Ability Of Daily Life Research Articles

Visuospatial working memory and (free and cued) recall of survey knowledge after environment navigation.

Navigating environments is a fundamental ability of daily life, with survey knowledge playing a crucial role. Survey knowledge varies between individuals, and these variations may be related to individual differences in visuospatial working memory (VSWM) ability. However, other factors, such as the modalities of recall (cued vs. free recall) of survey knowledge, could interact with VSWM resources. The present study aimed to clarify whether various types of VSWM contribute to survey knowledge under specific recall modalities or regardless of how spatial information is retrieved. A sample of 74 young adults performed VSWM tasks with varying processing demands and degrees of active involvement. Then, they actively learned a virtual city path in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) environment, and their survey knowledge was assessed using a sketch map task in free and cued recall modalities (within-participants). Cued recall demonstrated an advantage in sketch map accuracy over free recall. VSWM with simultaneous processing and active mental imagery is associated with sketch map accuracy, but not other VSWM. Importantly, no interaction was found between VSWM and the modality of recall. Therefore, survey knowledge is primarily related to VSWM, regardless of recall modality, emphasizing the importance of VSWM ability in capturing survey knowledge after active navigation.

Correlation between the physical activity volume and cognitive and mental capacity among older adult people in China: a cross-sectional study based on the 2020 CHARLS database.

Currently, due to the progress of the aging population in China and the government's attention to healthy aging, there is an increasing emphasis on the cognitive function and psychological function of older adult people. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationships between physical activity and cognitive and psychological function in order to provide recommendations for exercise guidance. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess mental capacity, and cognitive function was evaluated across three domains: orientation, memory and calculation. Total physical activity data were obtained via interviews. Ability of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Ability of Daily Living (IADL) scores were used to determine the presence or absence of daily physical function impairment. Finally, we conducted correlation analysis and logistic regression on participants' physical activity volume (PAV) and their cognitive and psychological functions, respectively. A total of 5,871 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The prevalence of depression was 8.1, and 31.6% of the older adult participants reported experienced depressive symptoms. Additionally, 15.6% of the older adult individuals had insufficient weekly physical activity, while 3.9% had daily physical function (DPF) impairment. Physical activity volume (PAV) was negatively correlated with the CESD-10 score, as well as with orientation, calculation, and memory. Our study confirmed that inactive weekly physical activity was associated with an increased risk of depression, cognitive impairment, and DPF impairment among older adult individuals in China.

The Effectiveness of Motor Imagery in Balance and Functional Status of Older People with Early-Stage Dementia.

Dementia involves the loss of cognitive abilities and impairs functional abilities in daily life. In motor imagery (MI) techniques, motor acts are mentally rehearsed without any overt body movements. The purpose of the randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of MI on the motor function of older adults with dementia. Overall, 160 participants (43 men, 117 women, MMSE M = 23.20, SD = 0.15) from an Athens Day Care Center of the Alzheimer Association were randomized to (a) the MI and exercise group (experimental group) (n = 55), (b) the only exercise group (1st control group) (n = 52) and (c) the neither MI nor exercise group (2nd control group) (n = 53). The exercise session comprised 24 physiotherapy exercise sessions, lasting 45 min each, twice a week for 12 weeks. The exercises were selected from the Otago Exercise Program. Three assessments were performed: (a) one week prior to the program, (b) at one and a half months and (c) after the program. The experimental group performed a 30-minute MI with exercise program content after the end of every physiotherapy exercise session. The Multidirectional Reach Test, Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to assess participants' balance and functional status. In the intention to treat analysis (18 participants dropped out), the 3 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA indicated statistically significant results between the three groups on (a) the TUG (F = 3.06, df (2), p = 0.04), (b) the FTSST (F = 3.00, df (2), p = 0.05), (c) the forward direction test (F = 4.14 df (2), p = 0.02), the lateral right and the lateral left direction tests (F = 3.90, df (2), p = 0.02 and F = 7.87, df (2), p = 0.00, respectively), and (d) the FGA (F = 4.35, df (2), p = 0.01). The Friedman test showed significant statistical significant differences among the three groups for BBS (X2 = 7.62, df = 2, p = 0.22), and an effect size of partial η2 coefficient for F-tests was found. Post hoc comparisons using a Bonferroni test for ANOVA and Wilcoxon test for Friedman indicated that the mean scores for the experimental group and the 1st control were significantly better than the 2rd control group in many dependent variables. The study showed a positive effect of MI on balance and the functional status of older adults with early stages of dementia with possible beneficial effects on maintaining independence and reducing physical decline.

Transition from pediatric to adult care system in patients with complex epilepsies: Necker model for transition evaluated on 70 consecutive patients.

Complex epilepsies such as epileptic and developmental encephalopathies require multidisciplinary care throughout life. A coordinated transition program is therefore essential to provide optimal support for patients leaving pediatric for adult care. The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate our transition program for complex epilepsies, focusing on the last step in this program, that is, the multidisciplinary transition day hospital (MTDH). We performed a retrospective observational study including patients with complex epilepsies who underwent the full steps of the transition program at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital between May 2021 and June 2023, with a follow-up until February 2024. We described the cohort and detailed the interventions performed during the MTDH including medical, medicosocial, educational, daily life abilities, and laboratory and imaging assessments with the participation of one member of the adult team. We evaluated two indicators of our program: (1) the "adult first clinic attendance rate," defined by the percentage of patients attending their first adult clinic; and (2) the "return rate," defined by the percentage of patients who requested a pediatric encounter after their transfer. Our cohort included 70 patients with a mean age of 19.1 years (interquartile range = 16.3-19.5). Eighty percent had an epilepsy syndrome diagnosis; 72.8% were treated with three or more antiseizure medications. All patients had their appointment at the adult clinic within 6 months of the day hospital, and only two families requested a pediatric encounter after the transfer. The transition program is key for an optimal transfer of patients with complex epilepsies to adult care. It requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach and provides a complete summary of the medical record. Our program secures a smooth landing in adult care and is a promising model to better manage the challenging transition process, especially in patients with complex epilepsy.

Research progress on melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin in sleep disorders of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Sleep disorders are among the common comorbidities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which not only affect the daily life and learning ability of children but may also exacerbate other symptoms of ASD, seriously impacting the quality of life of children and their families. Given this, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of sleep disorders in children with ASD has significant research value for developing effective intervention strategies. Melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin are key neurotransmitters that regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Through in-depth analysis of the biological functions and regulatory pathways of these neurotransmitters, new perspectives may be provided for personalized treatment of sleep disorders in children with ASD. This article reviews the research progress on melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin in sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder, focusing on exploring the mechanisms of these key neurotransmitters in sleep disorders of children with ASD and how they affect the sleep-wake cycle, providing a theoretical basis for improving the sleep quality of children with ASD.

Prevalence and Predictive factors of Post-Stroke Depression in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction.

Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) has a high mortality and disability, which brings a heavy burden to the medical and health system. This study aims to discover the clinical prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with ACI, explore the predictive factors leading to this complication, and provide more evidence for better identification of PSD in clinic. From April 2021 to April 2023, this retrospective study selected 166 ACI patients as the research subjects, collected clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators at baseline, and observed the prevalence of PSD using the Hamilton depression scale 17 and the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Multiple logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the predictive factors of PSD in patients with ACI. The total incidence of PSD was 35.54% in 166 patients with ACI. The score of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the score of daily life ability scale (ADL), and homocysteine (Hcy) level in the PSD group were higher than non-PSD group (P NIHSS < .001, P ADL < .001, P Hcy = .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high Hcy levels, NIHSS scores, and ADL scores were independent risk factors for PSD (P Hcy =.038, P NIHSS =.002, P ADL <.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that areas under curve (AUC) = 0.894, standard errora = 0.025, progressive significanceb <.001, 95% CI = 0.845-0.943, cut-off value = 0.520, sensitivity = 91.60%, specificity = 74.60%, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P = .246, suggesting that ROC curve has a certain clinical predictive efficacy. The prevalence of early PSD in patients with ACI is relatively high. Homocysteine levels, NIHSS scores and ADL scores may be independent risk factors for PSD, and targeted clinical intervention should be implemented for the above factors.

