980-nm Diode Laser Research Articles

The Biofilm Removal and Bactericidal Effect of an 810-nm High-Power Laser on an Orthodontic Bracket Surface: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the biofilm removal and bactericidal effect of laser treatment alone and laser combined with ultrasonic scaling on orthodontic brackets. It also assessed whether the use of a laser can improve the efficiency of biofilm removal and bactericidal effect compared with traditional ultrasonic instrumentation. Background Data: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) can lead to white spots and dental caries. Orthodontic brackets make teeth cleaning more difficult, and biofilms or bacteria on the surface of brackets worsen the oral environment, which may cause some oral diseases. Laser can be used for biofilm removal and killing bacteria on the surface of an object through thermal, photochemical, and pressure effects, which is widely used in the treatment of oral diseases. Methods: A total of 600 mandibular incisor brackets were collected for this study. Among these, 320 unused brackets were used for the S. mutans crystal violet assay (n = 160) and for S. mutans live/dead bacterial staining (n = 160). Another 280 brackets, obtained from patients who had undergone therapy for over two years, were used for the mature multispecies biofilms removal assay (n = 120) and multispecies bacterial live/dead bacterial staining (n = 160). Ultrasonic scaling, laser, and laser combined with ultrasonic scaling were applied to the labial surface of brackets covered by S. mutans biofilm or mature multispecies biofilms. Specifically, we used the following three methods: ultrasonic scaling for 10 sec without laser; 810-nm laser (Doctor Smile, Italy, LA5D0 001.1) with 0.3-mm spot size at total 21.2 kJ/cm2 for 10 sec; and 810-nm laser at total 10.6 kJ/cm2 for 5 sec, followed by ultrasonic scaling for 5 sec. The 810-nm diode laser removed biofilms with a power of 1.5 W and a power density of 2.12 kW/cm2. The S. mutans biofilm was examined using crystal violet assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for mature multispecies biofilms to evaluate the effect of the three methods on biofilm removal. Live/dead bacterial staining was used to examine the bactericidal effect on remaining biofilms by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results: For S. mutans biofilm, the optical density (OD) value and live/dead bacterial ratio in the laser and the laser combined with ultrasonic scaling groups were significantly lower than those in the ultrasonic scaling group (p < 0.05); moreover, the OD value and the live/dead bacterial ratio in laser treatment combined with ultrasonic scaling and laser treatment alone showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). For mature multispecies biofilms, the percentage of biofilm coverage after treatment was higher in the laser group than in the ultrasonic scaling group (p < 0.05) and lower in the laser combined with ultrasonic scaling group than in the ultrasonic scaling group (p < 0.05), and live/dead bacterial staining showed that laser treatment alone killed the most bacteria, followed by laser treatment combined with ultrasonic scaling, while ultrasonic scaling alone seldom killed bacteria. Conclusions: Laser treatment alone has a better bactericidal effect and can also remove more S. mutans biofilm than ultrasonic scaling alone, but it fails to remove more mature multispecies biofilms. Laser treatment combined with ultrasonic scaling can remove more S. mutans biofilm and mature multispecies biofilms than ultrasonic scaling alone and also has a better bactericidal effect than ultrasonic scaling alone on a bracket surface.

Comparative efficacy of pharmaceutical (Ibuprofen) and non-pharmaceutical (photobiomodulation, and chewing gum) interventions for pain reduction after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial.

