Ability Of Laypeople Research Articles

Establishing Clinically Acceptable PES/WES Threshold for Single- Tooth Implant Restoration.

Determining the esthetic success of single-tooth implant restorations (STIR) requires an objective tool such as one devised by Belser et al., 2009 - pink esthetic scores and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). This study aimed to utilized PES/WES to establish threshold scores based on (1) detectability and (2) acceptability of a STIR by lay person perception, (3) to study the difference in the ability of laypeople and dentists in detecting the presence of STIR, and (4) to study the pink and white deficiencies in relation to the detectability of the presence of STIR. A total of 38 calibrated photographs of STIR in the anterior region were scored with PES/WES by 3 prosthodontists. Next, 100 laypeople and 60 dentists were instructed to identify the STIR among the anterior teeth and provide reasoning behind the identification (based on pink and white esthetic criteria). The acceptance of the STIR was recorded. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was utilized to determine the threshold scores. At the PES/WES score of 17, 71% of laypeople could not correctly identify the STIR, and at the PES/WES score of 12, 80% of laypeople accepted the implant. Out of 3,800 occasions, laypeople correctly identified the STIR 1,770 (46.58%) of those occasions. Among the correctly identified STIR, 751 (42.43%) of those occasions were identified with pink deficiencies and 1019 (57.57%) of those occasions were with white deficiencies. Out of 2,280 occasions, dentists correctly identified STIR 1869 (81.98%) of those occasions. The PES/WES score of 12 indicates the clinically acceptable threshold, while the score of 17 indicates the detectable threshold for an exceptional esthetic outcome. Laypeople tend to accept the implant despite its detectability. For both laypeople and dentists, root convexity/soft tissue color and texture are the most focused criteria of PES/WES, followed by overall white deficiencies that remain influential. Compared to laypeople, dentists tend to have a higher ability to detect STIR.

Establishing a Clinically Acceptable PES/WES Threshold for Single-Tooth Implant Restorations.

To determine the esthetic success of single-tooth implant restorations (STIRs) through pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). This study aimed to utilize PES/WES to (1) establish threshold scores based on detectability and acceptability of a STIR by layperson perception, (2) evaluate the difference in the ability of laypeople and dentists to detect the presence of a STIR, and (3) assess the pink and white deficiencies in relation to the detectability of a STIR. A total of 38 calibrated photographs of STIRs in the anterior region were scored with PES/WES by three prosthodontists. Next, 100 laypeople and 60 dentists were instructed to identify the STIR among the anterior teeth and provide reasoning behind the identification (based on pink and white esthetic criteria). The acceptance of the STIR was recorded. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the threshold scores. At the PES/WES score of 17, 71% of laypeople could not correctly identify the STIR, and at the PES/WES score of 12, 80% of laypeople accepted the implant. Out of 3,800 occasions, laypeople correctly identified the STIR in 1,770 (46.58%) of those occasions. Among the correctly identified STIRs, 751 (42.43%) of those occasions were identified with pink deficiencies and 1,019 (57.57%) of those occasions were identified with white deficiencies. Out of 2,280 occasions, dentists correctly identified the STIR in 1,869 (81.98%) of those occasions. A PES/WES score of 12 indicates the clinically acceptable threshold, and a score of 17 indicates the detectable threshold for an exceptional esthetic outcome. Laypeople tend to accept the implant despite its detectability. For both laypeople and dentists, root convexity/soft tissue color and texture are the most focused criteria of PES/WES, followed by overall white deficiencies, which remain influential. Compared to laypeople, dentists tend to have a higher ability to detect STIRs.

Abstract 19197: No Difference in Retention of BLS/AED Skills When Teaching Laypersons Using Four-stage and Two-stage Teaching Technique: A Randomized Comparison

Introduction: The ability of laypersons to perform BLS/AED increases immediately after resuscitation training. Studies indicate that resuscitation skills rapidly decay after initial training, however it is unknown whether teaching technique influence retention of skill. Aim: To study the retention of BLS/AED skills three months after training when teaching laypersons using a four-stage and two-stage teaching technique. Methods: Laypersons (exclusion: health care professionals/students) were randomized to a standardized ERC BLS/AED courses using the four-stage teaching technique or to courses with the same content but modified to a two-stage teaching technique. Participants were tested in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario three months (±five days) after their course to assess retention of BLS/AED. Tests were video recorded and reviewed by two independent assessors blinded to training technique. Skills were assessed using the ERC BLS/AED assessment form. The primary endpoint was passing the test (17 out of 17 skills adequately performed). Results: A total of 160 participants were included in the study. No difference was found in pass rate immediately after training (diff. -1.6%; 95%CI -17.9%; 14.6%). There was no statistical difference in retention of BLS/AED skills (pass rate: both 11%, diff. -0.4%; 95%CI -28%-27%) three months after training . Total average skills adequately performed (of 17) were 13.7 versus 13.3 among laypersons trained with the four-stage (n=64) and the two-stage technique (n=64). No difference was found in number of chest compressions delivered per compression cycle (29±2.8 vs 30±3.1), chest compression rate (107±17 vs 108±19 minute-1), chest compression depth (46±11 vs 43±12 mm), number of effective rescue breaths between compression cycles (1.6±0.7 vs 1.6±0.5) and tidal volume (0.6±0.4 0.7±0.4 L). Conclusion: We found no difference in retention of BLS/AED skills among laypersons taught using a four-stage teaching technique compared to a two-stage teaching technique.

Haptic Detection of Artificial Tumors by Hand and with a Tool in a MIS Environment.

Minimally invasive surgery uses optical cameras and special surgical tools in order to operate from an environment one step removed from the body cavity of interest to the surgeon. It has been suggested that constraints posed by this arrangement, in particular the lack of direct haptic feedback to the surgeon, may affect the surgeon's ability to identify tissues and accurately maneuver inside the body cavity. In the present study, the ability of laypeople to detect artificial tumors of various hardness values embedded in silicone gels was assessed in a simulated MIS environment. Participants explored the gels under three conditions all with remote viewing; using the unrestricted bare finger, using a stick-like surgical tool also unrestricted, and using the surgical tool restricted by its insertion through an operating port as in MIS. Participants were significantly more accurate and more efficient at tumor detection with the finger as compared to the other methods of exploration, and they were also better at detecting harder tumors as compared to softer ones. The potential implications of these results for the role of haptic perception in minimally invasive surgery are discussed.

Ability of Laypersons to Utilize the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

Ability of Laypersons to Utilize the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale