Abnormal High Pressure Research Articles

Hematological parameters of hypertensive patients in northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

IntroductionHypertension has emerged as a significant public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, it is closely associated with structural and functional alterations in hematopoietic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of hypertensive patients in Northeast Ethiopia. MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2023, involving 248 participants. This included 124 hypertensive patients and 124 apparently healthy controls selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were obtained following established guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Wollo University. After obtaining informed consent, approximately 5 ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant for complete blood count and fasting blood glucose analysis, performed using the Mindray BC-3000 Plus hematology analyzer and the DIRUI CS-T240 automated clinical chemistry analyzer, respectively. Data analysis involved independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, correlation tests, and logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe study found that white blood cell count, platelet count, platelet distribution width, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in hypertensive patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the control group than in hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, white blood cells and platelets exhibited a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), while red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin demonstrated a negative correlation with blood pressure indices and body mass index. Anemia was observed in 20.2 % of hypertensive patients. Notably, an abnormal body mass index (AOR: 3.5, 95 % CI: 1.3–9.6, p = 0.011) and high systolic blood pressure (AOR: 4.6, 95 % CI: 1.3–15.5, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with anemia among hypertensive patients. ConclusionThis study identified significant differences in various hematological parameters between hypertensive patients and the control group. Routine assessments of hematological parameters should be considered to effectively manage hypertension-related complications in hypertensive patients.

Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in basement reservoirs and exploration targets of deep basement reservoirs in onshore China

Based on the global basement reservoir database and the dissection of basement reservoirs in China, the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs are analyzed, and the favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in deep basement reservoirs are investigated to highlight the exploration targets. The discovered basement reservoirs worldwide are mainly buried in the Archean and Precambrian granitic and metamorphic formations with depths less than 4 500 m, and the relatively large reservoirs have been found in rift, back-arc and foreland basins in tectonic active zones of the Meso-Cenozoic plates. The hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs exhibits the characteristics in three aspects. First, the porous-fractured reservoirs with low porosity and ultra-low permeability are dominant, where extensive hydrocarbon accumulation occurred during the weathering denudation and later tectonic reworking of the basin basement. High resistance to compaction allows the physical properties of these highly heterogeneous reservoirs to be independent of the buried depth. Second, the hydrocarbons were sourced from the formations outside the basement. The source-reservoir assemblages are divided into contacted source rock-basement and separated source rock-basement patterns. Third, the abnormal high pressure in the source rock and the normal–low pressure in the basement reservoirs cause a large pressure difference between the source rock and the reservoirs, which is conducive to the pumping effect of hydrocarbons in the deep basement. The deep basement prospects are mainly evaluated by the factors such as tectonic activity of basement, source-reservoir combination, development of large deep faults (especially strike-slip faults), and regional seals. The Precambrian crystalline basements at the margin of the intracontinental rifts in cratonic basins, as well as the Paleozoic folded basements and the Meso-Cenozoic fault-block basements adjacent to the hydrocarbon generation depressions, have favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation, and thus they are considered as the main targets for future exploration of deep basement reservoirs.

Comparative analysis of peak-summer heatwaves in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin of China in 2022 and 2013: Thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau

In the peak-summer of 2022, the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin (YHRB) in China experienced its most extreme heatwaves since 1961. Notably, a rare heatwave also occurred in the YHRB in 2013. However, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exhibited different thermal conditions during those two years. Observational analysis indicates that the 2013 and 2022 heatwaves were closely related to the local anomalous high pressure. The synergistic effects of the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ), South Asian high (SAH), western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), and divergence of moisture, supported the formation and maintenance of the high pressure. Compared to 2013, under the synergistic control of these intensified circulation systems in 2022, which led a broader descending motion and stronger heatwaves prevailed over the YHRB. Also, the surface air temperature of TP reached its highest value in 2022, whereas it was not distinctly anomalous in 2013. Corresponding to the TP thermal anomaly, an abnormal high pressure appeared throughout the troposphere over the northern YHRB. The TP heating contributed to the northward strengthening of the SAH and EASJ, which enhanced the anomalous westerly winds to the north of the anticyclone. Moreover, the WPSH extends westward during strong TP heating years. With the cooperation of high pressure and moisture, there was an anomalous meridional circulation pattern with ascending motion in North China and descending motion in the YHRB, accompanied by reduced cloud cover and increased insolation in the YHRB, leading to further intensification of local heatwaves in 2022. This study demonstrates the significant role of TP thermal anomaly in YHRB heatwaves.

