Ability Of Hyaluronic Acid Research Articles

Hyaluronic acid dressing of hydrophobic carbon nanodots: A self-assembling strategy of hybrid nanocomposites with theranostic potential

We propose a rational design of hyaluronic acid-dressed red-emissive carbon dots (CDs), with a well-structured hydrophobic core capable of locally delivering high amount doxorubicin (Doxo) (> 9% w/w) and heat (hyperthermia) in a light stimuli sensitive fashion. We combined in a unique micelle-like superstructure the peculiar optical properties of CDs (NIR photothermal conversion and red fluorescence) with the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) shell of stabilizing nanomedicines in aqueous environment and recognizing cancer cells overexpressing CD44 receptors on their membranes, thus giving rise to smart theranostic agents useful in cancer imaging and NIR-triggered chemo-phototherapy of solid tumors. Hydrophobic CDs, named HCDs, were used as functional beads to self-assemble amphiphilic HA derivatives carrying polylactic acid side chains (HA-g-PLA), yielding to light-sensitive and biodegradable core-shell superstructures. We explored the biocompatibility and synergistic effects of chemo-phototherapy combination, together with fluorescence imaging, showing the huge potential of the proposed engineering strategy in improving efficacy. Chemical compoundsUnlabelled TableCompound nameCAS numberPubChem CIDUrea57-13-61176Citric acid77-92-9311Octylamine111-86-48143Doxorubicin23214-92-831703N,N′-dicicloesilcarbodiimmide538-75-010868N-Hydroxysuccinimide6066-82-680170Poly(D,l-lactide) acid terminated26680-10-485305615Hyaluronic acid067-32-724759Triethylamine121-44-88471Diethylamine109-89-78021

Hyaluronic acid drugs in the treatment of joint pathology (literature review)

On the base of literature review the possibility of hyaluronic acid application in the treatment of patients with arthritis and diseases of joint adjacent tissues was assessed. hyaluronic acid is important component of joint tissues, provides its normal function. At arthritis changes appear normal concentration of hyaluronic acid and its molecular weight decreases, it can lead to the violation of structural and biomechanical joint properties. Increasing of the level of hyaluronic acid in the joint due to intraarticular injections can help to restore viscosity properties of synovial fluid, provides chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory and pain relief actions. The most studied mechanism of hyaluronic acid is its ability to connect with CD44, due to this interleikin 1β, 6 and 8, prostaglandin E2, metalloproteinase expression are suppressed. Hyaluronic acid promotes the synthesis of chondral matrix (proteoglycans and collagen), decreases the frequency of chondrocytes apoptosis. Ability of hyaluronic acid to activate the migration of slightly differentiated cells and proliferation of fibroblasts could use it for the treatment of joint pathology. The results of the most of the studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis tell about positive clinical appliance of hyaluronic acid drugs in the treatment of arthritis of the I–III stages. But the efficacy of such medicines depends on its origin, molecular weight, elasticity and duration of treatment. New direction of intraarticular therapy is combination of hyaluronic acid with chondroitin sulfate, which provide symptomatic and chondromodification action. For the discovery of the full mechanism of influence further studies must be performed. Drugs Sertobec can be medical drugs for the treatment of patients with arthritis and diseases of joint adjacent tissues.

Modification of timolol release from silicone hydrogel model contact lens materials using hyaluronic acid.

The ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) to act as a functional additive in model silicone hydrogel contact lenses to alter the uptake and release characteristics of timolol was investigated. Model contact lenses were prepared using 2 primary formulations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 3-methacryloxypropyltris (trimethylsiloxy) silane (TRIS) in a 9:1 (wt:wt) ratio or N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) with TRIS in a 1:1 (wt:wt) ratio. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used as the cross-linker. Four different model lens compositions were explored: unmodified controls, lenses containing HA, lenses that were molecularly imprinted with timolol maleate, and those that were both imprinted and contained HA. Model lenses were then used in subsequent materials characterization, drug loading, and drug release studies. Hyaluronic acid was shown to have the ability to act as a functional additive in these model contact lenses, significantly increasing the drug loading and release mass. This ability seemed to be independent of molecular imprinting, but its efficacy was related to the concentration of HA contained within model lenses and the concentration of drug loading solution used to facilitate uptake. Timolol release was sustained for a duration of approximately 2 days, and the dose of drug was shown to be controlled by both HA-drug interactions and molecular imprinting within the silicone hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid, although different than typical functional monomers used in molecular imprinting, can be a useful additive to modify the mass of drug release from model silicone hydrogel lenses.