This study compared the efficacy of pharmaceutical (ibuprofen) and non-pharmaceutical (photobiomodulation and chewing gum) interventions for pain reduction after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic patients. This 3-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 orthodontic patients. The level of anxiety and pain threshold of patients were measured at baseline using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and an algometer, respectively. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 30; equal number of males and females). In the laser group, 940nm diode laser (Epic X, Biolase, USA, 12.35J/cm2 energy density and 300 mW power in continuous-wave mode., The cross-sectional area of the laser handpiece tip was 1.7 cm2.) was irradiated to the buccal and lingual surfaces for 35s each, prior to placement of separators. In the gum group, the patients were asked to chew a piece of sugar-free gum immediately after the placement of separators and repeat every 8h for 5min for one week in case of pain. In the ibuprofen group, patients received 400mg ibuprofen (Hakim Pharmaceuticals, Tehran, Iran) after the placement of separators and were asked to take one tablet every 8h for one week in case of pain. The pain score was recorded using the Modified McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). The normality of data distribution was analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. ANOVA was applied to compare age, and the Chi-square and Monte Carlo Chi-square tests were used to compare gender and patient responses to the questions among the groups. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the pain score at different time points and among the three groups. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at 0.05 level of significance. Data analysis in this study had an intention to treat approach. Although the pain score was slightly lower in ibuprofen and gum groups, the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 'Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant effect of method of pain reduction on pain score (F = 1.520, P = 0.225). Time had a significant effect on pain score (F = 20.310, P < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and pain reduction method on pain score was not significant (F = 0.737, P = 0.651). patients experienced a lower level of pain in the ibuprofen and chewing gum groups, the difference in pain score was not significant among the three groups (P = 0.225). patients experienced a higher level of pain at 12 and 24 hours after the placement of separators in all groups. Considering the comparably equal analgesic efficacy of this modalities, non-pharmaceutical interventions can be used for pain reduction of elastomeric separator. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210927052611N1). Date of registration 2022/03/14.

The impact of 980nm diode laser irradiation on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord's

Various cell types can have their growth accelerated by using low-intensity laser radiation. The study is intended to look at the impacts of laser radiation at low energy intensity on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) generated from umbilical cords to proliferate as well as survive in low-nutrient conditions. The study applied two different energy densities, 2.5 j/cm2 and 5 j/cm2, using a 980 nm diode laser radiation. This allowed for the observation of the effects of these specific elements on the behavior of the cells in a controlled environment at various concentrations of fetal bovine (7.5 %, 10 %, 12.5 %, and 15 %). The cells were grown in a medium lacking in nutrients and were enriched with varying quantities of serum from fetal bovines. The MTT test was used to evaluate the mitochondrial activity of the cell. Following 72 hours, it was shown that cells treated with 2.5 j/cm2 and 10 % fetal bovine serum had significantly higher MTT test activity than cells treated with 5 j/cm2.The results of this study show that even in the presence of dietary deficiencies, low-intensity laser radiation therapy can stimulate the growth of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from umbilical cords.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of diode laser and bifluorid 10 on dentinal tubule occlusion- A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study

The present study aimed to evaluate the use of Bifluorid 10 and 810-nm diode laser alone on the exposed dentinal tubules by occluding the tubules, which is one of the treatment measures including gels, adhesives, toothpastes and mouthwashes used to treat dentinal hypersensitivity. The study involved 20 periodontally compromised extracted teeth which were sectioned, and dentin samples were prepared. The samples were divided into two groups by using simple randomization technique by tossing a coin; Group A: was treated with Bifluorid 10 alone and Group B: was treated with Laser alone. The treated dentin samples were gold sputtered and were then examined under Scanning electron microscope at a fixed magnification of X5000 and the photomicrographs of the area were obtained. It was seen that the specimens in Group A showed better dentinal tubule occlusion as compared to Group B. Lesser tubule occlusion was seen in Group B. After the evaluation of samples treated with Bifluorid 10 and Laser, it was concluded that Bifluorid 10 had shown better tubule occlusion than Laser.

The Comparison of 940nm and 810nm Diode Laser Effects on the Repair of Inferior Alveolar Sensory Nerve Injury: A Clinical Trial.

Healing of the inferior alveolar nerve injury during dental procedures is one of the biggest concerns of dentists. There are still debates on different treatment modalities. This study aimed to compare the effect of 940nm and 810nm diode lasers on the repair of the inferior alveolar sensory nerve. In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 39 patients with inferior alveolar nerve injury were divided into three groups: 1. 810nm laser irradiated, 2. 940nm laser irradiated, and 3. No laser irradiation (control group). All patients were treated in 12 sessions (3 days per week) and evaluated using a complete clinical neurosensory test (CNT), including brushstroke, 2-point discrimination, pinprick nociception, and thermal discrimination before and after treatment. The mean dysesthesia of the patient treated with 810nm diode laser was significantly lower than the control group in all sessions (the 1st (p= 0.003), 3rd (p= 0.008), 7th (p= 0.006), and 12th sessions (p= 0.005)). The 810nm laser resulted in more satisfaction in patients than the control group in almost all sessions (1st (p< 0.001), 7th (p= 0.028), and 12th (p= 0.006)). More patient satisfaction was seen in the 1st and 3rd sessions in the 810nm laser than in the 980nm laser (p< 0.001 and p= 0.003, respectively). 810nm diode laser can be better than 940nm in repairing inferior alveolar sensory nerve damage.

Pain Perception and Anesthesia Requirements in Diode Laser vs. Traditional Methods for Second Stage Implant Exposure

Using a 940nm diode laser or traditional methods, second-stage implant exposure involves removing soft tissue above the dental implant to expose the implant fixture and complete the implant procedure. This study included twenty-three patients (43.5% of whom were males, and the female percentage was 56.5%), aged between 18 and 70 years, who had at least two implants (3-6 months after implant insertion). Implant exposure was performed in case 1, using the traditional methods of puncture, flap, or incision, and in case 2, using a 940 nm diode laser. The study took place in Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that the average pain in the laser group was 1.48, which was less than the average pain in the traditional group, which was 3.70. The pain scores that patients immediately reported for the laser cases were between 0 and 3, while the pain scores for the conventional cases were higher, ranging from 2 to 6. This was statistically significant in favour of the laser cases. All patients using the traditional method required infiltration anaesthesia, while 20 patients were satisfied with topical anaesthesia in the diode laser cases; this was statistically significant, favouring the laser method. This study revealed that the 940 nm diode laser is more efficient than the conventional method regarding the patient's perception of pain and the need for infiltration anaesthesia.

The Effect of Cold Plasma and Low-Level Laser Therapy on Oral Fibroblast Proliferation

Background: Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving multiple phases and cellular mechanisms that restore damaged tissue. The oral cavity presents unique challenges for wound healing due to the presence of microorganisms and the impact of various diseases and treatments. Recent advancements, including low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and cold plasma, offer promising approaches to enhance wound healing by promoting cell proliferation and reducing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold plasma and low-level 980nm laser on the growth of oral fibroblasts and compare their respective impacts on wound healing. Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were divided into nine study groups, including a control group. Two groups were exposed to low-level 980nm diode laser irradiation for 15 and 30 seconds, while six groups received cold plasma irradiation with helium gas at flow rates of 1.85, 2.78 and 5.56 cm3/s for the same durations. Fibroblast proliferation was evaluated on days 1, 3, and 5 after treatment using the MTT assay. Results: The results showed that on the 5th day after irradiation, 30 seconds of 980 nm laser irradiation significantly increased fibroblast proliferation compared to the other groups. In contrast, 15 seconds of plasma irradiation at a flow rate of 1.85 cm3/s had the least effect on promoting fibroblast proliferation. On the 1st day after radiation, plasma irradiation at flow rates of 2.78 and 5.56 cm3/s exhibited a greater impact on fibroblast proliferation compared to the other five test groups. Conclusion: The 980nm diode laser demonstrated a greater capacity to enhance the proliferation of oral fibroblasts compared to cold plasma using helium gas.

Indocyanine green based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontal maintenance patients: a clinico-microbiological study.

Background: Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of periodontitis is being increasingly gaining attention but at present, very limited data are available on the clinical and microbiological outcomes obtained following Indocyanine Green as the photosensitizer in Maintenance patients. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of Indocyanine(ICG)-green based photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients enrolled in maintenance therapy. Methodology: Using a split mouth study design, 24 participants enrolled in the maintenance therapy, having diagnosed as Periodontitis, were randomly subjected to scaling and root planing(SRP). The test group additionally received ICG-based (Aurogreen ®, Aurolabs, Madurai, India,1mg/ml) aPDT with an 810nm diode laser. Clinical assessment of Plaque index, modified Sulcus bleeding index, Probing pocket depth, Clinical loss of attachment and microbiological analysis of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and F.nucleatum were performed at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Results: It was observed that although there was no significant difference between the test and control group at baseline and 3 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean values in both the groups at 3 months. Microbiological analysis showed substantial reduction in detection frequency of the bacteria assessed at 3 months in both the groups. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, ICG-based aPDT did not show additional advantage over SRP alone at 3 months, though it could be a promising treatment modality in maintenance patients in terms of patient comfort and the treatment time taken. More randomised clinical trials should be employed to understand the exact mode of action of ICG based aPDT and its role in treatment of periodontal disease.

The impact of energy-based devices on sebum in acne vulgaris: A systematic review.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a widespread inflammatory skin condition associated with increased sebum production, abnormal keratinization, bacterial overgrowth, and inflammation. Overactive sebaceous glands (SGs) produce excess sebum, promote Cutibacterium acnes growth, and affect acne development. Energy-based treatments (EBDs), including light therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), lasers, and radiofrequency (RF) devices, have emerged as effective treatment options. As the use of EBDs becomes more widespread, it is imperative to understand their effects on skin parameters, such as sebum, in AV. Searches were conducted in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The studies included were randomized and nonrandomized trials on facial AV that used EBDs and featured objective casual sebum level (CSL) measurements via Sebumeter. Data synthesis involved percentage reductions in CSL at follow-ups compared to baseline. Twenty-three studies were analyzed. PDT and RF consistently reduced CSL by 30%-40% and 30%-35%, respectively. Laser therapy showed lesser reductions, whereas light therapy varied significantly and studies had a high risk of bias. All EBD therapies were more effective than no treatment and PDT was superior to light monotherapy. Laser therapy combined with fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) or as a standalone was more effective than laser alone. Noninvasive sebum measurement provides valuable insights into AV treatment efficacy. PDT, lasers, especially the 1450-nm diode laser, and FMR are promising for reducing sebum. Standardization of measurement techniques and further research are vital for enhancing treatment personalization, reducing side effects, and improving AV management.

Anti-biofilm activity of 445nm and 970nm diode laser on mixed species colonies of- aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis cultured on titanium discs -an in vitro study.

To assess and compare the anti-microbial efficacy of 445nm and 970nm diode laser on mixed species biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [A.a] and Porphyromonas gingivalis [P.g] cultured on machined pure titanium discs. A total of 65 machined pure titanium discs with no surface modifications with a 10-mm diameter and a 2-mm height were sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 15min and incubated with the commercially available bacterial strains ATCC(American Type Culture Collection- P.g 33277 and A.a 29522)mixture of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(A.a) and Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g).After a 2-week incubation period with the mixture of bacteria to develop a mixed species biofilm, the discs were divided into three groups: (1) no treatment (control), (2) 445nm laser (test), (3) 970nm laser (test). For each laser wavelength (445 and 970nm), the discs were exposed to 1.0W and 2.0W in continuous wave mode for the times points of 15, 30, and 60s. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by qPCR. A significant reduction in the levels of both species of bacteria was observed between control and the laser intervention groups. A higher efficacy for the 445nm diode laser against Porphyromonas gingivalis and a similar efficacy against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was observed as compared to the 970nm group. 445nm wavelength represents a potential and effective laser wavelength which can be used for the management of peri-implant infection. The present study findings also need to be further validated through clinical interventional trials.