Gait Analysis of Elderly and Young People Based on Joint Angles and Positions

For the elderly, the motor function of walking is significant for the maintenance and improvement of their quality of life (QOL). Walking patterns have been postulated to be associated with a decline in walking ability. The objective of this study was to develop a wearable sensor that can capture changes in walking ability in daily life. To this end, motion capture was employed to measure the lower limb joint angles and the trajectories of the lower limbs and knees for each subject while walking at a normal walking speed and to compare the results between elderly and young patients. The differences in walking patterns between the elderly and young patients were analyzed in terms of elevation angles, and an index was calculated to capture changes during walking based on elevation angles and trajectories.

Development and validation of frailty risk prediction model for elderly patients with coronary heart disease

ObjectiveTo analyze the influential factors of frailty in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), develop a nomogram-based risk prediction model for this population, and validate its predictive performance.MethodsA total of 592 elderly patients with CHD were conveniently selected and enrolled from 3 tertiary hospitals, 5 secondary hospitals, and 3 community health service centers in China between October 2022 and January 2023. Data collection involved the use of the general information questionnaire, the Frail scale, and the instrumental ability of daily living assessment scale. And the patients were categorized into two groups based on frailty, and χ2 test as well as logistic regression analysis were used to identify and determine the influencing factors of frailty. The nomograph prediction model for elderly patients with CHD was developed using R software (version 4.2.2). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed to assess the predictive performance of the model. Additionally, the Bootstrap resampling method was utilized to validate the model and generate the calibration curve of the prediction model.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in elderly patients with CHD was 30.07%. The multiple factor analysis revealed that poor health status (OR = 28.169)/general health status (OR = 18.120), age (OR = 1.046), social activities (OR = 0.673), impaired instrumental ability of daily living (OR = 2.384) were independent risk factors for frailty (all P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the nomograph prediction model was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.809 ~ 0.878, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 0.801, and specificity of 0.793; the Hosmer- Lemeshow χ2 value was 12.646 (P = 0.125). The model validation results indicated that the C value of 0.839(95% CI: 0.802 ~ 0.879) and Brier score of 0.139, demonstrating good consistency between predicted and actual values.ConclusionThe prevalence of frailty is high among elderly patients with CHD, and it is influenced by various factors such as health status, age, lack of social participation, and impaired ability of daily life. These factors have certain predictive value for identifying frailty early and intervention in elderly patients with CHD.

RhPro-UK in acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h of stroke onset trial-2 (the PROST-2 study): Rationale and design of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, controlled phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Recombinant prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a specific plasmin activator, which has been approved to treat acute myocardial infarction in China. This phase 3 trial aimed to further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of rhPro-UK in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 h of symptom onset. RhPro-UK in AIS within 4.5 h of stroke onset trial-2 (PROST-2) is a multicenter, prospective randomized, open-label, blinded end-point, non-inferiority, recombinant tissue plasmin activator (rt-PA)-controlled, phase 3 trial. A total of 1552 patients who are eligible for intravenous thrombolytic therapy from 72 clinical sites will be randomly assigned to receive either rhPro-UK 35 mg (15 mg bolus + 20 mg infusion/30 min) or rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg (10% bolus + 90% infusion/1 h). The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at 90 days. Secondary efficacy outcomes include the proportion of patients with mRS score of 0-2, the distribution of mRS, self-care ability in daily life on the Barthel Index at 90 days, the proportion of subjects with ⩾ 4 points decrease in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or NIHSS score ⩽ 1 from baseline at 24 h and 7 days after treatment. Safety outcomes are symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and major systematic bleeding within 7 days as well as death from all causes within 90 days. The results from the PROST-2 trial will comprehensively elucidate the efficacy and safety profile of rhPro-UK as a potential alternative agent for stroke thrombolysis. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT05700591.

