-Center Observational Study.

Systematic data on endocrinopathies in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients remain limited and inconclusive. The aim of this retrospective observational two-center study was to assess the prevalence of endocrinopathies in a pediatric population of RTT patients. A total of 51 Caucasian patients (47 girls, 4 boys) with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of RTT were enrolled (mean age 9.65 ± 5.9 years). The patients were referred from the Rett Center of two Italian Hospitals for endocrinological evaluation. All the study population underwent clinical and auxological assessments and hormonal workups. MeCP2 mutations were detected in 38 cases (74.5%), CDKL5 deletions in 11 (21.6%), and FOXG1 mutations in 2 (3.9%). Overall, 40 patients were treated with anti-seizure medications. The most frequent endocrinological finding was short stature (47%), followed by menstrual cycle abnormalities (46.2%), weight disorders (45.1%), low bone mineral density (19.6%), hyperprolactinemia (13.7%) and thyroid disorders (9.8%). In the entire study population, endocrinopathies were significantly more frequent in patients with MeCP2 mutations (p = 0.0005), and epilepsy was more frequent in CDKL5 deletions (p = 0.02). In conclusion, our data highlighted that endocrinopathies are not rare in RTT, especially in patients with MeCP2 deletions. Therefore, in the context of a multidisciplinary approach, endocrinological evaluation should be recommended for RTT patients.

Pituitary Adenoma Prevalence and Characteristics of Omani Patients: A Single Center Experience.

To estimate the incidence of pituitary adenomas (PA) in adult Omani patients and describe its epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics. In this longitudinal, descriptive study, we reviewed the records of all PA patients from January 2015 to January 2020 who presented at the endocrinology facilities at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat. The participants comprised of 112 Omani patients with PA. The incidence of PA among all adult patients at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (inpatient and outpatient) over five years (2015-2020) was 0.23%. The cohort had a mean age of 41.0±15.0 years. Of the 112 patients included in this study, 79 (70.5%) were women. Nearly half (51; 45.5%) of adenomas were prolactinomas while 46 (41.1%) were non-functioning adenomas, and seven (6.3%) were growth hormone-secreting adenomas while six (5.4%) were adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting adenomas. Headache was present in 67 (59.8%) patients, followed by visual field defects (40; 35.7%), galactorrhea (26; 23.2%), and fatigue (19; 17.0%). The majority of women (45/79; 57.0%) presented with menstrual cycle abnormalities. Radiological appearances were nearly equally distributed between micro- and macroadenomas. Most cases (58/112; 52.0%) of PA were treated medically by cabergoline, octreotide, and replacement therapies such as hydrocortisone and thyroxin, 38 (33.9%) were treated surgically (mainly by trans-sphenoidal pituitary resection), and the remaining 10 (8.9%) cases were subjected to radiotherapy. Medical treatment combined with surgery was employed for 15 (13.4%) patients. In our investigation, PA was primarily prevalent among Omani female patients, and the most common subtype of pituitary tumors was prolactinomas. The most common presentation symptom was headaches; most female patients had menstrual irregularities. Medical treatment was the primary approach for the applicable types of PAs, while surgery and radiotherapy were found to be secondary and tertiary treatment options, respectively.

Steroid metabolites producing adenoma: a case report

Hyperandrogenism is the most prevalent cause of menstrual cycle abnormalities and infertility in women. Here, we present a case of a 32-year-old woman with a 7-year history of menstrual irregularity and infertility. Laboratory test results revealed elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone 21-deoxycortisol. Abdominal computed tomography found a 3,9х2,9х2,6 cm left adrenal tumor. Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia was diagnosed initially, however, treatment with supraphysiological doses of dexamethasone proved ineffective and progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels remained high. Genetic testing revealed no 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed with subsequent pathological report being compatible with an adrenal cortical adenoma. 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone 21-deoxycortisol levels returned to the normal range postoperatively and the patient’s menstrual cycle normalized without additional medication. Steroid metabolites producing adenomas are also extremely rare with only a few cases found in patients without previous CAH diagnosis. When a patient with clinically and biochemically diagnosed NCCAH demonstrate no typical features and shows poor response to steroid therapy, the patient should receive multisteroid LC–MS/MS assay for glucocorticoids and androgens, adrenal and ovarian imaging and undergo CYP21A2 gene mutation analysis.

Porphyria in an Adolescent Girl: A Clinician’s Quagmire

Abstract Background: Porphyrias are a group of potentially life-threatening, metabolic disorders resulting from defective heme biosynthesis. They have a myriad of multisystem manifestations and pose a diagnostic and management challenge. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a severe and the most common form of porphyria. Awareness of this uncommon entity and a high index of suspicion are warranted for a successful outcome. Clinical Description: A 12-year-old girl was referred to us with a history of severe pain in the abdomen and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. She had episodic abdominal pain for the past 6 months associated with abnormal menstrual cycles. She had acutely raised blood pressure. She had urine was orange-pink in color, which led us to suspect a diagnosis of AIP. A urine examination confirmed the presence of porphobilinogen. On genetic testing, a pathogenic missense variation (c.518G>A) in exon 9 of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (+) gene, which is autosomal dominant, was detected, which confirmed the diagnosis. Management: Seizures were treated with lorazepam and levetiracetam. Hypertension was managed with labetalol infusion followed by amlodipine. Tramadol was given for severe pain abdomen. Persistent severe hyponatremia (serum sodium 104 mEq/L) was initially managed with normal saline 3% saline and later, with fluids restriction. Conclusion: The diagnosis of AIP should be suspected, especially in pubertal girls who present more than once with persistent symptoms of acute abdomen, vomiting, hypertension, or symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle.

CORRELATION OF ACADEMIC STRESS WITH OLIGOMENORRHEA IN FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Introduction: Oligomenorrhea is defined as an irregular menstrual cycle of more than 35 days or only experiencing 4 to 9 menstrual cycles in a year. According to research involving 12,964 women of childbearing age in China, it was found that 1,579 women (12.2%) experienced oligomenorrhea. Risk factors for oligomenorrhea are poor nutritional status, namely BMI < 18.5 or ≥ 25, excessive physical activity, high levels of stress (around 20%), and late age at menarche. Various studies have found a relationship between stress and abnormal menstrual cycles. Objective: To determine the relationship between academic stress and oligomenorrhea in female students at the Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Class of 2019. Method: Analytical observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population for this research is all 7th-semester female students at the Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, class of 2019, with a total sample of 32 female students taken using simple random sampling. The independent variable is academic stress while the dependent variable is oligomenorrhea. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test. Result: A total of 20 respondents (62.5%) experienced moderate levels of academic stress, 3 respondents (9.4%) experienced low levels of academic stress, and 9 respondents (28.1%) experienced high levels of academic stress. For the menstrual cycle from August to October 2022, 23 female students (71.9%) experienced normal menstrual cycles, and 9 female students (28.1%) experienced oligomenorrhea. The results of the Spearman Rank correlation test obtained a significance value of 0.023. Conclusion: There is a relationship between academic stress and oligomenorrhea in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Class of 2019.

Incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities and polycystic ovary syndrome in female Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The role of androgens

Incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities and polycystic ovary syndrome in female Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The role of androgens

