Abnormal Eating Behavior Research Articles

Differences in body dissatisfaction between individuals with and without stigma toward obesity: A study of preadolescents and adolescents.

Previous studies have focused on understanding the biopsychosocial implications of obesity stigma and have made proposals to minimize its negative consequences, as well as recommendations to eliminate or reduce this stigma; however, knowing which individuals stigmatize obesity and why will allow us to have a broader picture of stigmatization and thus help in planning interventions with greater impact. The aims were to describe the stigmatization toward obesity in preadolescents and adolescents and to determine whether there are differences in body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating behaviors and self-esteem among those with and without stigma toward obesity. A total of 307 preadolescents and 349 adolescents answered a set of questionnaires that evaluated abnormal eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and stigma. Fifty-nine percent of the participants stigmatized individuals with obesity, with preadolescents having the greatest stigma levels. Differences were observed only in body dissatisfaction, where the group of preadolescents who stigmatized individuals with obesity and the group of adolescents who did not stigmatize individuals with obesity reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Obesity is stigmatized at early ages, regardless of sex; however, preadolescents with stigma toward obesity and adolescents without stigma toward obesity have greater body dissatisfaction, indicating that body dissatisfaction plays a crucial role in the stigmatization of obesity. Level V, cross-sectional analytical study.

Neuroimaging studies of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in eating disorders

Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and pica, are psychobehavioral conditions characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and an excessive preoccupation with weight and body shape. This review examines changes in brain regions and functional connectivity in ED patients over the past decade (2013–2023) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Key findings highlight alterations in brain networks such as the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and emotion regulation network (ERN). In individuals with AN, there is reduced functional connectivity in areas associated with facial information processing and social cognition, alongside increased connectivity in regions linked to sensory stimulation, aesthetic judgment, and social anxiety. Conversely, BED patients show diminished connectivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex within the salience network and increased connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex within the DMN. These findings suggest that rs-fMRI could serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing brain function and predicting treatment outcomes in EDs, paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies.

Family caregivers use a Hand-Under-Hand online course to improve the nutritional status of patients with severe dementia: A quasi-experimental study.

In Taiwan, over 90% of dementia patients received home care. Severe dementia-linked food refusal significantly affects nutrition, thereby straining caregivers. Family caregivers can reduce their burden by learning feeding and dementia nutrition online, thus preserving patient oral feeding. The study aim for family caregivers learn online Hand-Under-Hand (UH) techniques to ease feeding in severe dementia, enhancing nutrition and reducing their burden. In this quasi-experimental study, participants in the experimental group received 2-h UH courses online, while the control group received their usual care. The primary outcome indicators were abnormal eating behavior, nutritional status, and caregiver burden, with outcomes tracked at 0, 1, and 3 months. At the neurology outpatient clinic of a medical center in Taipei, 65 dyads-comprising patients with severe dementia and their caregivers-were randomly assigned to groups. The study participants comprised 36 female and 29 male caregivers, with an average age of 58.09 years. The patient group included 43 females and 22 males, with a mean age of 83.32 years. Patients in the experimental group exhibited reduced abnormal eating behavior, and caregiver burden was reduced at 1 and 3 months, patients demonstrated improved nutritional status by month 3. The accessibility and convenience of online courses enabled family caregivers to use UH feeding techniques to effectively improve the nutritional status and correct the abnormal eating behavior of patients with dementia, while also decreasing caregiver burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

Prevalence and Correlates of a Positive Screening for Eating Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study among Children in Lebanese Schools

ABSTRACT Background: Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most common psychiatric illnesses that may lead to physical and psychosocial morbidity in children. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with a positive screening for ED among children and young adolescents in multiple Lebanese schools. Method: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 253 students (45.5% females; 76.3% Syrian refugees) aged between 8 and 13 years and recruited from Lebanese private schools. Students were interviewed between February and June 2018 to collect information about sociodemographic factors and health characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were performed, using the SCOFF questionnaire for screening ED as the dependent variable. Results: Among the students, 36.4% tested positive for SCOFF. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between a positive screening for ED and the following factors: being between 8 and 9 years old (p = 0.029), obesity (p = 0.010), experiencing fatigue (p = 0.017), encountering a stressful accident (p = 0.027), undergoing changes in residence, school, or country (p = 0.01), consuming meals from restaurants ≥3/week (p = 0.013), consuming ≤2 fruits/week (p = 0.01) and consuming ≥5 eggs/week (p = 0.01). Approximately 13.4% of students were underweight, while 24.5% were classified as overweight or obese. One-third (32.1%) of students spent between 2 and 5 h/day using digital devices. Half of the students (54.1%) purchased fast food ≥3/week from school cafeterias, and over three-quarters reported fluctuating their food intake in response to emotions such as sadness, fear, anger, or happiness. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention in addressing abnormal eating behaviors among children.