Effect of HHFNC therapy on organ oxygenation and brain metabolism in neonates receiving exchange transfusion.

Exchange transfusion therapy is a complex and invasive procedure with a high risk coefficient. This method involves replacing the entire blood of a child with fresh blood with double circulating blood volume in a short period, typically in 1-2 h. This procedure can cause the body's internal environment to be unstable, which can put newborns under a lot of stress. This stress can lead to many, including abnormal laboratory biochemical examination, low or high blood pressure, and apnea. There is also the possibility of secondary infection and, in severe cases, cardiac arrest. This study investigated the effects of Humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) ventilation on hemodynamic stability and oxygenation during exchange transfusion in neonates. Furthermore, the effects on brain metabolism and salivary cortisol during exchange transfusion were also analyzed. In this study, the control group consisted of 45 cases of children who underwent simple blood exchange between 1 May 2017, and 31 December 2019 control group. The observation group consisted of 33 cases of children who underwent blood exchange under HHFNC support between 1 January 2020, and 30 April 2022. The study compared various physiological parameters between the control and the observation group. These included blood gas analysis, pulmonary artery pressure, ejection fraction, invasive mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cerebral oxygenation, intestinal oxygenation, renal oxygenation, and duration of blood exchange. Furthermore, the study also compared the changes in brain metabolic and salivary cortisol indicators between the two groups of children. The results did not reveal any significant difference in PH, PaO2, and duration of blood exchange between the control and the observation group. However, the observation group's invasive mean arterial pressure, ejection fraction, cerebral oxygenation, intestinal oxygenation, and renal oxygenation were higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, and PaCO2 were lower in the observation group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of children in the relevant clinical indicators (total bilirubin, hemoglobin, SPO2, etc.) after exchange transfusion. After 1 h of blood exchange and after blood exchange, the salivary cortisol levels of the observation group were lower than the control group. The difference was statistically significant. The NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr values of the two groups of children were also significantly different. During blood exchange, unstable hemodynamics substantially impact organ oxygenation. The results of this study suggest that HHFNC and specific ventilation pressure support can improve the respiratory rate and help maintain blood flow stability and organ oxygenation. This technique can also reduce adverse reactions caused by blood exchange, minimizing patient stress and reducing the impact on brain metabolism.

Association of Serum Beta-Carotene with Metabolic Risk Factors among a Work Cohort in Malaysia.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses increased risks for non-communicable diseases, increasing all-cause mortality, disability, and healthcare costs. Beta-carotene as the major carotenoid is identified to play an important role in the pathophysiology of MetS. The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum beta-carotene levels with metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors among a cohort of teachers in Peninsular Malaysia. This cross-sectional study investigated a sub-sample of 645 serum samples which were randomly selected for beta-carotene determination. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors were measured following standard protocols. There were equal proportions of males and females, with majority Malays (69%) followed by the Chinese (24%) and Indians (6.5%). The prevalence of MetS was 24.8% with abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure as the most commonly reported metabolic risk factors. The median serum beta-carotene was 5.15 (5.07) μmol/L. Serum beta-carotene in the lowest quartile (Q1) was found to be significantly associated with MetS (OR: 5.81; 95% CI: 2.96, 11.38) and metabolic risk factors, namely triglycerides (OR: 6.38; 95% CI: 3.04, 13.35), fasting blood sugar (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.48, 7.43), HDL-cholesterol (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.26) and waist circumference (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.73, 5.01), after adjusted for potential confounders. In summary, participants with lower serum beta-carotene had higher odds for MetS and the above-mentioned metabolic risk factors.