Post-COVID-19 Menstrual Abnormalities among Medical Students at a Tertiary Care Medical College in Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The emergence of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caught the world by surprise, leading to a widespread global pandemic that has had profound and distressing effects on various levels. Its impact has been far-reaching, causing severe consequences that continue to unfold. COVID-19 is a multisystem inflammatory disease involving all organs, including the female reproductive system. Aim: To determine the prevalence of COVID-19 among students and compare post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities in the home and hospital groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities among medical students at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, in southern India from April to December 2022. A total of 600 medical students were approached, and 549 responded, among whom 258 students were reported as COVID-19 positive and 291 reported as COVID-19 negative. After excluding risk factors, 204 COVID-19 positive students were selected as the study population. Data were collected using a prevalidated questionnaire. The COVID-19 study population of 204 (100%) was further stratified into two groups based on the treatment taken at home 162 (79.4%) or in the hospital 42 (20.5%). Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact tests were used to compare post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities, including cycle length abnormalities, Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB), dysmenorrhoea, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), and hypomenorrhoea. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 in the study population was 204, accounting for 37.15% of the total population 204/549. Out of the 204 students, 162 (79.4%) received home treatment, and 42 (20.5%) received hospital treatment. PostCOVID-19 menstrual cycle abnormalities were more prevalent in the hospital group 26/42 (61.9%) than in the home treatment group 76/162 (46.9%). The most common abnormality in both groups was PMS, with a prevalence of 21 (50%) in the hospital group and 38 (23.4%) in the home group. In the home group, 37 (22.8%) experienced longer cycles, 33 (20.3%) had dysmenorrhoea, and 19 (11.7%) had shorter cycles. In the hospital group, 14 (33.3%) had longer cycles, 13 (30.9%) experienced dysmenorrhoea, and 9 (21.4%) had shorter cycles. HMB was reported by 6 (14.2%) in the hospital group and 13 (8%) in the home group, while hypomenorrhoea occurred in 11 (6.7%) in the home group and 5 (11.9%) in the hospital group. A significant association (p=0.001) was found between the COVID-19 treatment groups and PMS. However, for other post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities, such as cycle length, dysmenorrhoea, HMB, and hypomenorrhoea, there was no significant association between these abnormalities and COVID-19 treatment groups. Conclusion: Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities were more frequently observed in the hospital group compared to the home group. All post-COVID-19 menstrual irregularities resolved within six months, except for PMS.

Hubungan Tingkat Stres dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Siswi Putri Kelas 3 di SMA Pondok Karya Pembangunan Jakarta Islamic School Jakarta Timur Tahun 2022

Adolescence is one of the stages in human life which is often called puberty, namely the transition period from children to adulthood. Every young woman will experience physical and psychological changes, these changes include all of her developments that are experienced as preparation for entering adulthood. The occurrence of this big change is generally confusing for teenagers who experience it. Menstrual disorders are common and if not treated can affect the quality of life and daily activities. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress levels and the menstrual cycle in grade 3 female students at SMA Pondok Karya Pembangunan Jakarta Islamic School. Correlative Descriptive Research with a Cross Sectional Approach to Grade 3 female students at SMA Pondok Karya Pembangunan Jakarta Islamic School. The sampling technique was carried out by means of accidental sampling with a total of 77 respondents. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. The statistical test used is the Chi-Square test that this research can be trusted with an error rate of 0.05. The majority of respondents experienced severe stress levels of 59.7%, the majority of respondents had abnormal menstrual cycles of 53.2%, the majority of respondents experienced premenstrual syndrome of 92.2% of the total respondents. The results showed that there was a relationship between stress levels and the menstrual cycle with a p-value of 0.036. Most of the 3rd grade female students at SMA Pondok Karya Pembangunan Jakarta Islamic School experience severe stress with abnormal menstrual cycles. There is a relationship between stress levels and the menstrual cycle. For young women it is hoped that as much as possible to avoid stress so that the menstrual cycle is not disturbed while for health workers to increase the provision of information to young women related to reproductive health, especially about the menstrual cycle and the factors that influence it.

Ovarian dysfunction in adolescent girls with autoimmune rheumatic diseases

ObjectiveTo explore the different menstrual and pubertal abnormalities in adolescent females with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD).MethodsThe study included adolescent girls aged 13–18 years with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) classified according to their international classification criteria. Data were collected from our patients’ files and interpreted with respect to the demographic, clinical, disease assessment parameters, medications used, and the hormonal profile. The aspects of puberty and menstruation were assessed by a gynaecologist with ultrasound evaluation as well. The girls were classified according to their menstrual pattern into those with regular cycles versus abnormal ones. The subgroups were compared and significant variables entered into a logistic regression model to detect the independent predictors.ResultsTwenty-one girls with JSLE were included, besides 23 JIA and 8 JDM cases. Ten patients with JSLE (47.6%) had menstrual abnormalities, whereas only four JIA (17.4%) and 1 JDM girls had these alterations without significant difference between the three groups. The median of the SLICC/ACR damage index was statistically higher in JSLE with abnormal menstrual cycles, similarly were the cumulative steroid dose and puberty onset. No difference was observed between JIA or JDM subgroups concerning the disease parameters, hormonal profile, ultrasound assessment or the treatment lines. The most significant predictor for menstrual abnormalities in JSLE was the SLICC/ACR damage index.ConclusionMenstrual abnormalities is a common disturbance among adolescent girls with ARDs. The SLICC/ACR damage index is the main determinant for menstrual abnormalities rather than the cumulative steroid use or disease duration in JSLE.