The effect of horse riding simulator on upper extremity skills, trunk control and functionality in cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of horse riding simulator on upper extremity skills, trunk control and functionality in cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and methods This randomized controlled trial included total 32 CP, 16 in horse riding simulator group (HRSG) and 16 in control group (CG). ABILHAND-Kids, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), Gross Motor Function Measurement-sitting dimension (GMFM-B), Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) were evaluated before and after procedure. Results It was observed that there were improvements in both groups for ABILHAND-Kids scores after intervention, but the change in HRSG was significantly higher (p < 0.001). For all parameters of JTHFT (except writing dominant, non-dominant, turning cards-dominant), there was a significant difference between groups in favor of HRSG (p < 0.001-0.002). There was no change in GMFM-B values with intervention for both groups (p > 0.05). There were significant changes in favor of HRSG group in terms TCMS-Total (p = 0.003). There were significant changes in HRSG compared to CG for PEDI (pPEDI-Self-care<0.001, pPEDI-Mobility<0.001, pPEDI-Social function=0.016, respectively). Conclusions It has been found that HRS in addition to conventional physiotherapy have positive effects on upper extremity skills, trunk control and functional abilities in daily life in the rehabilitation process of CP. The study protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05518370).

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by meta-analysis, in order to provide evidence-based evidence for the application of acupuncture therapy in the clinical process of AD. From the establishment of the database to December 31, 2022, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP database, WanFang Database, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database were systematically searched. To collect published randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTS) of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD. The subjects in the intervention group were given acupuncture alone or combined with other treatments the same as the control group; the control group received conventional Western medicine treatment. The main outcome indicators of the study were cognitive function assessment of subjects, including: Simple Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE), Assessment of daily Living Ability Scale (ADL), Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), TCM syndrome score (SDSD), Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA), Secondary outcome indicators were the occurrence of adverse reactions. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included literature were performed independently by two researchers, according to bias risk assessment tools recommended in the Cochrane manual. Data were analyzed by RevMan5.3 software. Dichotomous variables were represented by risk ratio (OR) and 95% CI, and continuity variables were represented by mean difference (MD) and 95% CI. For heterogeneity analysis, when P > 0.1 and I 2 ≤ 50%, fixed effect model was applied. When P ≤ 0.1 and I 2 > 50%, the random effects model is applied. A total of 1,172 eligible subjects were included in 18 RCTS, including 595 in the intervention group and 577 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis are as follows: acupuncture intervention group improved MMSE [MD = 1.67, 95% CI (0.94, 2.41), P < 0.00001], ADL [MD = -1.18, 95% CI (-3.09, 0.72), P = 0.22], ADAS-Cog [MD = 3.31, 95% CI (5.84, 0.78), P = 0.01], SDSD [MD = 2.40, 95% CI (3.53, 1.26), P < 0.0001], MoCA [MD = 4.80, 95% CI (3.74, 5.86), P = 0.04] were better than the control group. No serious adverse reactions related to acupuncture were observed in the intervention group, and the incidence and severity of adverse reactions were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance [OR = 0.17, 95% CI (0.04, 0.67), P = 0.01]. Existing data show that acupuncture therapy has certain advantages in improving cognitive dysfunction and improving self-care ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, due to the small number of RCTS and cases evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture, and the possibility of measurement bias and selectivity bias in included studies, it is still unable to conduct high-intensity demonstration on its effectiveness. Further large-scale, high-quality randomized, double-blind controlled trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy. https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-12-0125/, identifier: INPLASY2021120125.