Eating disorders in female athletes: a review of prevalence and pathogenic behaviors

Relevance of Research Topic. Eating disorders can be a result of multiple factors including disordered eating, which is an array of abnormal eating behaviors including restrictive eating, fasting, frequently skipped meals, diet pills, overeating, binge-eating and then purging (vomiting). The athletic and performing art populations, specifically females, are at high risk of eating disordered compared to non-athletes and may be predisposed further depending on the nature of their sports. Purpose. The intention of this review article is to identify and review the types of feeding and eating disorders, pathogenic behaviors, prevalence of eating disorders, and risk factors for eating disorders in female athletes. Results. The review of the literature revealed that female athletes are at risk for eating disorders and pathogenic behavior engagement. Conclusions. As more information is provided to the public regarding the determinants and distribution of factors present in potentially at-risk females to developing an eating disorder, more awareness is made to continue the research and promotion of treatment. Appropriate interventions should follow best practices, incorporating a multidisciplinary care team, including a physician, dietitian, mental health professional, and athletic trainer.

Validation and assessment of psychometric properties of the Greek Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity (GR-EBA-O)

IntroductionWith increasing morbidity and risk of death, obesity has become a serious health problem largely attributable to difficulties in finding proper treatments for related diseases. Many studies show how detecting abnormal eating behaviors could be useful in developing effective clinical treatments. This study aims at validating the Greek version of the Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity (EBA-O).MethodAfter a double English/Greek forward/backward translation of the EBA-O, 294 participants completed the Greek version (GR-EBA-O), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Binge Eating Scale, and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and construct validity were calculated, and Two-way MANOVA was computed with the factors of GR-EBA-O controlling for sex and BMI categories.ResultsCFA confirmed the second-order five factors (i.e., food addiction, night eating, binge eating, sweet eating, and prandial hyperphagia) structure of the original EBA-O with excellent fit indices. GR-EBA-O factors were highly correlated. The GR-EBA-O subscales were also significantly correlated with the remaining measures, demonstrating good concurrent validity.ConclusionThe Greek version of the EBA-O has demonstrated sound psychometric properties and appears a reliable and user-friendly tool to identify pathological eating behaviors in obesity.Level of evidence: V, descriptive research.

Episode of renal dysfunction in a child with eating disorder: a case report

Among the various organ dysfunctions seriously affected by eating disorders (EDs) is kidney damage. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for several essential functions, including the balance of the body's acid-base and mineral metabolism, the removal and excretion of substances, and the regulation of blood volume and pressure. Eating disorders are a widespread and clinically relevant class of multiorgan disorders that occur mainly in adolescence. EDs often have serious clinical manifestations, which are determined by electrolyte imbalance, endocrine and mental disorders, renal failure, and other disorders. Common eating disorders discussed in the literature and frequently encountered in clinical practice are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a type of abnormal eating behaviour that involves the consumption of very little food and may include intentional vomiting or the misuse of laxatives or diuretics. Kidneys perform a number of vital functions to maintain homeostasis in our body. One of the main functions of the kidneys is blood filtration and the removal of metabolic products. This allows you to maintain the optimal level of fluid and electrolytes and remove toxins. Restriction of fluid intake and abuse of diuretics can cause a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and further renal failure. The result of the latter is the development of serious violations of vital functions. Low dietary protein intake in people following a restricted diet (restrictive anorexia) leads to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow. Treatment of acute kidney injury on the background of volume deficit due to fluid loss involves its termination and hydration orally or with the help of intravenous infusions of physiological solution depending on the severity of volume deficit and kidney damage, which was observed and described in this clinical case. Aim. To analyze the peculiarities of kidney injury in a child with an eating disorder. Materials and Methods. A detailed analysis of the case history of a pediatric patient diagnosed with eating disorder complicated with an acute episode of renal dysfunction was done. Basic anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data were analyzed and given in the paper. A graphic presentation is done with PowerPoint. Results. We describe a 14-year-old female patient diagnosed with ED and acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to intensive care unit interventions. Conclusions. AKIs can result from a number of conditions that are common among anorexics and include dehydration, high blood pressure, toxins, inadequate nutrition and possibly altered electrolytes. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and electrolytes are among the kidney function markers that need to be monitored in the early stages of AKI linked to anorexia. The right medical care, which includes normalizing blood pressure and adequate hydration, leads to the patient's recovery. Further follow-ups on kidney function in such patients are of high importance

