Abacterial Prostatitis Research Articles

Cytokine Status Disorders and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis of Non-Inflammatory Nature

Relevance. Chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) of a non-inflammatory nature remains a complex disease in terms of proven etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. Recent studies define it as a nosology based on homeostasis disorders with damaging effects directed towards the prostate. Pathogenetically, this is cytokine aseptic inflammation and lipid peroxidation, which occurs under conditions of compromised antioxidant protection. Objective — to study the cytokine status in the experimental reproduction of non-inflammatory CAP models.Materials and methods. 100 male white rats were studied, 25 formed a control group, and the remaining ones were divided into 3 equal groups for experiments on creating various models of CAP and systemic chronic stress. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken and the prostate was removed to obtain a homogenate. The substrates were used to determine pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results. In the isolated CAP model of category IIIB, cytokine disorders were detected in prostate tissue (to a greater extent), and at the systemic level (to a lesser extent). The model of systemic immobilization stress proved the possibility of triggering cytokine disorders in prostate tissue characteristic of CAP IIIB. Severe homeostasis disorders at the systemic and local levels were observed in experiments where both systemic stress and the local CAP model were modeled.Conclusion. Cytokine imbalance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of СAP IIIB. At the same time, systemic and organ cytokine disorders interact with each other and, under certain circumstances, aggravate the damaging effect of each other.

Comparative analysis of the microbiota of prostate secretion in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis of categories IIIa and IIIb

Numerous studies have established that chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS) is the focus of attention of the global medical community, because it is the most common type of disease, the treatment of which has largely unsatisfactory results.Purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of the microbiota of prostate secretions in patients with CP/CPPS IIIa and IIIb using mass spectrometry of microbial markers (MSMM).Material and methods. A prospective comparative study was conducted from 2018 to 2023 at the SM-Clinic medical center. 205 patients with prostatitis-like symptoms and 70 males who applied for a screening examination with no complaints at the age of 25 to 50 years were selected. The subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 – patients with CP/CPPS category IIIa, group 2 ( n = 85) patients with CP/CPPS category IIIb with clinical manifestations of chronic prostatitis and group 3 ( n = 70) – without clinical manifestations prostatitis/control group. A study of the microbiota of prostate secretions was carried out using gas chromatograph mass spectrometer "Maestro" (LLC "Interlab", Russia).Results. The results of statistical analysis showed that the level of cocci and bacilli, anaerobes, actinobacteria, fungi and yeasts, as well as total viruses in patients with CP/CPPS IIIa, compared with patients with CP/CPPS IIIb and the control group, was significantly higher ( p = 0.0020 ; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p = 0.0254; p = 0.0254). It was revealed that in patients with CP/CPPS IIIa, compared with patients with CP/CPPS IIIb and healthy people, there was a significant increase in the total load of cocci and bacilli, anaerobes, actinobacteria, fungi and yeasts, as well as total viruses . When analyzing the relationship between the absolute number of microorganisms, it was revealed that an increase in the level of many microorganisms is associated with an increase in the probability of detecting a leukocyte level 10. An analysis of the relationship between the occurrence of individual microorganisms and leukocyte values in prostate secretions ≥10 showed that an increase in the indicators of many microorganisms, compared with the control group, increased the chances of having a leukocyte level ≥10 several times.Conclusion. Identification of microbial associations in prostate secretions using the MSMM method and an increase in the total load of microorganisms in patients with CP/CPPS IIIa, compared with CP/CPPS IIIa and the control group, suggests the role of infection in a certain part of patients with CP/CPPS IIIa, which dictates the need to change the view of the urologist in the diagnosis and treatment strategy of these patients.

Применение препарата Простатекс плюс у пациентов с хроническим абактериальным простатитом на фоне ДГПЖ

Применение препарата Простатекс плюс у пациентов с хроническим абактериальным простатитом на фоне ДГПЖ

Microbiota of prostate secretion in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis

Microbiota of prostate secretion in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis

Variation of inflammatory indexes in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis treated with an herbal compound/extract.