The Origin of Overpressure in the Pinghu Tectonic Zone of Xihu Depression and Its Relationship with Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Clarification of the cause of overpressure is of great significance for the study of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation processes under an overpressure environment, and the prediction of predrilling pressure. The cause of overpressure in Xihu Depression is still controversial. This study, based on mudstone compaction research and organic matter correction of logging data, ascertained the causes of overpressure in the Pinghu tectonic zone, Xihu Depression. A modified discrimination method for overpressure genesis was used and the overpressure–hydrocarbon distribution relationship was explored. The results show the following: (1) Vertically, overpressure is located in the lower section of the Pinghu Formation, with a pressure coefficient of 1.1–1.7 and a pressure relief feature. On the plane, the pressure coefficient in the Pingzhong area exceeds that in the Pingbei area. (2) The main causes of abnormal high pressure in the research area are undercompaction and fluid expansion. The fluid expansion mechanisms include overpressure transmission and hydrocarbon charging within the reservoir as well as hydrocarbon generation pressurisation and overpressure transmission within the source rock. (3) In the surge section of kaolinite, under fluid pressure, kaolin migrates toward the low-pressure areas, decreasing the porosity in low-pressure areas and preserving pores in high-pressure areas. The evolution of fluid pressure can be divided into two stages: pressurisation; and both pressurisation and pressure relief. Pressurisation and pressure relief drive hydrocarbon charging, but hydrocarbons are more enriched in overpressure layers.

Significant changes in cloud radiative effects over Southwestern United States during the COVID-19 flight reduction period

Aircraft-induced clouds (AICs) are one of the most visible anthropogenic atmospheric phenomena, which mimic the natural cirrus clouds and perturb global radiation budget by reducing incoming shortwave (SW) radiation and trapping outgoing longwave (LW) radiation. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a 70 % global decline in flight numbers from mid-March to October 2020, which provided a unique opportunity to examine the climatic impact of AICs. Among various regions, Western Europe and the Contiguous United States experienced the most substantial reduction in air traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, only the Southwestern United States demonstrated a significant decrease in cirrus clouds, leading to notable changes in shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) cloud radiative effects. Such changes were likely due to the reduction in AICs. However, further investigations indicated that this region also experienced abnormal high pressure and low relative humidity in the middle and upper atmosphere, resulting in unusual subsidence and dryness that prohibit the formation and maintenance of cirrus cloud. While it remains challenging to quantify the exact climatic impact of reduced AICs, the remarkable anomalies documented in this study provide valuable observational benchmark for future modelling studies of the climatic impact AICs.

Optimization Of Abnormal High Pressure Heater (HPH) Operating Pattern to Reduce Heatrate Of Adipala Power Plant 1 X 660 MW

PLTU Adipala has three HPH (High Pressure Heaters) that have a very essential role in its operations. In The current condition, these three HPH are in a series. Which is, if the middle HPH has a problem during the cycle experiences and must be out-serviced, then the after HPH also must be out-serviced. This situation can increase the heat rate value because two HPH are out of service. Therefore, an alternative mode of HPH operation is needed to press the increase of heatrate and also prevent a decrease in generator efficiency at the same time. Simulations were carried out to obtain the most optimal operating pattern. This simulation was carried out using the Cycle Tempo software. The heat balance cycle is made in the Cycle Tempo software for each condition and filled in with the parameters. Then it runs to obtain the simulation results. The first condition is a normal HPH operating has a heat rate of 2071.4 kcal/kwh. The second condition is a condition where HPH 7 and 8 are out of service and have a heat rate of 2161 kcal/kwh. The third condition is only HPH 7 that is out of service and HPH 8 is streamed to HPH 6 which has a heat rate of 2118 kcal/kwh. The fourth condition is only HPH 7 which is out of service and HPH 8 is streamed to the condenser, which has a heat rate of 2150 kcal/kwh.

РОЛЬ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ АТМОСФЕРНОЙ ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ В УВЕЛИЧЕНИИ ПОВТОРЯЕМОСТИ ЛЕТНИХ ЗАСУХ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ РОССИИ

According to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), most extensive summer droughts in European Russia south of 55°N in 1950-2021 were observed during the extremely negative phases of the Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) and West Pacific (WP) atmospheric circulation patterns characterized by abnormal high atmospheric pressure and an increased frequency of the number of days with atmospheric blocking over European Russia. It is shown that the frequency of droughts in the study area in the years of the negative phases of both circulation indices and their extremes in the summer months as compared to other years was higher by five droughts per decade in the Volga and Central Chernozem regions and by three droughts per decade in the northwestern Caspian region. A statistically significant correlation was found between the EAWR in summer and the multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic. It was revealed that the increase in the drought frequency in the study area in recent decades has been caused by the restructuring of atmospheric circulation in the Euro-Atlantic sector accompanying the transition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) to a positive phase. An increase in the stability of the EAWR and WP atmospheric circulation patterns was observed, as well as a related significant increase in the frequency of extensive droughts in the study area in 2010-2021. They were accompanied by the weakening of zonal atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, the combination of the positive AMO phase and the effects of anthropogenic warming on the atmospheric circulation in the