Menstrual cycle abnormalities in women: characteristics, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviours

Objectives To evaluate menstruation characteristics, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviours in women. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study with 394 women between February 2021 and October 2021. According to the self-perception of women, menstruation characteristics were divided into two groups, including ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Assessment Form of the Menstrual Cycle Characteristics, and Health-Seeking Behaviour Scale. Results Among all women, 49.7% perceived their menstruation characteristics as ‘normal’, and 50.3% perceived them as ‘abnormal’. The menstruation characteristics negatively affected the daily life of 57.6% of women in the normal group and 68.7% of women in the abnormal group. Online health-seeking behaviour was the most common behaviour of seeking remedy; however, professional health-seeking behaviour was inadequate. Among women who perceived their menstruation characteristics as ‘normal’, excessive menstrual bleeding, extreme pain, and adverse effects on daily life increased health-seeking behaviour. Among women who perceived their menstruation characteristics as ‘abnormal’, irregular cycles, frequent bleeding, low levels of bleeding, the use of too many pads, extreme pain, and adverse effects on daily life increased health-seeking behaviour. Conclusion The participants in this study exhibited insufficient health-seeking behaviour for abnormal menstruation characteristics. Women should be directed by health professionals to reliable online sources to seek help, and they should be encouraged to display professional health-seeking behaviour.

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI

One phase of human development is adolescence. Adolescence is a period that occurs between childhood and adulthood, usually called puberty. This age group experiences menstrual disorders, one of which is an abnormal menstrual cycle. Nutritional status is one of the factors causing menstrual disorders. 2018 Riskesdas data shows that 25.7% of adolescents aged 13-15 years and 26.9% of adolescents aged 16-18 years have short and very short nutritional status. Apart from that, there are 8.7% of teenagers aged 13-15 years and 8.1% of teenagers aged 16-18 years who are thin and very thin. Meanwhile, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 16.0% in adolescents aged 13-15 years and 13.5% in adolescents aged 16-18 years. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between adolescent nutritional status and the menstrual cycle. The research method is analytical, with a cross-sectional research design. The population in this study were all 35 female students at SMA IT Cinta Illahi. The research results show a significant relationship between nutritional status and the menstrual cycle with the result being P value = 0.019 < α value = 0.05

Experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management and safe menstrual products in Pakistan.

The taboo of menstruation, lack of discussion on puberty, misinformation and poor awareness on menstrual hygiene management and limited access to safe menstrual products can negatively impact the physical and mental health of women and girls residing in low middle income countries. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management in Pakistan. Moreover, the study also assessed consumer satisfaction towards locally manufactured organic menstrual products. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 400 women and girls selected through convenience sampling from high schools, universities, outpatient department and gynaecological clinics located in 2 cities, i.e., Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to explore experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management. Moreover, each respondent was provided with sample of locally designed and manufactured organic menstrual hygiene & wellness kit by a group of women researchers named "FemPure" including organic sanitary pads, feminine wellness mist and feminine wellness wash. The respondents were asked to use the products and a telephonic follow-up was conducted to assess consumer satisfaction for the products after a period of 1 month. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS 21. The results of the study reported that 86.2% (n = 345) of the respondents had normal periods. Out of 400 respondents, 58.5% (n = 234) knew about any health conditions related to abnormal menstrual cycle while 88.3% (n = 353) were aware of female menstrual hygiene. Majority of the respondents 78.7% (n = 315) felt ashamed while buying sanitary pads. Out of 400 respondents, 5.4% (n = 22) were interested in getting awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. The results of the study showed that all the respondents (100%, n = 400) were satisfied with FemPure organic menstrual products. The study concluded that majority of women and girls faced menstrual hygiene issues during and after the cycle and were eager to receive information on MHM and use organic rash free menstrual wellness products which could be ordered via mobile app. The respondents were satisfied after the use of FemPure organic menstrual products.