Exploring the Efficacy of a Remote Strategy-Based Intervention for People With Multiple Sclerosis With Everyday Memory Impairments: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study evaluates a remote strategy-based intervention for individuals with multiple sclerosis who experience everyday memory impairments. The intervention can potentially inform cognitive rehabilitation for this population. To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention (TELE-Self-GEN) to determine whether it can alleviate everyday memory impairments of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Pretest-posttest. Community. Ten adults with multiple sclerosis. Six synchronous treatment sessions were delivered online via Zoom. The treatment protocol embedded a memory strategy (self-generated learning) within a metacognitive framework, including self-awareness and self-management strategies. The treatment emphasizes when and how self-generation should be used. Measurements assessed feasibility and participants' satisfaction with the intervention and its delivery method, as well as memory, everyday memory, and functional performance. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the virtual treatment, highlighting its convenience as a key factor. Treatment resulted in improvements in memory performance, perceived memory ability in daily life, and functional performance. Results provide initial proof of concept in the utilization of a remotely delivered, strategy-based treatment approach to improve memory performance and functional abilities. The pilot data support a larger randomized clinical trial of the TELE-self-GEN. Plain-Language Summary: The results of this pilot study highlight the promising potential of TELE-self-GEN for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), who face memory challenges every day. This remotely delivered, strategy-based occupational therapy treatment approach, TELE-self-GEN, has the potential to significantly improve functional memory. The study participants reported improvements in their memory performance, perceived memory ability in daily life, and functional performance. These encouraging results serve as a foundation for more extensive clinical trials using TELE-self-GEN for people with MS.

Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment: A systematic and a network meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modes in stroke patients with cognitive impairment, and to rank the best option according to the outcome measures. Literature was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database, from database inception to September 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of all rTMS modes for post-stroke cognitive impairment. The selected studies assessed at least one of the following outcome measures: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), P300 latency and amplitude, and modified Barthel Index (MBI) or BI. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction. Quality assessment was performed using RevMan 5.3 software based on the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and statistical analysis was conducted by GeMTC 0.14.3 software and Stata 17.0 software. The network meta-analysis included 74 RCTs with a total of 5478 patients. The best probability ranking indicated that intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) was the most effective in enhancing MoCA, MMSE and MBI scores (85%, 54%, 42%, respectively), followed by 10HzrTMS (79%, 50%, 39%, respectively), for P300 amplitude, ≤1HzrTMS was ranked first (52%). The current limited evidence suggests that iTBS may be the optimal approach for improving cognitive and daily life abilities of stroke patients, followed by 10HzrTMS, ≤1HzrTMS may be the preferred option for enhancing P300 amplitude. PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023424771 available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=424771.

EXPLORING COGNITIVE ABILITIES: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY INTO THE EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS RAISING CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The aim of this study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of parents regarding the development of cognitive abilities in their children with intellectual disability (ID) with a focus on understanding parental perspectives, challenges, and strategies employed in fostering cognitive growth in their children with ID. Understanding how parents perceive the abilities of their children with (ID) in Pakistan is crucial for developing effective diagnostic tool, educational programs and support services tailored to their needs. Given the lifelong limitations associated with ID, gaining insight into parental perspectives can serve as a gateway to implementing targeted interventions that aim to enhance cognitive development and overall well-being in this population. The study employed a qualitative research paradigm, with a purposive sample of 15 participants selected. Data collection involved conducting focus group discussions, and analysis was conducted using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The findings highlighted two primary themes: Impaired Cognitive Abilities, specifically focusing on reasoning, problem-solving, and the consequences of these impairments. Mothers expressed concerns about their children with ID demonstrating limited planning, problem-solving, and reasoning abilities in daily life, which significantly affects their integration into society. Consequently, there is a strong emphasis on the necessity to develop an indigenous tool for diagnosing and measuring progress, along with a related curriculum that prioritizes these core skills.