Weakened Relationship between the Tibetan Plateau Heat Source and the Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone in Recent Summers

Abstract Numerous studies have indicated that the atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is highly correlated with the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in summer. However, such an interannual relationship has been weakened since the late 1990s. The present work shows that the TP AHS was significantly and positively correlated with the WNPAC during the period 1979–99 (P1), while this relationship became insignificant hereafter [2000–20 (P2)]. From an atmospheric perspective, we identify that the long-term change in the upper-level atmospheric circulation over the TP is an important cause for weakening the relationship. An obvious upper-level anticyclonic trend occurred over the northeastern TP in the past four decades, with an easterly trend on the anticyclone’s southern flank, with anomalous westerlies during P1 but anomalous easterlies during P2 over the main portion of the TP. With the anomalous upper-level westerlies in P1, abnormal high pressure induced by the TP heating (i.e., AHS) extended downstream in the upper troposphere. Subsequently, anomalous descending motions formed over the northwestern Pacific due to the eastward-extended high pressure, together with the vertical transport of negative relative vorticity, favorable for the enhancement of the WNPAC. In P2, the TP heating-induced abnormal high pressure was confined over the southern TP due to the anomalous easterlies, suppressing its downstream influence and finally breaking the connection between the TP AHS and the WNPAC. Modeling results from both linear baroclinic model (LBM) sensitivity experiments and the CESM Large Ensemble dataset further confirm the important role of the change in background circulation in weakening the relationship. Significance Statement The atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is generally believed to closely connect with the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) during boreal summer. Previous studies have revealed that a significant interannual correlation exists between the TP AHS and the WNPAC; however, such a relationship was weakened recently, but the causes are unknown. This study highlights the important contribution from the change in background circulation to the weakened relationship. An upper-level easterly trend occurred over the TP in recent summers, under which the TP heating-induced abnormal atmospheric response was confined in the TP area, limiting the downstream influence of the TP heating and finally destroying the connection between the TP AHS and the downstream WNPAC.

Prediction of Summer Precipitation in North China: Role of the Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies from Boreal Winter to Spring

Abstract Prediction of summer precipitation in north China (NCP) has long been a challenge partly because its low correlation with previous sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) limits the application of SST in NCP prediction. This study aims to extract optimal predictors of NCP from the SST field using an objective method—empirically optimal screening (EOS). It finds that the optimal precursory signal of NCP lies in the change of SSTA from winter to spring rather than the SSTA itself. This study identifies two optimal precursory signs predicting a positive (negative) NCP anomaly: the anomalous SST cooling (warming) from winter to spring in the coastal area of Somalia and Peru. Interestingly, these two presummer conditions have considerable independence, but they lead to a similar summer development of La Niña (El Niño). In summer, the tropical precipitation anomaly pattern associated with La Niña (El Niño) development excites a meridional wave train over the western Pacific and the circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere. Both of the anomalous wave trains show abnormal high (low) pressure over northeast Asia, which induces the south (north) wind anomalies over north China and produces abundant (deficient) precipitation there. These results highlight the importance of the SST evolution from winter to spring, break through the limitation of SST application in NCP prediction, and thus bring a prospect of improving NCP forecast skills. Significance Statement Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are most used as predictors in climate prediction. However, the forecast of summer precipitation in north China is limited by its low correlation with prior SST anomalies. In this paper, we find that the optimal precursory signal of north China precipitation (NCP) is not the SST anomaly itself, but the changes of SST anomalies from winter to spring in the coastal area of Somalia and Peru. These two precursory signals are almost independent yet indicate similar summer situations leading to NCP anomaly. These results highlight the importance of the dynamic evolution of sea surface temperature in improving the forecast skill of NCP.