The Risk of Orthorexia and the Prevalence of Emotional Eating Behaviours among Polish Military Flying Personnel in Relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sociodemographic Factors.

Proper nutrition has a positive impact on health. Paradoxically, excessive preoccupation with healthy eating may lead to the emergence of abnormal eating behaviours and increase the risk of developing disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia (ON) and the prevalence of emotional eating (EE) in military flying personnel of the Polish Air Force in relation to BMI and sociodemographic factors. This study included 760 soldiers (including 60 females) taking part in the National Health Programme 2021-2025. The ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ were used to assess the risk of ON and EE. The risk of ON occurred in 28.9% of military flying personnel and was significantly more frequent in soldiers with a normal weight (46.4%), under 40 years of age (42.7%), and with higher education (42.7%). The prevalence of EE was found in approximately 12.3% of the respondents and was significantly more common in soldiers with diagnosed obesity (17.5%), women (21.7%), and soldiers with higher education (13.6). Other sociodemographic variables did not differentiate the results of the ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ. The obtained results indicate that the problem of eating disorders also occurs in military populations. The necessity of continuing research in this area is discussed.

Eating Disorders in Men.

Eating disorders are seen mainly as a problem affecting women, not just by the public at large, but also in specialized circles. Although it is true that more women than men suffer from all types of eating disorder, pertinent reviews have clearly shown that they do indeed occur in men, and that the available evidence on the matter is limited. The stigmatization of men with eating disorders makes it harder for these men, and for the relevant professionals, to recognize the symptoms and to seek or provide help. This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed on the epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of eating disorders in men. Current estimated lifetime prevalences in men are 0.2% for anorexia nervosa, 0.6% for bulimia nervosa, and 1% for bingeeating disorder; the corresponding figures for women are 1.4%, 1.9%, and 2.8%. Men and women may display different manifestations. Women are thought to be mainly seeking a slim figure and weight reduction; men, a muscular build. The established Germanlanguage screening and diagnostic tools, however, do not cover the types of symptoms that are more common in men. Little is known about whether treatment yields comparable results in men and women. It is important to combat the stigmati - zation of men with eating disorders and to remove the obstacles to their appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The current methods of screening and diagnosis need to be adapted to take account of the special aspects of abnormal eating behavior in men. It remains unclear whether and how the disorderspecific treatment of these conditions in men should differ from their treatment in women.

EVALUATION OF BODY COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND EATING ATTITUDES OF MALE INDIVIDUALS BASED ON EXERCISE ADDICTION BEHAVIOR

In this study, we aimed to examine the body composition, supplement use and nutritional status of young adult males who attend the gym based on their level of exercise addiction. We also intended to determine if there was a link between exercise addiction and eating attitude. The study included 150 volunteers males aged 19 to 30 who had exercised at least three days a week for the last three months. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing questions about the general characteristics of individuals, an eating attitude test, an exercise addiction scale, and a food consumption record. The results of the exercise dependence scale showed that 23.3% of the participants were asymptomatic, 69.3% were non-dependent symptomatic, and 7.3% were addicts. 50% of individuals had an abnormal eating behavior disorder. There was a moderate positive correlation between exercise addiction and eating attitude scale scores (r=0.50 and p

Obesity is associated with alterations in anatomical connectivity of frontal-corpus callosum.