The Endo-lift Laser (Intralesional 1470 nm Diode Laser) for Dermatological Aesthetic Conditions: A Systematic Review.

The prominence of minimally invasive aesthetic approaches has become increasingly pivotal. The endo-lift laser method is an intralesional 1470nm diode laser connected to a fiber that serves both therapeutic and aesthetic properties. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the endo-lift laser method for dermatological aesthetic applications. PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to November 5th, 2023. A citation search was also performed. The National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Out of 339 articles, twenty-three relevant studies were included in the current review. Applying the endo-lift laser method for rejuvenation, including face and neck lifting, enhancing skin laxity, and disappearing wrinkles, folds, and lines, demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profile. Moreover, most studies have shown that the endo-lift laser method is promising in eliminating the adipose tissue in the jowl, abdomen, thighs, and arms. The endo-lift laser technique was also efficacious in nose remodeling and blepharoplastic procedures, including treating eyelid and eyebrow ptosis, eye bag, eyebrow position, and eyelid laxity. Patients who suffer from several diseases, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, progressive lipodystrophy, acne vulgaris, scars, and keloids, benefit from procedural treatment with the endo-lift laser technique. Across all studies, the adverse events were mild and self-limiting. Investigating the endo-lift laser method in all aesthetic and therapeutic indications resulted in high patient satisfaction rates. The endo-lift laser technique has therapeutic effects and is recommended for various dermatological aesthetic indications. Further clinical studies with control groups and larger sample sizes are needed to acquire more reliable evidence. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Targeting sebaceous slands: a review of selective photothermolysis for Acne Vulgaris treatment.

Acne vulgaris (AV), characterized by excessive sebum production and Cutibacterium acnes proliferation in the sebaceous glands, significantly impacts physical and psychological health. Recent treatment advancements have focused on selective photothermolysis of sebaceous glands. This review evaluates two innovative therapies: the 1726-nm laser and nanoparticle-assisted laser treatments. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase using the primary terms "acne vulgaris" or "acne" AND "laser," "photothermal therapy," "nanoparticles," "treatment," or "1726 nm laser." Inclusion criteria were articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals that focused on treating AV through targeting the sebaceous glands, yielding 11studies. Gold nanoparticles, used with 800-nm laser, 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser, or photopneumatic device, and platinum nanoparticles with 1450-nm diode laser, showed notable improvements in severity and number of acne lesions, safety, and patient satisfaction. The 1726-nm laser treatments also showed considerable lesion reduction and tolerability, with minimal side effects such as erythema and edema. Its efficiency is credited to its short, high-power pulses that effectively target sebaceous glands, offering precise treatment with fewer side effects compared to lower-power pulses. Selective photothermolysis using nanoparticle-assisted laser therapy or the 1726-nm laser offers a promising alternative to conventional AV treatments, showcasing efficacy and high patient satisfaction. The 1726-nm laser streamlines treatment but involves new equipment costs, while nanoparticle-assisted therapy integrates well into existing setups but relies on external agents and is unsuitable for certain allergies. Future research should include long-term studies and comparative analyses. The choice of treatment modality should consider patient preferences, cost implications, and availability of specific therapies.

Efficacy of using 810-nm diode laser after impacted lower third molar extraction surgery at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

Efficacy of using 810-nm diode laser after impacted lower third molar extraction surgery at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

Assessment of photobiomodulation by a 660-nm diode laser on the reversal of soft tissue anesthesia in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Soft tissue anesthesia (STA) following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia lasts 3-5 h. It is important to reverse STA after treatment to prevent soft tissue injury (STI). This study evaluated photobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser on STA reversal and its impact on STI following IANB anesthesia. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 32 children, aged 5-8 years, allocated into the test and control groups. Anesthesia was administered; the operative procedure was performed followed by exposure to laser. STA reversal was monitored through lip tapping, current perception threshold (CPT) tests, and paediatric Functional Assessment Battery. The test group showed significantly faster recovery to normal sensation following exposure to laser than the control group which did not undergo any reversal (p < .0001), with a median time of 115 and 60 min according to lip tapping and CPT tests, respectively. The test group also showed significantly faster recovery to normal function (p = .016). The incidence of STI in the form of redness was significantly higher in the control group (p = .022). Photobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser can be considered as an efficient approach to minimize STA and STI after dental interventions.

