Aalto University Research Articles

Robin Dunbar: The neurobiology of human sociality

Robin Dunbar is an eminent evolutionary psychologist and anthropologist whose pioneering work has permanently redefined how we think about human social relationships. Dunbar, who is an emeritus Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at the University of Oxford, became world-renowned for, among other contributions, his formulation of “Dunbar's number,” a theoretical limit to the number of stable social relationships an individual can maintain, typically cited as about 150. That idea, which he developed as he studied the relationship between brain size and social group size in various primate species, has since had broad influences across areas from social media design to organizational management. Over time, Dunbar's number has become more widely known and discussed, particularly with the advent of social media and online social networks. This has led to renewed interest in its implications for digital social interactions. Dunbar's illustrious career spans multiple prestigious institutions, including, prior to joining Oxford in 2007, the University of Cambridge, the University of Stockholm (Sweden), University College London and the University of Liverpool. He is a fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Anthropological Institute, a Foreign Member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, and an elected Honorary Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His interdisciplinary expertise is reflected in his professorships in psychology, evolutionary biology, and anthropology at institutions such as Liverpool and Oxford Universities. He has held a visiting chair in statistical physics and computer science at Aalto University, Finland, which has also awarded him an honorary doctorate. Dunbar studies the evolution of social processes in primates and humans, with work that blends neurobiology, cognitive science, and the social dynamics of how we communicate via friendship networks. His insights into friendships and community cohesion continue to shape our understanding of human social behaviour in the digital age. It is an absolute pleasure that Professor Dunbar answered the Genomic Press Interview as we celebrate the extraordinary story of his scientific odyssey with our readers.

Data stewardship: case studies from North American, Dutch and Finnish universities

PurposeAs national legislation, federated national services, institutional policies and institutional research service arrangements may differ, data stewardship programs may be organized differently in higher education institutions across the world. This work seeks to elaborate the picture of different data stewardship programs running in different institutional and national research environments.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing a case study design, this study described three distinct data stewardship programs from Purdue University (United States), Delft Technical University (Netherlands) and Aalto University (Finland). In addition, this work investigated the institutional and national research environments of the programs. The focus was on initiatives led by academic libraries or similar services.FindingsThis work demonstrates that data stewardship programs may be organized differently within varying national and institutional contexts. The data stewardship programs varied in terms of roles, organization and funding structures. Furthermore, policies and legislation, organizational structures and national infrastructures differed.Research limitations/implicationsThe data stewardship programs and their contexts develop, and the descriptions presented in this work should be considered as snapshots.Originality/valueThis work broadens the current literature on data stewardship by not only providing detailed descriptions of three distinct data stewardship programs but also highlighting how research environments may affect their organization. We present a summary of key factors in the organization of data stewardship programs.

Unprecedented extreme high-frequency radio variability in early-stage active galactic nuclei

ABSTRACT We report on the discovery of one of the most extreme cases of high-frequency radio variability ever measured in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), observed on time-scales of days and exhibiting variability amplitudes of 3–4 orders of magnitude. These sources, all radio-weak narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, were discovered some years ago at Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory (MRO) based on recurring flaring at 37 GHz, strongly indicating the presence of relativistic jets. In subsequent observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) at 1.6, 5.2, and 9.0 GHz no signs of jets were seen. To determine the cause of their extraordinary behaviour, we observed them with the JVLA at 10, 15, 22, 33, and 45 GHz, and with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 15 GHz. These observations were complemented with single-dish monitoring at 37 GHz at MRO, and at 15 GHz at Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO). Intriguingly, all but one source either have a steep radio spectrum up to 45 GHz, or were not detected at all. Based on the 37 GHz data, the time-scales of the radio flares are a few days, and the derived variability brightness temperatures and variability Doppler factors are comparable to those seen in blazars. We discuss alternative explanations for their extreme behaviour, but so far no definite conclusions can be made. These sources exhibit radio variability at a level rarely, if ever, seen in AGN. They might represent a new type of jetted AGN, or a new variability phenomenon, and thus deserve our continued attention.