Obesity has been linked to abnormal frontal function, including the white matter fibers of anterior portion of the corpus callosum, which is crucial for information exchange within frontal cortex. However, alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and cortical regions in patients with obesity have not yet been investigated. Thus, we enrolled 72 obese and 60 age-/gender-matched normal weight participants who underwent clinical measurements and diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography with connectivity-based classification was performed to segment the corpus callosum and quantify white matter anatomical connectivity between subregions of corpus callosum and cortical regions, and associations between corpus callosum-cortex white matter anatomical connectivity and clinical behaviors were also assessed. Relative to normal weight individuals, individuals with obesity exhibited significantly greater white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-orbitofrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with body mass index and self-reported disinhibition of eating behavior, and lower white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-prefrontal cortex, which was significantly negatively correlated with craving for high-calorie food cues. The findings show that alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and frontal regions involved in reward and executive control are associated with abnormal eating behaviors.

Eating behaviours, social media usage, and its association: A cross-sectional study in Indian medical undergraduates

Background: Despite increasing incidence, there is little data on abnormal eating behaviours or disorders in Indian youth, especially medical students. Additionally, little literature exists measuring the association of social media use with abnormal eating behaviours. Aim: To assess the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviours amongst medical students, social media usage, and any association of social media usage with eating behaviours. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted with 272 participants at a medical college, and two scales: the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21items (TFEQ-R21) and the Scale of Effects of social media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) were used. Results: 22% of the participants reported abnormal eating behaviours. A significant difference in the effect of social media on eating behaviour according to the year of study [f = 3.08, P = 0.02] was seen with the final years having the lowest and the first years having the highest SESMEB scores. Students using more than 4 social media platforms had a higher SESMEB score [t = -2.02, P < 0.04]. A positive correlation was seen between TFEQ domains such as uncontrolled eating [r = 0.38, P = 0.01], emotional eating [r = 0.30, P = 0.01], and TFEQ total score [r = 0.40, P = 0.01] with SESMEB scores. Conclusion: This study finds a significant correlation between increased social media usage and developing abnormal eating behaviours in medical students. It highlights the need for the creation of policies regulating social media use with eating behaviours in mind.

Tryptophan metabolic pathway plays a key role in the stress-induced emotional eating

Chronic stress disrupts the emotional and energetic balance, which may lead to abnormal behaviors such as binge eating. This overeating behavior alleviating the negative emotions is called emotional eating, which may exacerbate emotional instability and lead to obesity. It is a complex and multifaceted process that has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we constructed an animal model of chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced emotional eating. The emotional eating mice were treated with tryptophan for 21 days to reveal the key role of tryptophan. Furthermore, serum-targeted metabolomics, immunohistochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA were performed. The results showed that CMS led to the binge eating behavior, accompanied by the disturbed intestinal tryptophan-derived serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) metabolic pathways. Then we found that tryptophan supplementation improved depression and anxiety-like behaviors as well as abnormal eating behaviors. Tryptophan supplementation improved the abnormal expression of appetite regulators (e.g., AgRP, OX1R, MC4R), and tryptophan supplementation also increased the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2) and 5-HT receptors in the hypothalamus of CMS mice, which indicates that the 5-HT metabolic pathway influences feeding behavior. In vitro experiments confirmed that 5-HT supplementation ameliorated corticosterone-induced aberrant expression of appetite regulators, such as AgRP and OX1R, in the hypothalamic cell line. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the tryptophan-derived 5-HT pathway plays an important role in emotional eating, especially in providing targeted therapy for stress-induced obesity.

Effectiveness of nurse-delivered stepwise swallowing training on dysphagia in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A multi-center randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlthough swallowing exercises are a fundamental treatment for dysphagia, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of swallowing training in patients with Alzheimer's disease. MethodsWe recruited 93 patients with Alzheimer's disease from three hospitals in Guangdong, China. This was a parallel armed randomized controlled trial that randomly assigned patients to intervention (n = 48) and control (n = 45) groups. The intervention group adopted systematic stepwise swallowing training for four weeks based on routine dysphagia care. The control group implemented routine dysphagia care, including diet and posture management and health education about swallowing dysfunction. The swallowing function was the primary outcome, which was assessed using the Water Swallowing Test and Standard Swallowing Assessment. An abnormal eating behavior questionnaire was used to assess the incidence of aberrant eating behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form and Barthel index were adopted to evaluate the nutritional status and ability to carry out daily activities between groups. SPSS software was used to perform the chi-square test, t-test, and generalized estimation equation for data analysis. ResultsWe analyzed the effects of the stepwise swallowing training program using the generalized estimating equation method. The intervention group exhibited greater improvements in their swallowing function (Water Swallowing Test: β = −3.133, 95 % CI: −4.113, −2.154, P < 0.001; Standard Swallowing Assessment: β = −5.813, 95 % CI: −7.782, −3.844, P < 0.001), abnormal eating behaviors (abnormal eating behavior questionnaire: β = −13.324, 95 % CI: −21.643, −5.005, P = 0.002), daily function (Barthel index: β = 11.280, 95 % CI: 4.021, 18.540, P = 0.002), and nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form: β = 2.402, 95 % CI: 1.313, 3.490, P < 0.001) over time than the routine-care group in the fourth week. ConclusionsStepwise swallowing training is a safe and effective intervention for managing dysphagia and other related symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Alterations of interhemispheric functional homotopic connectivity and corpus callosum microstructure in bulimia nervosa.