Development characteristics and genesis of deep tight conglomerate reservoirs of Mahu area in Junggar Basin, China

To clarify the development rules and main origins of deep tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu area of Junggar Basin, various materials and data from deep wells were systematically researched to determine the reservoir's basic characteristics and effective origins. The results indicate that the reservoir mainly comprises a fine and medium-fine conglomerate, which belongs to the fan delta distributary channel conglomerate. Additionally, it is a typical deep tight conglomerate reservoir with low to ultra-low porosity and permeability, and the gravel primarily consists of volcanic rock composed of tuff and intermediate acid volcanic lava. The cement is mainly composed of laumontite and calcite, and the reservoir has undergone three types of diagenesis: compaction, cementation, and dissolution. The first two types have dual effects of destruction and construction, while the result of dissolution is the widespread development of secondary pore enrichment zones composed of intergranular solution pores formed by the dissolution of zeolite, carbonate cement, and argillaceous matrix, as well as intragranular solution pores formed by the dissolution of feldspar and dark minerals. Unlike the middle and shallow layers, the reservoir space mainly composed of secondary pores and fractures. The effective reservoir is mainly caused by rock composition, dissolution, fracture system, and abnormal high pressure. The rock composition provides a sufficient material basis and is the internal cause, while the dissolution, fracture system, and abnormal high pressure are the external causes. The dissolution forms a secondary pore enrichment zone, the fracture system improves the seepage capacity of the reservoir, and abnormal high pressure can effectively maintain and increase the pores. Four factors control the formation and distribution of relatively high-quality deep tight conglomerate reservoirs.

Texture development of mesophase in reservoir pyrobitumen and the temperature-pressure converting of the gas reservoir in the Chuanzhong Uplift, Southwestern China

The Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic dolostone gas reservoirs in the Chuanzhong Uplift in Southwestern China contain the mesophase pyrobitumen (pyrobitumen with mesophase). The mesophase in the pyrobitumen is mostly composed of a mixture of condensed macromolecule polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and has been mostly converted to various grain, flow, and domain textures. The volcanic activity nearby the Chuanzhong Uplift may have generated very hot (over 300 °C) hydrothermal fluid, with migration of the fluid into the dolostone reservoir transforming the hydrocarbons in the reservoir into an anisotropic carbon by-product, which formed under high temperature and pressure conditions; over 300 °C and 200 MPa according to fluid inclusion analysis. The high temperature-pressure in reservoir was caused by sudden devolatilization of the hydrocarbons due to hydrothermal heating, which formed the unusual texture of the mesophase. The elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen deposits are all unusual textures. This study investigates the texture development of this pressure-affected pyrobitumen. Observation and study of the mesophase suggest that the class of mesophase in pyrobitumen is determined by temperature, while pressure (assessed from associated fluid inclusions) significantly affected the texture. Analysis of the texture of the pyrobitumen in conjunction with previous thermometry results from methane inclusions suggests that the high class mesophase of the pyrobitumen could be applied as a temperature indicator for geological conditions. Furthermore, the unusual textures of the pyrobitumen including elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen could reflect the abnormal high formation pressure.

Distribution of lightning spatial modes and climatic causes in China

This paper investigates the distribution of spatial modes of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity across China's land areas during the period 2010–20 and their possible causes based on the CG lightning dataset of the China National Lightning Detection Network. It is found that the first empirical orthogonal function mode (EOF1) occupies 32.86% of the total variance of the summer CG lightning anomaly variation. Also, it exhibits a negative–positive–negative meridional seesaw pattern from north to south. When the SST of the East Pacific and Indian Ocean warms abnormally and the SST of the Northwest Pacific becomes abnormally cold, a cyclonic circulation is stimulated in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and tropical West Pacific region of China. As the water vapor continues to move southwards, it converges with the water vapor deriving from the Bay of Bengal in South China, and ascending motion strengthens here, thus enhancing the CG lightning activity of this area. Affected by the abnormal high pressure, the corresponding CG lightning activities in North China and Northeast China are relatively weak. The ENSO phenomenon is the climate driver for the CG lightning activity occurring in land areas of China.摘要本文利用中国气象局国家雷电监测网 (CNLDN) 的地闪观测数据集, 分析了2010–2020年中国陆地区域地闪空间模态分布特征及其可能的气候成因. 研究发现, 夏季地闪第一模态的方差贡献率为32.86%, 其分布从北到南呈现出“−+−”的经向跷跷板模式. 当东太平洋和印度洋的海温异常增暖, 西北太平洋的海温异常变冷时, 在中国黄海, 东海及热带西太平洋地区激发出气旋性环流. 随着水汽南下至华南地区, 与来自孟加拉湾的水汽汇合, 上升运动在此加强, 从而使得该地区的雷电活动增强. 表明厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 现象, 是发生在中国陆地区域的地闪活动的气候驱动因子.

Study on factors affecting the petro physical properties of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs of Baikouquan Formation, Junggar Basin

In recent years, oil and gas exploration of the Baikouquan Formation in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin has seen major breakthroughs have been made in oil and gas exploration. Sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs are developed in the Baikouquan Formation in this area, but the factors affecting the differences in petro physical properties of these two types of reservoirs are still unclear. In this paper, taking the Baikouquan Formation in the Hongcheguai area on the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin as an example, a large number of core observations, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and petro physical property test data were used to evaluate the petro logical characteristics, reservoir space types, digenesis and pore evolution of the sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs. The results show that the sandstone and conglomerate rocks of the Baikouquan Formation in the study area have a large content of tuffaceous components. The sandstone reservoirs are dominated by primary intergranular pores, and the conglomerate reservoirs are dominated by secondary dissolved pores. In addition, the porosity is negatively correlated with rock permeability for the conglomerate rocks of the Baikouquan Formation. However, the porosity is positively correlated with rock permeability of the sandstone reservoirs. According to the analysis of the digenetic process, the compaction and cementation can lead to a significant decrease in the petro physical properties of the reservoir. While dissolution can improve the petro physical properties of the sandstone reservoirs to a small extent, and can improve that of the conglomerate reservoirs to a greater extent. Moreover, local fractures are important factors affecting the petro physical properties of the conglomerate reservoirs. The existence of abnormal high pressure has a certain effect on the preservation of primary pores. On the whole, the controlling factors of the petro physical properties of the conglomerate reservoirs in the Baikouquan Formation include sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonic actives, while that of the sandstone reservoirs mainly include sedimentation and diagenesis.

Intelligent Networked Control of Vasoactive Drug Infusion for Patients with Uncertain Sensitivity

Abnormal high blood pressure or hypertension is still the leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide. This paper presents a new intelligent networked control of medical drug infusion system to regulate the mean arterial blood pressure for hypertensive patients with different health status conditions. The infusion of vasoactive drugs to patients endures various issues, such as variation of sensitivity and noise, which require effective and powerful systems to ensure robustness and good performance. The developed intelligent networked system is composed of a hybrid control scheme of interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) logic and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. This networked IT2F control is capable of managing the uncertain sensitivity of the patient to anti-hypertensive drugs successfully. To avoid the manual selection of control parameter values, the TLBO algorithm is mainly used to automatically find the best parameter values of the networked IT2F controller. The simulation results showed that the optimized networked IT2F achieved a good performance under external disturbances. A comparative study has also been conducted to emphasize the outperformance of the developed controller against traditional PID and type-1 fuzzy controllers. Moreover, the comparative evaluation demonstrated that the performance of the developed networked IT2F controller is superior to other control strategies in previous studies to handle unknown patients’ sensitivity to infused vasoactive drugs in a noisy environment.

Analysis on Prediction Methods for Formation Pore Pressure under Multiple Pressure Formation Mechanisms

There is abnormal fluid pressure widely distributed in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin, with abnormal zones extending from different depths, and the formation causes of abnormal pressure here are complicated. It is one of the three HTHP offshore regions in the world at present. Hence, drilling in this region is very difficult. It is discovered in drilling practices in recent years that, due to the multiple formation mechanisms of abnormal formation pressure in this region, the conventional pressure prediction model based on under-compaction theory is insufficient to explain the abnormal high pressure suddenly occurring in the middle shallow layer in diapiric structure of Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin, which causes very large deviation of pore pressure prediction before drilling. Based on the basic principle of improved Fillippone method and with the three-dimensional high precision seismic velocity field of geologic modeling inversion, the authors build a three dimensional pore pressure model of target block, extract the pressure slice of horizon and across the target well, analyze the other source pressure transmission possibly caused by formation connectivity, and import them into the mathematical model of pore pressure prediction, so as to attain the purpose of improving the precision of pore pressure prediction. This method has been well applied in pre-drilling pressure prediction for the HTHP block in the South China Sea, reaching a prediction precisi on above 95%.