Menstrual disturbances and its association with sleep disturbances: a systematic review

BackgroundMenstrual disturbances harm women’s health, and general well-being. As growing evidence highlights the relationship between sleep and menstrual disturbances, it is imperative to comprehensively examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbance considering the multiple dimensions of sleep. This systematic review aims to identify the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances by evaluating using Buysse’s sleep health framework.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, psychINFO, and CINAHL to identify publications describing any types of menstrual disturbances, and their associations with sleep published between January 1, 1988 to June 2, 2022. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The findings were iteratively evaluated menstrual disturbances and their association with sleep using Buysse’s sleep health framework. This framework understands sleep as multidimensional concept and provides a holistic framing of sleep including Satisfaction, Alertness during waking hours, Timing of sleep, Efficiency, and Sleep duration. Menstrual disturbances were grouped into three categories: premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal menstrual cycle/heavy bleeding during periods.ResultsThirty-five studies were reviewed to examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were associated with sleep disturbances in sleep health domains of Satisfaction (e.g., poor sleep quality), Alertness during waking hours (e.g., daytime sleepiness), Efficiency (e.g., difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep), and Duration (e.g., short sleep duration). Abnormal menstrual cycle and heavy bleeding during the period were related to Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Duration. There were no studies which investigated the timing of sleep.Conclusions/ImplicationsSleep disturbances within most dimensions of the sleep health framework negatively impact on menstrual disturbances. Future research should longitudinally examine the effects of sleep disturbances in all dimensions of sleep health with the additional objective sleep measure on menstrual disturbances. This review gives insight in that it can be recommended to provide interventions for improving sleep disturbances in women with menstrual disturbance.

Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the heightened ovarian dysfunction associated with excessive androgen production, manifesting with hirsutism, abnormal menstrual cycle, and polycystic ovaries. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect of resveratrol on laboratory parameters of PCOS women will be assessed. An electronic search via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed up to February 2023 for randomized controlled trials conforming to our pre-specified outcomes. A random-effects model was utilized, with cohorts compared using mean differences. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, reporting 84 patients receiving resveratrol, and 85 patients receiving placebo. It was observed that resveratrol significantly improved prolactin levels (P = 0.02), acne scores (P = 0.008), and total cholesterol (P = 0.02). However, there were no significant improvements observed with respect to total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH), body mass index (BMI), hirsutism scores, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). As per the results of our analysis, resveratrol demonstrates mild therapeutic potential for the sufferers of PCOS, and cannot replace the current established treatment guidelines. However, further comprehensive RCTs are required in order to assess the efficacy in long-term dosing and the safety profile of the use of resveratrol.

Changes in Women’s Menstruation Cycle After COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection

Since the COVID-19 case was discovered, Indonesia has been one of the affected nations and found various COVID-19 infection and immunization risks. Most females are in the menstrual cycle following COVID-19 infection, regardless of the number of days between cycles, blood quantity, or menses duration. This study examines the changes in menstruation post-COVID-19 infection and vaccination. This study used a cross-sectional observational study with an online questionnaire. The 758 female respondents in Yogyakarta were divided into two groups: 532 females who received vaccination and never have been infected with COVID-19 (Group A) and 226 females with a history of being infected with COVID-19 and vaccination (Group B). The data was analyzed using SPSS 26. The results found that most respondents aged 17-25 (90.24%) were students (80.87%). Both two groups had acne on Pre-menstrual syndrome (28.16%), 5-8 days of menstrual duration (73.75%), 30 days of menstruation duration length (57%), and the regular menstruation volume (63.19%) after COVID-19 vaccination. The comparative analysis of menstruation changes in two groups (p0.05), including menstrual duration (0.771), menstrual duration length (0.609), and menstrual volume (0.476) after COVID-19 vaccination. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in menstrual change between Group A and Group B. After vaccination, healthcare professionals can promote post-COVID-19 immunization counseling and services to women who experience an abnormal menstrual cycle.