Dynamic modulation of multicolor upconversion luminescence of Er3+ via excitation pulse width.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) luminescent materials display multicolor emissions, making them ideal for a variety of applications, such as multi-channel biological imaging, fluorescence encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and 3D display. Manipulating the UC emissions of the luminescent materials with a fixed composition is crucial for their applications. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to achieve pulse-width-dependent multicolor UC emissions in NaYF4:Yb/Er/Tm nanocrystals. Upon excitation with a 980nm continuous-wave laser diode, Er3+ ions in NaYF4:20%Yb,15%Er,1%Tm nanocrystals exhibited UC emissions with a red-to-green (R/G) ratio of 11.3. Nevertheless, by employing a 980nm pulse laser with pulse widths from 0.1 to 10ms, the UC R/G ratio can be easily adjusted from 0.9 to 11.3, resulting in continuous and remarkable color transformation from green, yellow, orange, to red. By virtue of the dynamic luminescence color variation of these NaYF4:20%Yb,15%Er,1%Tm nanocrystals, we demonstrated their potential applications in the areas of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. These findings provide deep insights into the excited-state dynamics and energy transfer of Er3+ in NaYF4:Yb/Er/Tm nanocrystals upon 980nm pulse excitation, which may pave the way for designing multicolor UC materials toward versatile applications.

Thermal Effects of 445 nm Laser Irradiation on the Bovine Tongue Tissues Ex Vivo

The purpose of this study was to employ the use of thermographic techniques to compare temperature changes and thermal heat transfer patterns in soft tissues when using the 445nm-diode laser with initiated and non-initiated tips. Methods: Bovine tongue slices measuring 5 mm in thickness were placed in between two microscopy glass slides at a distance of 11 cm from a thermographic camera. Fifteen 2 cm long incisions were made along the surface of the soft tissue parallel to the glass slides and the camera capture field. Incisions were performed using a 445nm diode laser (continuous wave at 2 watts) with 320μm-thick glass initiated and non-initiated fiber tips for a total 30-second irradiation period. The maximum temperature changes in oC (ΔT) in the soft tissues, as well as the vertical and lateral heat transfer (in mm), were recorded at 10-second intervals for a duration of 30 seconds, using the thermographic images captured using the infrared camera and a special image analysis software. Descriptive statistical analysis occurred to evaluate the temperature changes over the critical temperature threshold. Results: The maximum ΔT in oC for the initiated lasers was 17.48 ± 9.05 and for non-initiated lasers was 10.72 ± 2.29. The heat transfer in the two groups for vertical/lateral was 7.50 ± 1.4/18.30 ± 4.01 for the initiated lasers and 7.10 ± 1.82/19.24 ± 3.86 for the non-initiated lasers. Conclusion: Initiated tips and non-initiated tips of 445nm laser present deep penetration depths and high temperatures in bovine homogenous soft tissues. The irradiation period and clinical indication must be strictly followed to avoid complications from overheating in soft tissues.

Comparative Evaluation of Er: YAG Laser, Diode Laser, and Novamin Technology for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In-Vitro Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) Study.