A Novel SDMFO-MBSVM-Based Segmentation and Classification Framework for Glaucoma Detection Using OCT and Fundus Images

Glaucoma is an eye disease that causes loss of vision and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of the eye called optic nerve. The optic nerve collects the visual information from the eyes and transmits to the brain. Glaucoma is mainly caused by an abnormal high pressure in the eyes. Over time, the increased pressure can erode the tissues of optic nerve, leading to vision loss or blindness. If it is diagnosed in advance, then only it can prevent the vision loss. To diagnose the glaucoma, it must accurately differentiate between the optic disc (OD), optic cup (OC), and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The segmentation of the OD, OC, and RNFL remains a challenging issue under a minimum contrast image of boundaries. Therefore, in this study, an innovative method of Hybrid Symbiotic Differential Evolution Moth-Flame Optimization (SDMFO)-Multi-Boost Ensemble and Support Vector Machine (MBSVM)-based segmentation and classification framework is proposed for accurately detecting the glaucoma disease. By using Group Search Optimizer (GSO), the affected parts of the OD, OC and RNFL are segmented. The proposed SDMFO-MBSVM method is executed in MATLAB site, its performance is analyzed with three existing methods. From the comparison, the accuracy of the proposed method in OD segmentation gives better results of 3.37%, 4.54% and 2.22%, OC segmentation gives better results of 2.22%, 3.37% and 4.54%, and RNFL segmentation gives the better results of 3.37%, 97.21% and 5.74%.

Comparing non-invasive diagnostic methods for arteriovenous fistula stenosis: a prospective study.

International guidelines recommend screening for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis using various non-invasive methods. We evaluate different non-invasive AVF flow measurements for detecting AVF stenosis. Twenty-three haemodialysis patients with suspected AVF stenosis are enrolled based on abnormal physical signs or high venous pressure during dialysis. Ultrasound dilution, urea dilution, Doppler ultrasonography, and fistulography are performed on all patients. The accuracy of three non-invasive methods is compared. Fistulography reveals AVF stenosis in 18 patients, 12 of whom have severe stenosis (greater than 50% stenosis in diameter). Concerning the location of the stenosis lesions, eight are at the inflow site, six at the outflow site, and four on both sites. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis shows that Doppler ultrasonography has a high discriminative ability and the averaged areas under the curves are 0.933 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.81 to 0.99) for stenosis and 0.929 (95% CI 0.82-0.99) for severe stenosis. The sensitivity of each method for the prediction of access stenosis using ultrasound dilution, urea dilution, and Doppler ultrasonography is 73%, 73%, and 80%, respectively. The respective specificity of each method is 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Physical examination (PE) shows an 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity in the detection of AVF stenosis. The combination of Doppler ultrasound with PE produces the highest sensitivity (93%) for detecting AVF stenosis. Doppler ultrasound combined with physical examination is more accurate than other non-invasive methods for detecting AVF stenosis.

Influence of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature on decadal variability of the July precipitation in north China

AbstractThe north China July precipitation (NCJP) accounts for the largest proportion of annual total precipitation in north China and displays a significant decadal variability of a cycle about 20‐year at least from the past 40 years. There is a significant negative correlation between the July northern North Atlantic sea surface temperature (NNASST) and NCJP on decadal scale. When the detrended July NNASST anomaly is in negative phase, the NCJP anomaly is in positive phase, and vice versa. We present the coupled oceanic–atmospheric bridge (COAB) mechanism of the July NNASST influences on NCJP decadal variability via the Eurasian decadal teleconnection (EAT) pattern: the NNASST stimulates the EAT pattern which regulates circulation anomalies in north China and its surrounding regions, and finally regulates precipitation anomalies in north China by influencing the local water vapour transport. In addition, a preliminary analysis about the causes of the super‐abnormal NCJP in 2021 indicates that the super‐abnormal NCJP in 2021 is not just the decadal role of the NNASST on NCJP, may be the combined influence of the WPSH in the northeastern of north China, the abnormal high pressure in the northwest and the low‐pressure cyclone in the south in the rainy decadal background.