Accumulating evidence indicates maladaptive neural information interactions between different brain regions underlie bulimia nervosa (BN). However, little is known about the alterations in interhemispheric communication of BN, which is facilitated by the corpus callosum (CC), the major commissural fiber connecting the two hemispheres. To shed light on the interhemispheric communications in BN, the present study aims to explore alterations of interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity and the CC microstructure in BN. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collected from 42 BN patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs), the group differences of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) index and CC white matter microstructure were compared. Then brain regions with significant group differences in VMHC were selected as seeds for subsequent functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Seed-based fiber tracking and correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between VMHC and CC changes. And correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between abnormal imaging variables and the clinical features of BN. Compared with HCs, the BN group showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in middle part of CC (CCMid) and increased VMHC in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) [false discovery rate (FDR) correction with a corrected threshold of P<0.05]. Subsequent FC analyses indicated increased FC between left OFC and right OFC, bilateral MTG, left middle occipital gyrus and right precuneus (PCUN); between right OFC and left cerebellum crus II and right PCUN; and between left MTG and right inferior temporal gyrus, right cerebellum lobule VI and right medial superior frontal gyrus (FDR correction with a corrected threshold of P<0.05). The VMHC values of OFC and MTG showed no correlations with FA values of the CCMid and the white fibers between the bilateral OFC and MTG were not through the CCMid. In addition, several regions with abnormal FC had a potential correlation trend with abnormal eating behaviors in BN patients (P<0.05, uncorrected). Aberrant interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity and CC microstructure were observed in BN, and they may be independent of each other. Regions with aberrant interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity showed hyperconnectivity with regions related to reward processing, body shape perception, and self-reference.

Importance of high sensitivity for shaping abnormal eating behavior in young adult women

“High sensitivity” is a relatively new construct, especially in Polish psychology. Although it is sometimes a subject of controversy in the scientific world, it seems to have explanatory significance, helping to understand the mechanism of human functioning in various spheres. The purpose of the research project was to explore the relationships between the intensity of sensitivity and eating behaviors in young adult women. The sample consisted of 213 participants in young adulthood (i.e., from 20 to 35 years old). The selection of respondents was purposeful, and the inclusion criteria were gender and age. The High Sensitivity Scale by Elaine Aron, adapted by Agata Borzyszkowska, and the Questionnaire of Eating-Related Behaviors by Nina Ogińska-Bulik and Leszek Putyński were used to measure the main variables. As a result of the analysis of the obtained research material, the main assumption about the existence of a relationship between the intensity of sensitivity and eating behaviors in the examined women was confirmed. The higher the level of sensitivity intensity, the higher the tendency for abnormal eating behaviors. A correlation was also found between the difference in real and ideal body mass and eating behaviors, both in their general dimension, emotional eating, and dietary restrictions. Additionally, it was documented that the greater the difference between real and ideal body mass, the greater the tendency of the examined women to exhibit abnormal eating behaviors. A partial relationship between the assessment of the adequacy of support and the burden of stress with eating behaviors was also confirmed.

Eating Disorders and Diabetes: Facing the Dual Challenge.