Inflammation is a highly prevalent finding in the prostate. Men with inflammation have higher IPSS score and increased prostate size. For men with prostatic inflammation, there is a significantly increased risk of developing acute urinary retention and the need of a surgical approach to the disease. Some laboratory tests (i.e. fibrinogen, C-reactive protein), can play a role in identifying patients at greatest risk of complications and adverse outcomes after surgery. There have been several experiences exploring the role of nutraceutical approach to the prostate inflammation. Aim of our study were to describe the variation in symptoms and inflammatory indexes in men affected by chronic abacterial prostatitis, treated with an herbal extract containing Curcuma Longa 500 mg, Boswellia 300 mg, Urtica dioica 240 mg, Pinus pinaster 200 mg and glycine max 70 mg. A prospective multicenter study was conducted from February 2021 and March 2022. One hundred patients, with a diagnosis of Chronic Prostatitis were enrolled in a multicentric phase III observational study. They were treated with the herbal extract, one capsule per day, for 60 days. No placebo arm was included. In each patient, inflammatory indexes, PSA, prostate volume, IIEF-5, PUF, uroflowmetry (Qmax), IPSS-QoL, NIH-CPPS were registered and statistically compared at baseline and at the follow up visit. The variation obtained on the inflammation indexes showed a global improvement after treatment, including the PSA reduction. We also recorded a significant improvement on IPSS-QoL, NIH-CPPS, PUF and Qmax scores. The herbal extract considered in our study may represent a promising and safe therapeutic agent leading to a reduction of inflammation markers, and could be used in the treatment of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Эффективность различных режимов цитокинотерапии в комплексном лечении мужчин с хроническим абактериальным простатитом

Эффективность различных режимов цитокинотерапии в комплексном лечении мужчин с хроническим абактериальным простатитом

Assessment of the psycho-emotional status of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome using magnetotherapy

BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of chronic abacterial prostatitis is most often associated with emotional and behavioral disorders, asthenic syndrome, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and require additional medication correction. Despite the fact that there are currently more than 15 groups of drugs used in this case, their effectiveness remains insufficiently high. In this regard, the search for new innovative technologies for non-drug therapy of chronic pelvic pain and chronic abacterial prostatitis is relevant.
 AIM: Study of the effect of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor and transcranial magnetic therapy on the parameters of the psycho-emotional status and clinical parameters in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of chronic abacterial prostatitis.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 52 patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of chronic abacterial prostatitis aged 28 to 45 years. Subject to the principles of simple randomization, patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the control group (n=26) received a basic sanatorium complex with the inclusion of therapeutic exercises, dosed walking, drinking mineral water. Patients of the main group (n=26) in addition to the basic complex received extracorporeal magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor and transcranial magnetic therapy.
 RESULTS: The use of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor and transcranial magnetic therapy in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of chronic abacterial prostatitis is accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of pain syndrome, clinical symptoms of the disease and improvement in psycho-emotional status parameters.
 CONCLUSION: The inclusion of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor and transcranial magnetic therapy in the treatment complex of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of chronic abacterial prostatitis contributes to the regression of the clinical manifestations of the disease, pain syndrome, dysuria disorders, and a significant improvement in the parameters of the psycho-emotional state.

Bioregulatory therapy for chronic abacterial prostatitis

BACKGROUND: Chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS) is the most common form of chronic prostatitis.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of complex therapy in patients with CAP/CPPS using the bioregulatory peptide drug Uroprost-D.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 47 men aged 23 to 54 years (mean 38.1 7.2 years) with CAP/CPPS (category III according to the NYHA classification, 1995). Patients of the 1st group (n = 24) were prescribed alpha-blocker tamsulosin 0.4 mg for 30 days and rectal suppositories Uroprost-D one per day for 15 days. Patients of the 2nd group (n = 23) were also prescribed tamsulosin 0.4 mg per day for 30 days and rectal suppositories indomethacin 100 mg, one per day for 15 days. The dynamics of clinical parameters was assessed on the 15, 30 and 60th day from the start of the study.
 RESULTS: By the 15th day of the study, there was a significant positive dynamics of symptoms in patients of both groups. By the 30th day of the study in patients of the 1st group the treatment effect persisted, while in patients of the 2nd group pain increased, which was expressed in an increase in the scores for the Pain domains and the total score of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire. This trend is even more pronounced by the 60th day of observation, when a significant difference was found both in the total score of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire and separately in the domains Pain, Dysuria and Quality of life. During the study, there were no statistically significant changes in the maximum urine flow rate, prostate volume and residual urine volume. Tolerability of treatment was satisfactory, the frequency of negative manifestations was slightly higher in patients of the 2nd group.
 CONCLUSIONS: The use of the bioregulatory peptide drug Uroprost-D in the complex therapy of patients with CAP was accompanied by a decrease in the severity of pain syndrome and dysuria. The appointment of Uroprost-D seems to be a pathogenetically justified alternative to the use of NSAIDs in this category of patients.

Ефективність і безпечність застосування препарату Епарцетін форте в лікуванні чоловіків, хворих на хронічний абактериальний простатит, ускладненний еректильною дисфункцією

Хронічний абактеріальний простатит часто поєднується з гіпогонадизмом, еректильною дисфункцією, доброякісною гіперплазією передміхурової залози, синдромом хронічного тазового болю та іншими хворобами. Для комплексного лікування хронічного простатиту, особливо абактеріальної форми, розроблений новий препарат Еспарцетін форте – супозиторії. Вивчені ефективність і безпечність препарату Еспарцетін форте супозиторії. Препарат Еспарцетін форте супозиторії є високоефективним препаратом для лікування абактеріального хронічного простатиту, ускладненого еректильною дисфункцією. Препарат Еспарцетін форте супозиторії добре переноситься хворими і практично не має побічної дії.

Syndrome of chronic abacterial prostatitis - aspects of possible conservative treatment in modern realities

Syndrome of chronic abacterial prostatitis - aspects of possible conservative treatment in modern realities

New possibilities for the use of pantohematogen in complex treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis

New possibilities for the use of pantohematogen in complex treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis

Rectal cream “Hem” (as suppositories) in treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis

Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common disorders in men of reproductive age. In 5-10 % of cases, prostatitis is caused by bacterial infection. In 80-90 % of patients, bacterial agent cannot be detected, and chronic abacterial prostatitis is diagnosed per the National Institute of Health classification (NIH, 1995).Even with combination therapy using drugs of different groups, chronic prostatitis is a recurrent disorder and can lead to development of symptoms in the lower urinary tract and chronic pelvic pain syndrome decreasing patients' quality of life.Phytotherapy and beekeeping products with anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, immunostimulating effects has a certain place in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rectal cream “Hem” (as suppositories) manufactured by Russian company ADONIS CNPG and TM LCC in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.

Complex conservative therapy of chronic abacterial prostatitis

BACKGROUND: Improving the results of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis is one of the important problems of modern urology.
 AIM: To compare the effect of ozone therapy and hypercapnic therapy on the hemodynamics of the prostate and immune status in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 58 patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis, who were divided into three groups. Patients of the 1st group (n = 18) received standard therapy. Patients of the 2nd group additionally underwent a course of transrectal ozone therapy for 10 days. Patients of the 3rd group, in addition to the basic therapy, performed training on a breathing simulator to obtain the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia; the course of treatment consisted of 10 daily trainings. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using the NIH-CPSI questionnaire. To assess the immune status of patients, we studied the content of IgA, IgG and IgM in the blood, the activity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-6 in the blood serum and IL-8 in the urine. The state of blood flow in the prostate gland was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry, as well as TRUS performed in the color Doppler imaging mode. The control group included 22 healthy men.
 RESULTS: In patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes in the prostate gland were revealed, which were accompanied by characteristic clinical manifestations, urinary disorders, as well as impaired immune status in the form of an increase in the content of interleukins and tumor necrosis factor. The use of basic therapy (1st group) helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of chronic abacterial prostatitis, but its effect on the immune status, hemodynamics and microcirculation of the prostate gland is insufficiently expressed. Complex therapy, supplemented by training on a breathing simulator using the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia, has a positive effect on the course of the disease (3rd group). This type of therapy is able to improve the microcirculation of the prostate gland, increasing the index of microcirculation efficiency and average blood flow, reducing the shunting rates, but its effect on immunity is lower than in patients whose treatment included transrectal ozone therapy (2nd group). This type of treatment leads to a decrease in the activity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-6 in the blood serum, and IL-8 in the urine, but at the same time does not have a sufficient effect on prostate hemodynamics and microcirculation.
 CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CAP with pronounced disorders of the immune status, complex treatment is indicated, supplemented by transrectal ozone therapy, and in the presence of pronounced hemodynamic disorders of the prostate gland, complex therapy is indicated, supplemented by the use of the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia.

Prostate state under varicosis of the pelvis (experimental study)

BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome / chronic abacterial prostatitis is one of the most common diseases in urological practice. Despite its frequency the pathogenesis of the disease remains poorly understood. It is known that the morphological manifestation of chronic inflammation is sclerosis, in the development of which the venous congestion of the prostate is also important.
 AIM: To evaluate the effect of chronic venous congestion of the pelvis on the prostate in a chronic experiment.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: An original model of persistent chronic varicose of the pelvis has been created. The experiment was carried out on 35 mature rabbits weighing 2.63.2 kg. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Control (n = 5) study of the normal anatomy of animals. In group 2 (n = 15), the creation of a model: ligation of the v. sacralis mediana, in combination with administration of progesterone solution. In group 3 (n = 15), false surgery and progesterone administration. Duplex scanning of the pelvic veins was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months, the diameter of the veins and the reflux after manual compression was assessed. After removing the animals from the experiment histological examination and morphometry of the prostate tissue were carried out. In prostate samples the concentration of hydroxyproline was investigated as a marker of connective tissue development.
 RESULTS: Venous congestion of the pelvic organs in animals in the second group negatively affected the structure of the prostate gland. Histological examination of the samples showed infiltration of the prostate tissue, edema of the stroma, a sharp expansion of the veins at the beginning of the experiment, later noted the proliferation of connective tissue, compression of the acini and a decrease in the secretory activity of the prostate gland. The results of morphometry showed an increase in the area of the stromal component to a greater extent due to an increase in the volume of connective tissue. There was a tendency to an increase in the concentration of hydroxyproline in the prostate tissue in animals of the 2nd group with the achievement of maximum values by the 6th month of the experiment. In animals of the 3rd group no significant changes in the structure of the prostate gland were revealed.
 CONCLUSIONS: The morphological manifestation of chronic venous hyperemia is infiltration of the prostate stroma and sclerogenesis.

Modern Approaches to Treatment of Abacterial Prostatitis and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Using a Prostate Extract of Bulls

The formation of the inflammatory process in the prostatic tissue in most cases occurs with minimal clinical manifestations, and their clinical and diagnostic verification often does not reflect the actual state of the problem. This requires a search for clinical solutions in order to minimize the formation of inflammatory processes and the regulation of trophic functions in the compromised tissues of the prostate gland. The use of conservative therapy in people with chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia is considered the leading preventive and therapeutic method, therefore, the search for new and improvement of existing pharmacological drugs is an urgent issue. The action of specific amino acid molecules of the mediator link of the bioregulation system – cytomedines, is due to the regulatory capabilities of low molecular weight peptides, which are multifunctional, capable of inducing the release of other regulatory substances and the formation of the so-called. «Peptide cascade» in a certain place in a short time. Their final effect is not enhanced by excessive intake, is not dose-dependent and is expressed by a complete systemic effect on general physiological processes (apoptosis, proliferation, various types of metabolism, regulation of genetic information). Vitaprost is an extract of the prostate gland of bulls, lyophilized from an aqueous solution, among the organ peptides it stands out with high clinical efficacy and the absence of side reactions. Its main clinical effects are considered: anti-inflammatory (the ability to reduce edema and leukocyte infiltration in the tissues of the prostate gland), vascular (able to improve the processes of microcirculation and platelet-vascular homeostasis), trophic (a positive effect on spermatogenesis in the form of an increase in the functional activity of spermatozoa and the qualitative characteristics of sperm) , immunoregulatory (stimulates the activity of the humoral link of immunity and some factors of the body’s resistance), antimicrobial (stimulates the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils), neurotrophic (effect on the muscle tone of the urinary bladder and rectum). The use of prostatilen, as an organotropic polypeptide with high tissue specificity, is a justified pharmacological model for the treatment of infectious-inflammatory and congestive conditions in the structures of the prostate-vesicular complex in men of various ages. The positive effect of prostatilen is due to a series of complementary pathogenetic mechanisms, which include anti-inflammatory, immunotropic, trophic and neurovascular effects on the above structures. The clinical effect of the rectal form of prostatilen, demonstrated in cases of a combination of chronic prostatitis with benign prostatic hyperplasia and confirmed by a series of long-term studies, makes it possible to use it both in mono- and in combination therapy of these conditions, taking into account the individual conditions of the course of the disease.

Value of serum thiol/disulphide in chronic prostatitis

Background/Aim: Thiols are an important part of the antioxidant system which destroy reactive oxygen molecules, especially in inflammatory reactions. Maneuvers expressing the prostate fluid required for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis are not practical and are rarely used in clinical practice. We aimed to compare the level of native thiol/disulphide as a supportive biomarker in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis. Materials and methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and 20 healthy volunteers were included in this prospective-case control study. Both groups were compared in terms of native thiol disulphide homeostasis, IPSS, QoL and PSA levels. Results: In the chronic prostatitis group, the native thiol level was significantly lower (P=0.043), the %disulfide/natural thiol was higher (P=0.037), the international prostate symptom score was higher (P=0.006), the quality of life was higher (P=0.023) and the maximum flow rate was lower (P=0.009) compared to the healthy volunteers. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the native thiol (SH) level in patients with chronic prostatitis was low and their disulphide level was high; therefore, we think that the level of native thiol/total thiol may assist in supporting the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.

Современный подход к диагностике хронического простатита

INTRODUCTION The problem of chronic prostatitis is still to be resolved. AIM to compare the frequency of the main symptoms (pain, dysuria, sexual dysfunction) in patients with chronic bacterial and abacterial prostatitis, as well as prostate tuberculosis (PTB); to determine the prevalence of latent infectious prostatitis in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total 73 men who were followed with a diagnosis of chronic prostatitis for at least two years and had a history of at least three exacerbations per year were included in the study. A microbiological study of expressed prostate secretions (EPS) was carried out using both routine and molecular genetic methods. RESULTS Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was diagnosed in 27 patients (37.0%). 36.7% of pathogens were resistant to antibiotics. In 46 patients (63%) no microflora was not isolated at the first examination. In some patients with CBP, prostate tuberculosis (PTB) was diagnosed. Thus, in the total cohort of patients, only 17 (23.3%) had isolated CBP, and other 10 (13.7%) had CBP in combination with PTB. All patients with CAP received longidaza rectal suppositories for diagnostic purposes. In 23 men (50.0% of patients with CAP), uropathogens were isolated from EPS after administration of longidaza, and 56.9% of them were resistant to antibacterial drugs. Five patients from this group also had PTB, and 18 (24.6%) had CBP, which was not diagnosed by standard methods. There were no significant differences in the frequency of pain and urinary disorders. However, sexual dysfunction more often developed in patients with CAP and PTB (p<0.05); hemospermia, on the other hand, was not typical for patients with CAP, occurred in few cases with CBP and latent CAP, but was present in two-thirds of patients with PTB. CONCLUSION As a mask of CAP, both latent CPB and PTB can present. Although CBP, CAP, latent CBP and PTB have a number of significant differences in the clinical manifestations, no pathognomonic symptoms have been identified for these subgroups of chronic prostatitis. Considering that half of patients with CAP actually have latent CBP, it is necessary to use rectal suppositories of the drug longidaza for diagnostic purposes with repeated analysis of expressed prostate secretions. To identify pathogens, molecular genetic diagnostics should be used along with routine methods. PTB can manifest as chronic bacterial or abacterial prostatitis. It is necessary to carefully study the patient's history, epidemic history, and, if indicated, to perform an appropriate examination to exclude PTB.

Features of Remodeling of Prostate Stroma in Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis.

We performed a complex morphological study of biopsy samples of prostate gland from 30 men (mean age 46±11 years) with chronic abacterial prostatitis who were exposed unfavorable anthropogenic factors. The ultrastructural heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells was shown, among which cells with destructive changes in organelles predominated, solitary cells with signs of secretory function were revealed. Most endothelial cells in microvessels were characterized by low pinocytotic activity, destruction of organelles; focal hyperplastic ultrastructural changes were noted in some endotheliocytes. Along with fibroblasts, the stroma contained single mast cells; no inflammatory infiltration was revealed. The results of the study attested to complex mechanisms of remodeling of the prostate gland stroma in chronic abacterial prostatitis involving microvessels, smooth muscle cells, and probably mast cells, which determines the development of degenerative, destructive, and fibrotic processes.

Роль герпесвирусов при мужском бесплодии

Nowadays, the search for etiopathogenetic factors of infertility is an urgent medical and social task. 23 men with chronic abacterial prostatitis in a barren marriage underwent the follow-up. Herpesviruses of types IV–VI were detected in urogenital samples (urethra, ejaculate, prostate secretions) in 8 of 23 men who were treated with valacyclovir (500 mg 2 times a day for 3 months) and interferon α-2b in combination with antioxidants — vitamins E and C (rectal suppositories). Based on the personal experience of the authors, the patients were prescribed the following drug use regimen: 3 million IU twice a day — 10 days, then 3 million IU twice a day — 3 times per week for the next 3 weeks. The remaining 15 patients without any detected viruses were prescribed the following: levofloxacin 500 mg — 30 days, tamsulosin 0.4 mg — 90 days, diclofenac 50 mg — 10 days. By the end of therapy, electron microscopy and virology showed a decrease in the concentration and number of virus-positive urogenital samples, as well as a decrease in the number of spermatozoa with viral capsids. Within 6 months from the therapy initiation, the onset of pregnancy was observed in the married couples of 6 out of 8 men with herpesviruses vs. in 4 out of 11 without viruses (p=0.026). Thus, we obtained the data on the role of herpesviruses of types IV–VI in male infertility. A good reproductive effect was achieved with valacyclovir and interferon α-2b in combination with antioxidants in most patients. KEYWORDS: herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus type VI, male infertility. FOR CITATION: Kovalyk V.P., Gomberg M.A., Bragina E.E. et al. Herpesvirus role in male infertility. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(3):123– 129. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-3-123-129.

Possibilities of entomological drugs in the symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic abacterial prostatitis

The review article is devoted to the analysis of clinical and experimental studies on the main mechanisms of action and clinical effects of entomological drugs, in particular, the presence of “Adenoprosin” in lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic abacterial prostatitis, which are expressed in reducing the size of the prostate by inducing apoptosis of its cells, blocking the formation of colonies by inhibiting the growth potential of cells, antioxidant action by reducing the amount of intracellular hydrogen peroxide, anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting interleukins 6 and 8, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibition of apoptosis in the inflammatory environment (cellular protection).