Effects of robot-assisted upper limb training combined with functional electrical stimulation in stroke patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionAbout 17–80% stroke survivors experience the deficit of upper limb function, which strongly influences their independence and quality of life. Robot-assisted training and functional electrical stimulation are commonly used interventions in the rehabilitation of hemiplegia upper extremities, while the effect of their combination remains unclear. The aim of this trial is to explore the effect of robot-assisted upper limb training combined with functional electrical stimulation, in terms of neuromuscular rehabilitation, compared with robot-assisted upper limb training alone.MethodsIndividuals (n = 60) with the first onset of stroke (more than 1 week and less than 1 year after stroke onset) will be considered in the recruitment of this single-blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial. Participants will be allocated into three groups (robot-assisted training combined with functional electrical stimulation group, robot-assisted training group, and conventional rehabilitation therapies group) with a ratio of 1:1:1. All interventions will be executed for 45 min per session, one session per day, 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. The neuromuscular function of the upper limb (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper extremity), ability of daily life (modified Barthel Index), pain (visual analogue scale), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) will be assessed at the baseline, at the end of this trial and after 3 months follow-up. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to compare the outcomes if the data are normally distributed. Simple effects tests will be used for the further exploration of interaction effects by time and group. Scheirer-Ray-Hare test will be used if the data are not satisfied with normal distribution.DiscussionWe expect this three-arm randomized controlled trial to explore the effectiveness of robot-assisted training combined with functional electrical stimulation in improving post-stroke upper limb function compared with robot-assisted training alone.Trial registrationEffect of upper limb robot on improving upper limb function after stroke, identifier: ChiCTR2300073279. Registered on 5 July 2023.

Nursing intervention and quality feedback guided by stress system theory in neurological function recovery and post-traumatic growth of patients with acute primary cerebral hemorrhage

Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention and quality feedback guided by stress system theory on neurological function recovery and post-traumatic growth in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 120 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to November 2023 were selected, 47 patients in the control group received routine medical care, and 73 patients in the observation group were added nursing intervention measures under the guidance of stress system theory on this basis. The effects of the intervention were evaluated by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Barthel index (BI) and Chinese scale of clinical neurological impairment in stroke patients (CSS). Results After intervention, the PTGI score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001), indicating that the nursing intervention effectively alleviated the anxiety and depression of patients. At the same time, the BI index of the observation group was significantly increased, and the CSS score was significantly decreased (p < 0.001), indicating that the patients’ self-care ability of daily life and the recovery level of neurological function were significantly improved. Conclusion Nursing intervention and quality feedback strategy under the guidance of stress system theory can effectively improve the neurological recovery ability and post-traumatic growth level of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and has a significant effect on improving the psychological state and quality of life of patients.

Beyond gait speed: exploring the added value of Inertial Measurement Unit-based measurements of gait in the estimation of the walking ability in daily life.

Gait speed is often used to estimate the walking ability in daily life in people after stroke. While measuring gait with inertial measurement units (IMUs) during clinical assessment yields additional information, it remains unclear if this information can improve the estimation of the walking ability in daily life beyond gait speed. We evaluated the additive value of IMU-based gait features over a simple gait-speed measurement in the estimation of walking ability in people after stroke. Longitudinal data during clinical stroke rehabilitation were collected. The assessment consisted of two parts and was administered every three weeks. In the first part, participants walked for two minutes (2MWT) on a fourteen-meter path with three IMUs attached to low back and feet, from which multiple gait features, including gait speed, were calculated. The dimensionality of the corresponding gait features was reduced with a principal component analysis. In the second part, gait was measured for two consecutive days using one ankle-mounted IMU. Next, three measures of walking ability in daily life were calculated, including the number of steps per day, and the average and maximal gait speed. A gait-speed-only Linear Mixed Model was used to estimate the association between gait speed and each of the three measures of walking ability. Next, the principal components (PC), derived from the 2MWT, were added to the gait-speed-only model to evaluate if they were confounders or effect modifiers. Eighty-one participants were measured during rehabilitation, resulting in 198 2MWTs and 135 corresponding walking-performance measurements. 106 Gait features were reduced to nine PCs with85.1% explained variance. The linear mixed models demonstrated that gait speed was weakly associated with the average and maximum gait speed in daily life and moderately associated with the number of steps per day. The PCs did not considerably improve the outcomes in comparison to the gait speed only models. Gait in people after stroke assessed in a clinical setting with IMUs differs from their walking ability in daily life. More research is needed to determine whether these discrepancies also occur in non-laboratory settings, and to identify additional non-gait factors that influence walking ability in daily life.

Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with different chronic respiratory diseases during hospitalization.