Weeds in the Greenhouse: Curating Posthuman Engagements

In an ode to Woolgar and Latour’s Laboratory life (1979), this visual essay traces what occurred during a series of fieldtrips and workshops I organised between students from Uniarts and Aalto University, and researchers at the Viikki Plant Sciences Centre, Helsinki. It highlights how disciplines promote a particular way of looking and of understanding the world that privileges certain of its characteristics over others – a process that can lead to the development of potential blind spots that hinder discovery. The curatorial is posited as a means for combating these limitations and for understanding plant-human relationships in an expanded way.

Exploring Hybrid Learning Formats in a Nordic Master’s Programme in Visual Studies and Art Education

This paper reports from a project in progress that aims to develop a hybrid learning format that is sufficiently flexible to accommodate collaborative situations between students and teachers on two campuses and in collaborative situations off-campus. The project explores a current co-teaching opportunity that AAU and Aalto University are facing due to the start-up of the new Nordic joint degree master's program Visual Studies and Art Education (NM NoVA). A new physical space has been established at the AAU Copenhagen campus, that digitally facilitates a video-mediated, synchronous learning environment and a similar facilitation is accessible at Aalto University. Teachers and researchers join into a collaboration and conduct the project drawing theoretical knowledge generated in the field of synchronous learning formats and from research in the particular subject related field of digital technology and visual arts education. Furthermore, the project uses the participants’ practical experience from engaging in different synchronous learning formats shared and informed by discussions with peers. Inspired by Design-Based Research (DBR), researchers actively engage in the problem analysis, design, implementation, and analysis of the hybrid learning format. Rich descriptions of the program's evolution are obtained through participant observations, interviews, and a "photo-safari" capturing interactions among students, teachers, and technology.Analytically, the study explores the hybrid format as an enactment of space beyond geographical constraints, drawing inspiration from the concept of "apparatus" within new materialism. Three analytical themes emerge: knowledge-building practices, community-building practices, and longitudinal aspects, providing insights into how the hybrid format impacts collaboration, engagement, and the evolution of educational spaces. Preliminary findings reveal the diverse orientations and pedagogical discussions that emerge within these hybrid spaces, challenging the traditional notion of a "third space" and paving the way for new conceptualisations. The project anticipates further exploration of interdependencies within third spaces and the dynamics of student and teacher bodies within this evolving educational landscape.

Editorial

The first edition of 2024 for the International Journal of Sustainable Fashion & Textiles (SFT) is a Special Issue linked to the recent PLATE conference that took place at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland in 2023 facilitated by Kirsi Niinimäki of Aalto University, Finland, Cosette M. Joyner Martinez, now based at Texas State University, United States, Claudia E. Henninger from the University of Manchester, United Kingdom and Katia Dayan Vladimirova from the University of Geneva, Switzerland. The issue comprises of a variety of papers addressing ‘The Future of Sustainable Clothing Use Practice’. The papers present differing viewpoints and angles to tackle a key issue in the fashion industry that is linked to its dirty secret – its waste problem. The collection of articles outlines not only key contributions to the field, but also highlights areas of future research.

Repair, Curated by Kasia Gorniak and Kirsi Niinimäki, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 1-9 June 2023

Repair, Curated by Kasia Gorniak and Kirsi Niinimäki, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 1-9 June 2023

Craft in times of change: Making as a response to crisis

This issue features a range of articles that explore different cultural and environmental forms of sustainability in the face of crises, including climate change and conflict, revealing how craft reconnects and sustains us as humans. Within the theme of Place and cultural identity, Ana Nolasco discusses the significance of Madeira Island embroidery, by drawing upon interviews conducted during a six-year postdoctoral study across the Portuguese-speaking archipelagos. Neetu Singh and Vanshika Gupta’s Craft and Industry Report shines light on the craft of Mata Ni Pachedi, originated by the nomadic Vagahri community of Gujarat. The Remarkable Image, contributed by Prasanna P. and Asokan T., captures a skilled weaver as he contributes to the preservation of handloom crafts in Uraiyur. In ‘Estonian blues’, Julia Valle_Noronha and Piret Puppart explore how the use of natural dyes can positively impact education, society and the environment, through a case study of the ‘Ethno’ course at the Estonian Academy of Arts. Making as a response is prioritised by Tarja Kroger and Sirpa Kokko, who explore the crafting triggered in Finland by the war in Ukraine and the meanings attached to processes and artefacts encompassed within 40 writings. Niina Väänänen and Katja Vilhunen’s analyse surveyed Finnish hobbyists’ views on sustainable crafts, highlighting intangible influences on wellbeing, cultural and environmental responsibility. Valle-Noronha’s review of REPAIR, held at Aalto University, Finland as part of the PLATE2023 conference, reinforces the notion of responsive making within multiple product and service contexts. D Wood reviews the HOME/MAKING conference held at Concordia University in Montréal, Canada in May 2023, while Gemma Potter further explores our relationship with the domestic and familiar through her Portrait of the ceramicist Ingrid Murphy. Michelle Stephens reviews Interwoven: Exploring Materials and Structure (2022) by Maarit Saloainen, and Bogil Lee reviews A Philosophy of Textile: Between Practice and Theory (2020) by Catherine Dormor.