Eating disorders and diabetes mellitus are distinct yet closely linked health conditions, presenting distinct challenges in terms of care and management. Eating disorders encompass a spectrum of mental health disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and disruptions in weight regulation. Research indicates that individuals with diabetes might be at an elevated risk of developing eating disorders. The necessity to adhere to specific dietary guidelines, monitor blood sugar levels vigilantly, and manage drug administration can collectively contribute to the emergence of detrimental attitudes toward food and body image. On the other hand, incorrect eating behaviors such as binge eating and purging can disrupt blood sugar control, significantly impacting the development and management of diabetes. This intricate relationship emphasizes the crucial necessity for a comprehensive understanding and specialized care to effectively address the dual challenges faced by individuals dealing with both diabetes and eating disorders. This paper represents the inaugural comprehensive review delving into the intricate connection between eating disorders and diabetes, thereby illuminating previously under-researched areas. The insights gleaned from this review may contribute to developing integrated interventions that aim to improve the overall well-being and quality of life for individuals grappling with the complexities of eating disorders and diabetes.

Indicators of Eating Disorders in Sexually Abused Brazilian Adolescents: Family and School Contexts.

Eating disorders, characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, are among a wide variety of psychiatric conditions that mainly affect children and adolescents. These disorders have a multifactorial origin and can be associated with restrictive diets, negative feelings, harmful family relationships, and post-traumatic stress. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the association between indicators of eating disorders and family and school contexts in Brazilian adolescents who previously experienced sexual abuse and examine the findings based on sex. National School Health Survey data were utilized. Among 102,301 students between 11 and 19 years of age, 4124 reported having experienced sexual abuse and were included in this study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess participants' health status and the presence of risk behaviors, which were examined through multivariate analysis using a Poisson regression model. The results indicated positive relationships between self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and other purgative methods and infrequent meals with family, hunger, and the presence of violence in students' daily lives, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). In addition, body dissatisfaction and negative feelings about one's body were associated with having been bullied or teased by schoolmates for both sexes (p < 0.05). Distant relationships with parents were associated with purgative methods and body dissatisfaction among female students (p < 0.05). In conclusion, body dissatisfaction, negative feelings about one's body, laxative misuse, self-induced vomiting, and purgative methods were found to be associated with factors in family and school contexts such as hunger, infrequent meals with family, family violence, distant relationships with parents, and bullying at school in adolescents who have previously experienced sexual abuse.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and imbalance of atrophy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is characterized by heterogeneous frontal, insular, and anterior temporal atrophy patterns that vary along left-right and dorso-ventral axes. Little is known about how these structural imbalances impact clinical symptomatology. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of frontotemporal asymmetry (right- or left-lateralization) and dorsality (ventral or dorsal predominance of atrophy) and to investigate their clinical correlates. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural images were analyzed for 250 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal atrophy was most often symmetric while left-lateralized (9%) and right-lateralized (17%) atrophy were present in a minority of patients. Atrophy was more often ventral (32%) than dorsal (3%) predominant. Patients with right-lateralized atrophy were characterized by higher severity of abnormal eating behavior and hallucinations compared to those with left-lateralized atrophy. Subsequent analyses clarified that eating behavior was associated with right atrophy to a greater extent than a lack of left atrophy, and hallucinations were driven mainly by right atrophy. Dorsality analyses showed that anxiety, euphoria, and disinhibition correlated with ventral-predominant atrophy. Agitation, irritability, and depression showed greater severity with a lack of regional atrophy, including in dorsal regions. Aberrant motor behavior and apathy were not explained by asymmetry or dorsality. This study provides additional insight into how anatomical heterogeneity influences the clinical presentation of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Behavioral symptoms can be associated not only with the presence or absence of focal atrophy, but also with right/left or dorsal/ventral imbalance of gray matter volume.

Detection of Orthorexia Nervosa with the Turkish Version of ONI in Dietitians: A Pilot Study

Objective: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is defined pathological condition in which righteous eating obsession. It is known that dietitians may be trend to ON in developing healthy eating habits as a result of nutrition education and dietetic practices. This study aimed to determine ON tendency and eating attitude with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI), which includes all diagnostic criteria, in dietitians in the risk group for ON. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in December 2022 and February 2023 among 206 dietitians in Turkey. Participants completed questionnaire related to individual characteristics, ONI, and Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26). Results: The mean score of ONI in dietitians was 37.5±9.7. The total score of ONI and the median value of all ONI sub-dimensions were statistically significantly higher in dietitians with abnormal eating behavior. There is a positive moderate relationship between the total score of EAT-26 and the total score of ONI (r=0.502, p