Anionic Polymers Reverse Serum Inhibition of Pulmonary Surfactant by Promoting Accumulation of Surfactant Near the Air-Liquid Interface

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common pathology, including a spectrum of respiratory diseases associated with lung injury, and exhibiting a high overall mortality and morbidity rate. Inactivation of surfactant by serum and inflammatory components leaked into the alveolar spaces is considered as an important pathogenic factor within ARDS.The mechanism by which inhibition is taking place depends on the nature of the inhibitory substance and could affect either the ability of surfactant to adsorb into the air-water interface or the ability of surfactant films themselves to reach the lowest surface tensions along the compression-expansion breathing cycles. Up to now, different polymers have proven to be useful to reverse or prevent inactivation of surfactant. We have explored the performance of inhibited surfactant and potential reactivating conditions using a fluorescent high-throughput method that detects and quantitates accumulation of surfactant near the air-liquid interface. This accumulation can be correlated in a first step with the concomitant decrease in surface tension that occurs when surface active lipids are transferred into the air-exposed side. Using this method we have evaluated inhibition of native porcine surfactant and of several clinical surfactants by serum, and the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) to reverse or prevent this inhibition. A comparison was also made with the effect of other polymers. In general terms, presence of polymers in the subphase increases significantly the amount of surfactant associated with interfacial regions and seems to overcome, at least partially, the barrier to adsorption imposed by serum. Results obtained from a massive number of samples showed a very high reproducibility and a high correlation with data obtained using traditional methods to assess surfactant activity, such as surface balances or the Captive Bubble Surfactometer.

Role of protein components of proteoglycans in steric exclusion of cells

Polymers differing in the content of their protein components have been obtained from hyaluronic acid (HUA), naturally occurring protein-chondroitin-keratan sulfate (PCKS) complexes, and proteoglycan aggregates (PA). Using suspensions of rabbit erythrocytes in salt solution as an experimental model of isolated cells, it is shown that the activity of proteoglycans as factors of steric erythrocyte exclusion to a separate phase depends on the percentage content of protein components in the polymers. The ability of HUA- and PA-derived polymers to effect steric exclusion increases with an increase in the content of their protein component.

Effects of hyaluronic acid on the development of 1- and 2-cell porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage in vitro

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of hyaluronic acid to improve the development of 1- and 2-cell porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage in a simple medium. In Experiment 1, we confirmed the ability of Whitten's medium supplemented with 15 mg/ml BSA to support the development of porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage under our experimental conditions. Embryos collected from oviducts were cultured at 38.5 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO(2) in humidified air up to 6 d. After 2 d of culture, 82 and 78% of embryos reached the 4-cell stage or beyond in TCM199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and in Whitten's medium with BSA, respectively. However, no embryo developed to the morula stage in TCM199 after 6 d of culture. On the other hand, 26 and 15% of embryos developed to the morula and the blastocyst stage in Whitten's medium, respectively. In Experiment 2, we determined whether supplementation of hyaluronic acid in Whitten's medium would improve the development of porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage. After 6 d of culture, development of the embryos to the blastocyst stage was best supported in Whitten's medium with 4 mg/ml BSA and 0.5 mg/ml hyaluronic acid (70%). The proportion of degenerated embryos was lower in the presence than in the absence of hyaluronic acid. These results indicate that the supplementation of Whitten's medium with hyaluronic acid improves the development of 1- and 2-cell porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage.

A hyaluronate binding protein transiently codistributes with p21 k- ras in cultured cell lines

Hyaluronate (HA) affects the migratory and adhesive properties of cells. HABP, one of the sites which bind HA, localizes in the ruffling lamellae of normal migrating fibroblasts. Similarly, p21 in K- ras oncogene-transformed cells appears enhanced in membrane ruffles. To investigate the possibility that p21 and HABP are functionally linked, their subcellular distribution in two K- ras-transformed lines was examined by double label immunofluorescence and correlated with motility. In both lines, the majority of cells were p21 k- ras and HABP positive at 24 h after subculture. However, immunofluorescence for HABP both decreased and relocated, from ruffles and cell processes to cell bodies, with time whereas the intensity and distribution of staining for p21 remained constant. In doubly positive cells, HABP and p21 colocalized in the ruffles at 24 h, but not at 72 h after subculture. The times after subculture at which changes in the immunofluorescent pattern of HABP occurred differed with cell type and correlated with their migratory rate. Thus, the migratory rate of KNRK cells, which was less than in the K-C3H-10T1/2 cells, correlated with both an earlier decrease in HABP and an earlier loss of codistribution between HABP and p21 compared to K-C3H-10T1/2 cells. Further evidence of a functional link between HABP and p21 k- ras was suggested by the ability of hyaluronic acid, which induces ruffling in K-C3H-10T1/2 cells, to promote the coassociation of p21 k- ras and HABP. These results demonstrate a transient codistribution of p21 and HABP, in ruffles, that is possibly related to migratory activity and/or cell-surface changes following subculture.