Creating and measuring impact through customer relationship management and master data

Aalto University has gradually, over a six-year timespan, implemented a ‘one CRM’ policy which integrates not only alumni and donors, but also partner companies, externally funded research projects, start-ups emerging from the innovation ecosystem and customers of campus services into a single customer relationship management (CRM) system. While results have been encouraging, this has not taken place without various sets of challenges. What is the impact of all this on processes, analytics, decision making, communications and mindset? In this paper, the writers will share their hands-on experience of how this has unfolded.

Enriching Museum Collection with Virtual Design Objects and Community Narratives: Pop-up-VR Museum

In the Pop-up-VR Museum, a selection of design objects from the Design Museum collection can be explored as virtual reality experience together with stories and comments collected in workshops organized with senior communities and museum visitors amongst others. The collaboration between the museum and the Aalto University Department of Art and Media in the EU Horizon 2020 project SPICE (2020–2023), seeks to increase social cohesion and inclusion through cultural heritage. Using semantic tools designed and developed in the project, it studies ways to promote novel forms of “citizen curation” activities. The article discusses the co-design process between media designers, heritage professionals, and different user communities, with varying understandings and needs regarding museum data and Finnish design heritage. In the museum, community-based data raises practical as well as ethical issues. Also the new digital artifacts challenge existing systems: what and how should be preserved in the museum collection from the dialogue with the user that takes place in the Pop-up VR Museum and does this new data demand re-assessing earlier information and, how does should the process of creating new digital artifacts be documented and described.

Simulation model calibration for a multi-purpose building on an hourly basis

When developing digital twins for buildings, the calibration of simulation models on an hourly basis is essential to maintain the fidelity of the virtual representation and to enable real-time monitoring and analysis in the operational phase. Achieving such a high accuracy in building performance simulations (BPS) calls for novel calibration strategies with enhanced effectiveness. In this regard, this paper outlines a calibration strategy that makes use of hourly measurements to improve the fidelity of energy simulation models. The proposed approach includes a hierarchical structure involving data acquisition and management, setting unknown weather parameters, sensitivity analysis, calibration of fixed parameters, and hourly calibration of dynamic variables. Here, acquired data from the building’s sensor are refined to enable hourly demand calibration, and an accurate weather data file is gathered. Next, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key fixed parameters for the calibration process. Following the calibration of these fixed parameters, the final level involves the calibration of dynamic variables to achieve a robust hourly agreement between simulated and measured data. The developed strategy is implemented in a multi-purpose building located in the Aalto University campus in Finland. The building is simulated as a simplified five-zone model developed in the whole-building simulation software IDA-ICE, including various educational sections, workshops, a shopping center, and a metro station. Sensors and meters are used to measure the hourly indoor air temperature by zone, whereas the calibration aims at minimizing the difference between measured and simulated heating and cooling energy demands. In conclusion, the proposed calibration strategy appears to be successful in facilitating hourly synchronization between simplified simulation models and multi-purpose buildings.

Trash to Treasure: Recovery of Trace Platinum from Industrial Process Solutions

Concerns about metal scarcity are becoming more prevalent due to the depletion of the world’s natural resources and increased demand of metal productions. Therefore, more efficient and innovative methods for metal recovery are required. Among the traditional hydrometallurgical methods [1], the electrochemical recovery of metals - like electrowinning - provide a state-of-the-art basis for sustainable metals recovery through the use of renewable electricity. In electrowinning, the metals are recovered by electrodeposition from concentrated and purified leaching solutions. Nevertheless, the process solutions in the final stages of hydrometallurgical or pyro-hydrometallurgical operations still contain precious metals Ag, Au, and platinum group metals at very low concentrations (< mg L-1 or < μg L-1). For example, platinum - a critical element in photocatalysts for the hydrogen economy, electronics and medical applications – can also be recovered from such trace concentrations to prevent both material loss and to provide additional value. Recently, electrodeposition and redox replacement (EDRR) - method has been applied for selective precious metal recovery from lower-grade raw materials-hydrometallurgical process solutions [2]. During EDRR, a sacrificial metal with less nobility is first deposited through electrodeposition, then the precious metal is recovered onto the electrode surface through RR reaction, driven by the difference in reduction potentials between the two metals. EDRR can be tailored through operational parameter selection, thereby allowing an optimized purity of recovered metals and even controllable preparation of metal coatings, nanoparticles, high-value-added functional surfaces (photocatalyst, corrosion resistant) directly from industrial process solutions [2].In the course of previous studies, it has been observed that metal reduction may also occur via aqueous reduction close to the electrode surface [3]. If actual electrodeposition of sacrificial species into metallic form is not indispensable before the metal recovery in the RR step, process with lower energy consumption and higher purity end-product may be realized via aqueous reduction (EAR). In the current study, multivalent iron was selected as reductive species during EAR-process to recover dissolved platinum. Specifically, dissolved Fe(III) in chloride-based media is first electrochemically reduced to a lower oxidation state Fe(II), then in the RR step, the produced aqueous Fe(II) species serve as reductant to trigger the consequent deposition of Pt on the electrode. As a result, the EAR method succeeded in recovering platinum on the electrode. Chloride concentration was shown to have a substantial impact on the platinum recovery, in terms of both recovery efficiency and structure of deposits, which is suggested to be derived from the Fe and Pt complexation in chloride-based media. The recovery of Pt based on EAR also varies with EAR process parameters, e.g., the applied potential and time to reduce Fe(III), or RR time. The influence of other species (concentrations) and the pH in solution were systematically studied as well, further paving the way to apply EAR method in other metal recovery system. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Academy of Finland project EARMetal (LC, KY, ML: 339979 and LC, KY, JV: 342080). The RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) funded by the Academy of Finland and based at Aalto University is also acknowledged. Reference [1] M.E. Wadsworth, J.D. Miller, Hydrometallurgical Processes. In: H.Y. Sohn, M.E. Wadsworth (Eds), Rate Processes of Extractive Metallurgy, Springer, Boston, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9117-3_4[2] L. Cui, K. Yliniemi, J. Vapaavuori, M. Lundström,Recent developments of electrodeposition-redox replacement in metal recovery and functional materials: A review, Chem Eng J. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142737 [3] I. Korolev, S. Spathariotis, K. Yliniemi, B.P. Wilson, A.P. Abbott, M. Lundström, Mechanism of selective gold extraction from multi-metal chloride solutions by electrodeposition-redox replacement, Green Chem. 22 (2020) 3615–3625. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC00985G

A tale of four studios: Evolving planning and architecture education towards mixed modality in a post-pandemic world

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed urgent challenges for educational institutions. The sudden shift from on-site teaching to online distance learning offered the possibility to examine new settings of the studio, a core element of planning and architecture education. Although the pandemic is now over, online learning has secured a fixed place in university education, and consequently, educational institutions need to reconsider studio education based on the lessons learned during the pandemic. Through studying four studios taught at Aalto University, Finland, in 2020 and 2021, this article examines student-teacher experiences, and proposes opportunities for evolving studio education. The findings show that distance learning has in general sustained the objectives of studio education. However, challenges remain especially regarding the social aspects of learning. The degree of success of online teaching varied greatly depending on the tasks and the orientation of the studio (design or strategy). Technological aids and devices also had an influence on fulfilling the pedagogical objectives of learning. Professional socialization was highly affected by the online environment both in design and planning studios and the architectural representation witnessed difficulties specifically in design studios. To evolve the studio setting, the article suggests a mixed modality model supporting the social dimension of studio teaching by combining on-site and online learning activities to enrich the learning process. Such a model can harmonize the intended learning objectives and activities with the teaching methods and modality, thus improving the social dimension of studio teaching.

Using Partial Solar Eclipse for the 14-Metre Radio Telescope Calibration

Abstract A partial solar eclipse occurred on 25 October 2022, in the central and northern parts of Europe. The partial solar eclipse was observed at Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland at the radio wavelength of 8 mm (37 GHz). In Finland, the magnitude of the partial solar eclipse was 62.7 %. Solar radio maps at the time cadence of about 9 minutes were observed over the whole eclipse. The solar eclipse observations could be used for instrument calibration purposes. This paper investigates the solar brightness temperature, the limb brightening effect, the height of the chromosphere and the location of radio brightening using the aforementioned partial solar eclipse observations. We got the confirmation that our earlier results are consistent, e.g., the solar brightness temperature matches with 8100 K ± 300 K. It was also possible to detect limb brightening effect. However, the prevailing solar activity might have distorted the final conclusions. The Moon should operate as a focusing element and the location of radio brightenings could be defined more carefully than in the normal conditions. We investigated this feature. Our results are in some parts unexpected and need further investigations.

DoubleStrokeNet: Bigram-Level Keystroke Authentication

Keystroke authentication is a well-established biometric technique that has gained significant attention due to its non-intrusive and continuous characteristics. The method analyzes the unique typing patterns of individuals to verify their identity while interacting with the keyboard, both virtual and hardware. Current deep-learning approaches like TypeNet and TypeFormer focus on generating biometric signatures as embeddings for the entire typing sequence. The authentication process is defined using the Euclidean distances between the new typing embedding and the saved biometric signatures. This paper introduces a novel approach called DoubleStrokeNet for authenticating users through keystroke analysis using bigram embeddings. Unlike conventional methods, our model targets the temporal features of bigrams to generate user embeddings. This is achieved using a Transformer-based neural network that distinguishes between different bigrams. Furthermore, we employ self-supervised learning techniques to compute embeddings for both bigrams and users. By harnessing the power of the Transformer’s attention mechanism, the DoubleStrokeNet approach represents a significant departure from existing methods. It allows for a more precise and accurate assessment of user authenticity, specifically emphasizing the temporal characteristics and latent representations of bigrams in deriving user embeddings. Our experiments were conducted using the Aalto University keystrokes datasets, which include 136 million keystrokes from 168,000 subjects using physical keyboards and 63 million keystrokes acquired on mobile devices from 60,000 subjects. The DoubleStrokeNet outperforms the TypeNet-based authentication system using 10 enrollment typing sequences, achieving Equal Error Rate (EER) values of 0.75% and 2.35% for physical and touchscreen keyboards, respectively.

Expanding Pragmatism with Symbolic Interactionism: Recounting the Story of Two Frameworks

Abstract This article describes the story of pragmatism and its transformation into symbolic interactionism at Carnegie Mellon University and Aalto University. In both universities, design researchers were interested in user experience in interactive systems. John Dewey's pragmatism taught them to study how experience sometimes transforms into an experience and occasionally into stories. Herbert Blumer's interactionism had its roots in Chicago School sociology, and it developed in association with pragmatism. His interactionism gave these researchers tools to study Dewey's concepts empirically. We show in the article how this theoretical connection came about after 2000 and how it has shaped research programs in these two communities since then. We also discuss the relevance of pragmatism and interactionism in our current technological landscape, dominated by social media and artificial intelligence.

Testing Open Science Tools

Data management plans (DMP) are an intrinsic part of planning for and implementing openness in scientific research. DMPs contain integral information on research projects: IT requirements, legal and ethical considerations and strategies for opening data. However, all too often, the DMP is seen as a chore drawn up at the request of external funders rather than a tool adopted for the benefit of project members. Similarly, the information gathered into DMPs is rarely utilised by other stakeholders such as institutional research services, nor linked to external parties such as data repositories. Machine-actionable DMPs aim to change this landscape by offering better guidance and support for researchers preparing their plans, and facilitating a research data management system that allows data and information to be shared across institutions and repositories. In fact, one of the recommendations of the EOSC Nordic project, which studied FAIR incentives and expected impact in the Nordics, Baltics and EOSC, was the implementation of machine-actionable DMPs for seamless information workflow and supporting FAIR adoption in everyday research work. Tools such as Data Stewardship Wizard and Argos do this by taking researchers through a set of simple structural questions on research data management from which answers are exported into funder templates resulting in downloadable DMP documents. These machine-actionable online tools transform tick-the-box answers that are easy to fill in into full-text DMPs that comply with funder requirements. This poster introduces a pilot project testing the Data Stewardship Wizard and localising its Knowledge Template to the needs of Aalto University. It presents the project’s findings and stages, including the process of creating a template for the Research Council of Finland DMPs and testing the tool with researchers. In doing so, it examines machine-actionable DMPs from a practice-based perspective and comments on the process of institutional implementation.

Diamond Open Access: Researcher’s Best Friend or just a Distant Relative?

The costs of Open Access publishing increase year by year (e.g. Zhang et al. 2022). Diamond Open Access (OA), in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers, has been hoped to provide solutions for the current situation. Also, the Council of the EU highlights the importance of Diamond OA in the recent Council Conclusions (8827/23). Various incentives, such as Action Plan for Diamond Open Access, DIAMAS and Craft-OA are established to support the development of Diamond OA. However, do researchers really use Diamond OA publication venues? Is Diamond OA a researcher’s best friend or just a rarely met distant relative? Both international (Bosman et al. 2021) and national level (Frantsvåg 2022) studies have been conducted in relation with Diamond OA. This poster views the phenomenon on a local level by illustrating Diamond OA publishing at the Finnish Aalto University in 2018–2022. Aalto University consists of six schools: School of Arts, Design and Architecture, School of Business, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Science. Aalto Current Research Information System, ACRIS contains the comprehensive publication data of university’s researchers. Information on Diamond OA journals was added to ACRIS journal records in the spring 2023. We identified Diamond OA journals in ACRIS by using Directory of Open Access Journals and journals’ web pages. This information in relation with publication data will form the basis for our analysis. We recognize that information on Diamond OA is incomplete and our results only indicative, since only a third of diamond OA journals are indexed in DOAJ (Bosman et al. 2021). The poster seeks to illustrate the usage of Diamond OA channels from various aspects. How has Diamond OA publishing evolved over the years? Which Diamond OA journals and publishers are the most popular? What are the differences between schools? What is the share of Diamond OA compared with other Open Access types and how has the usage of different Open Access paths evolved?

Emeraldine Salt-Nanocarbon Composites as a Material for Copper Recovery from Industrial Wastewaters

Nanocarbon films are characterized by high surface area[1], appreciable electrical conductivity[2], and good mechanical properties[3]. These properties make them suitable for application as electrode materials in various electrochemical processes. For instance, nanocarbon electrodes can be used for selective deposition of metals onto their surface[4]. In particular, it is beneficial to accumulate Cu atoms on the surface of carbon nanomaterials as such composite exhibits much improved electrical conductivity and strength. To make this process as efficient as possible, functional groups containing oxygen or nitrogen are attached to the nanocarbon surface, prior to electrodeposition, but their presence may deteriorate the capabilities of material for charge propagation.Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) can be physically attached to carbon to improve their electrochemical properties[5], without introducing defects in the structure that negatively affect the electrical properties of the material. Different forms of PANI have substantial effects on the properties of composites, emeraldine salts (ES) have been chosen based upon their higher electrical properties. ES are characterized by the highest increase in electrical and mechanical properties of composites.Our research focused on the selective deposition of metals onto ES-nanocarbon composites from industrial wastewaters, which contained such metals as magnesium, iron, nickel, and copper. Aniline was electropolymerized onto the nanocarbon surface by cyclic voltammetry to make the material more suitable for recovery of metals from such source. The process of copper recovery was highly selective, which was confirmed by characterization of the surface by EDX mapping. Despite the trace amounts of copper (428 ppm) in the used industrial wastewater, Cu nanoparticles were highly visible on the PANI-nanocarbon surface after just one hour of the process. Analogously, nickel has also been recovered by this method, which demonstrates that the presented approach may be tuned for deposition of various metals onto nanocarbon to make previously unreported nanocarbon-metal composites. P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Education and Science (MEiN/2022/DIR/3086) of Poland for financial support, which enabled the attendance to the conference. G.S. and P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Education and Science of Poland for financial support of scientific work from budget funds for science in the years 2019–2023 as a research project under the “Diamond Grant” program (grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948). G.S., P.S. and D.J. would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (under the Leader program, grant agreement LIDER/0001/L-8/16/NCBR/2017). P.S. acknowledges the National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (NAWA, (under the Academic International Partnerships program, grant agreement PPI/APM/2018/1/00004) for supporting training in the Aalto University, which enabled the execution of the study. GS would like to thank also NAWA (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. M. Cadek et al, Nano Letters, 2004, 4, 2, 353–356G. Stando et al, Scientific Reports, 2022, 12, 4358J. Salvetat et al. Appl Phys A, 1999, 69, 255–260G. Stando et al, Water Resources and Industry, 2021, 26, 100156A. Kumar et al, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2018, 57, 2, 70-97

Preface

The 12th International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics 28 August to 1 September 2023 Aalto University, Espoo, Finland Editors Eur.Ing. Dr. Spyros Hirdaris CEng FRINA, FSNAME Aalto University, Finland AND Professor Decheng Wan Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China The 12th International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics (IWSH 2023) was held from the 28th of August to the 1st of September 2023 at Aalto University, Finland. Aalto University was established in 2010 as a merger the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), the Helsinki School of Economics and the University of Art and Design of Helsinki. Marine and Arctic Technology has been solid part of the well cherished traditions of HUT dating back to the 19th century.IWSH inaugurated by Prof. Zaojian Zou of Wuhan University of Technology in 1999. Early national events were organised by Wuhan University of Technology (2001,2003), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2005), Jiangshu University of Science and Technology (2007) and Harbin Engineering University (2009).In 2011 Professor Decheng Wan organised the first international version of the workshop at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Since then, the event has been organised by Seoul National University - South Korea (2013), the University of Strathclyde - UK (2015), the National Taiwan Ocean University (2017) and Hamburg University of Technology - Germany (2019). The 2021 edition of IWSH did not take place because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The “all-inclusive” nature of the 12th sequel of the workshop held in 2023 included scientific and social activities, fostering opportunities for networking.The workshop focused on publications of relevance to ship dynamics, hydrodynamics, wave mechanics, sea loads and responses, fluid structure interactions, ship resistance and propulsion, etc. Notably, emerging multiphysics methods with application on both ships and ocean engineering including renewable energies were evident. Six keynotes were delivered by Dr. Nuno Fonseca of SINTEF (Norway), Dr. Sime Malenica of Bureau Veritas (BV, France), Alessandro Iafrati of Istituto di iNgegneria del Mare (INM, Italy), Dr. Michel Visonneau of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Professor Stefano Brizzolara of Virginia Technological Institute and State University (USA) and Professor Yonghwan Kim of Seoul National University (South Korea), were invited to foster top level discussion on relevant subjects. As part of the workshop proceedings the main event sponsor, SINTEF Ocean (Norway) hosted a special session of their International Collaboration Network in Marine Technology.The oral technical program was organized in parallel sessions. In these proceedings, the papers are organized by major themes. The themes are: (1) Ship dynamics, (2) Wave mechanics, (3) Fluid Structure Interactions, (4) Ship motions and sea loads, (5) Ocean Engineering, (6) Ship resistance, (7) Marine propulsion.The workshop confirmed that the complexity of the subject as related to conventional and emerging technologies attracts a great deal of interest of relevance to engineering science and technological innovation. The field of ship and marine hydrodynamics remains more than relevant for the safety and sustainability of the ship and ocean engineering sectors. Dr. Spyros Hirdaris CEng FRINA FSNAME Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, September 2023 List of Sponsors, Reviewers acknowledgement, Aalto University’s IWSH 2023 local organizing committee, IWSH 2023 International Standing Committee, IWSH 2023 International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.