Simple SummaryChickpea seeds are commonly used in human diets in many areas of the world, and it can be a valid alternative to soybean meals and energetic feedstuff in animal nutrition. However, its excellent nutritional characteristics are accompanied by the occurrence of some bioactive substances with anti-nutritional effects. Usually, those secondary compounds are inactivated using appropriate processing techniques, but this increases costs and causes a loss of some nutritional traits. It is well-known that grain composition changes according to the genetic type and environmental conditions, and this study suggests that it is possible to modulate the presence of bioactive compounds in the seed also by varying some agronomic parameters, such as the sowing dates and the seeding rate. This study demonstrates that, under Mediterranean climate conditions, spring sowing reduces the content of trypsin inhibitors, and a high seeding rate can depress the content of α-galactosides. A controversial effect of the sowing period was observed on the content of inositol phosphates, probably because of the different climatic conditions during the two-year experimental period. Consequently, agronomic management can modulate the content of anti-nutritional factors, reducing the likelihood that they will avoid feeding treatments.Chickpea grains may represent an alternative to soybean meals and energetic concentrates in animal feeding, as their nutritional value can help to increase the sustainability of livestock systems. Unfortunately, the presence of bioactive compounds with anti-nutritional effects can prevent its direct use, especially in mono-gastrics. It is known that the synthesis of these compounds depends on genetic expression, which is also influenced by growth conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to assess the effect of sowing date (winter versus spring) and seeding rate (70 versus 110 seeds m−2) on the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, α-galactosides, trypsin inhibitors, and inositol phosphates in the grains of two Kabuli cultivars, in the Mediterranean climate. The results showed that seeds collected from winter sowing contained more trypsin inhibitors than those seeded in spring (+ 4%, on average), reaching values between 16.1 and 18.6 TIU mg protein−1. The seeding rate affects only the α-galactosides content, which increases (+9%) at lower densities (70 seeds m−2). These findings suggest that agronomic management can be used to modulate the content of some anti-nutritional factors in the seeds, even though the genetic characteristics and phenotypic expression, in relation to the climatic conditions, seem to deeply affect the content of all the bioactive compounds investigated.