The impact of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on patients with different chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) during hospitalization has not been thoroughly evaluated before. The objectives of the current research were to assess the effect of comprehensive PR management on inpatients' self-management skills, exercise capacity, nutrition assessment and mental health issues and explore whether impacts of PR vary in different CRDs. This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data from 272 inpatients with CRDs receiving PR management during hospitalization between October 2020 and March 2022 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. Significant improvements were found in the patients' ability of daily living (ADL), dyspnea (assessed by modified medical research council dyspnea scale (MMRC)), handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, anxiety (using the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7)) and depression (the 9-item patient health questionnaire score (PHQ-9)). There was no significant change in nutrition assessment pre-post PR management during hospitalization. The subgroup analyses were conducted on hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, asthma, interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and other CRDs (e.g., lung cancer, diaphragm hemiparesis, obesity, etc.). The results showed that ADL, MMRC score, MIP, MEP, PHQ-9 score improved in all subgroups with CRDs. Handgrip strength of left hand was increased in COPD inpatients and anxiety was improved in all subgroups except for ILDs. Comprehensive PR management was necessary and beneficial for patients with different CRDs during hospitalization.

The Effects of Prospective Memory Intervention on Language Ability and Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease

Objectives: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by an early decline in memory and cognitive functions, leading to impairments in language abilities and difficulties in communication as the disease progresses. Therefore, the need for early diagnosis and intervention in AD is considered critical; and maintaining and improving Prospective Memory (PM) is reported to aid in enhancing complex cognitive functions. This study aimed to explore the changes observed before and after PM intervention using External Memory Aids (EMA) in elderly individuals with AD.Methods: This study was conducted with 7 elderly individuals with mild AD, over three weeks with 12 sessions, four times a week. The intervention was based on a protocol consisting of three stages using the Prospective Memory Task (PMT) developed for this research: 1) reading texts, 2) answering wh-questions, and 3) utilizing EMA.Results: Significant improvements were showed after the intervention in performance of intervention and non-intervention PMT, immediate recall of words and story, naming, and K-MMSE, indicating the generalized effects of the intervention. However, there were no significant improvements in delayed recall, verb fluency and Activities of Daily Living.Conclusion: The use of EMA in PM intervention appeared to positively impact the language abilities and overall cognitive functions of elderly AD patients, suggesting that the activated PM through the intervention could lead to improvements in general cognitive functions.

The Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Dietary Formula on the Ability of Daily Life and Physical Function in Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

We aimed to examine the association of traditional Chinese herbal dietary formulas with ability of daily life and physical function in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. The current study included 60 cases of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment from Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hongkou District, Shanghai. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: group A (herbal dietary formula group, consisting of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Nelumbinis plumula, Chinese Yam, Poria cocos, and Jineijin), 30 cases, and group B (vitamin E), 30 cases, treatment for 3 months. Cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); body function was measured using the Chinese Simplified Physical Performance Test (CMPPT), including stand static balance, sitting-up timing, squat timing, and six-meter walk timing. Daily life based on ability was measured by grip strength and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). The lower the scores of the above items, the poorer the disease degree, except for ADL: the lower the score, the higher the self-care ability. After 3 months of treatment, the two-handed grip strength of both the herbal dietary formula group and vitamin E group increased; the ADL, sitting-up timing, squatting timing, and six-meter walking timing decreased after medication, being statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The two-handed grip strength of group A increased significantly, and the ADL, sitting-up timing, squatting timing, and six-meter walking timing decreased distinctly compared with the vitamin E group. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The scores of MMSE, MOCA, total CMPPT, and standing static balance of the herbal dietary formula group increased after medication. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The vitamin E group's MMSE and MOCA scores, CMPPT total scores, and standing resting balance scores did not change significantly after medication (p > 0.05). In summary, a traditional Chinese herbal dietary formula can improve body and cognitive function in patients with MCI, and the curative effect is better than that of vitamin E. Traditional Chinese herbal dietary formulas can improve the daily life quality of MCI patients, which has clinical application value.