Dentinal hypersensitivity is a brief and painful oral condition that is characterized by an abrupt shooting sensation. Stimulation occurs when hot, cold, sweet, or sour food comes into contact with exposed dentinal tubules. The present study used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to investigate the efficacy of Er: YAG, 810 nm diode LASER, and NovaMin Technology in obstructing dentinal tubules. We extracted the outer layers of 30 human teeth to expose the tubulesand then treated the surfaces with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to create an etched effect. Three cohorts were created from the portions. Group A was subjected to the application of Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet(Er: YAG) laser with a power output of 2W in the non-contact mode for 1 minute. Group B was subjected to the application of an 810nm diode laser with a power output of 1W in continuous mode for 30 seconds. Group C was subjected to the application of NovaMin paste, which contains a 927 ppm fluoride content. Following the therapy, occluded dentinal tubules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for both quantitative and qualitative examination. The data analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, with a significance threshold of 0.05. The average percentages of complete blockage of dentinal tubules in Groups A, B, and C were evaluated using the number of entirely unobstructed dentinal tubules at magnifications of 2000X (F = 3.05, p = 0.064), 5000X (F = 5.33, p = 0.011), and 10000X (F = 8.63, p = 0.001). The count of partially open dentinal tubules seen at magnifications of 2000X, 5000X, and 10000X was F = 10.15 (P < 0.001), F = 5.97 (p = 0.007), and F = 2.12 (p = 0.140) accordingly. NovaMin technology has demonstrated more effectiveness in blocking dentinal tubules compared to 810nm diodes and Er: YAG lasers.

Evaluation of Three Methods for the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomised Clinical Trial

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of Gluma and high-power 980-nm diode laser, alone or in combination, in the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity. MethodsA total of 20 patients (5 men and 15 women), aged 25 to 60 years, who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled in this study. A total of 60 teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups: G1, 980 nm diode laser (in 2 sessions within a 1-week interval); G2, Gluma (in 2 sessions within a 1-week interval); G3, 980 nm diode laser plus Gluma; and G4: control. Thermal (cold spray) and air blast (air syringe of dental unit) stimuli were used to evaluate cervical dentin hypersensitivity in the patients. Their pain response was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before treatment (baseline), in the first treatment session (15 minutes after treatment), in the second treatment session (after 1 week), and in 2-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up sessions. The obtained data were analysed using non-parametric tests, including Kruskal–Wallis test, Friedman test, Mann–Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test, in SPSS Version 22 at a significance level of P < .05. ResultsBased on the results, there was a significant difference in the average VAS scores for cold and air blast stimuli between the 4 groups 1 month after the intervention (P < .05). Meanwhile, the laser group had the lowest VAS score for cold and air stimuli. On the contrary, no significant difference was found between the 4 groups 3 months after the intervention (P ˃ .05). ConclusionThe present results showed that 980-nm diode laser alone was more effective than the other 2 intervention methods for 1 month. Trial registrationThe study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20120901010703N5).

The in vitro thermal effect of a 980-nm diode laser in a gingival simulation model

In periodontology, photobiomodulation therapy applications are increasing due to their acceleration of regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects. It is known that there is an increase in temperature during laser therapy. The aim of this study is to measure the temperature changes while using a 980-nm diode laser with different parameters in a new gingival simulation method.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of QMix 2in1, Octenidine Dihydrochloride irrigants, 940nm diode laser with and without NaOCl, against mature E. faecalis biofilm: An in vitro study

To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl, QMix 2in1, Octenidine dihydrochloride, 940nm diode laser with and without NaOCl against matured E. faecalis biofilm.Ninety extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented and autoclaved. The specimens were exposed to E. faecalis contamination over a period of 21 days and subsequently divided into six distinct groups through a random assignment process. Group I-Control, Group II-NaOCl, Group III-940nm Diode laser, Group IV-940nm Diode laser + NaOCl, Group V-QMix 2in1, Group VI-Octenidine Dihydrochloride. Microbial specimens were gathered, cultured, and the quantification of colony-forming units was conducted.ANOVA, Post hoc test, And Tuckey test were applied to find significance.940nm Diode laser +NaOCl group showed a greater antimicrobial effect compared to other groups. No significant difference was observed between 940nm Diode laser and 940nm diode laser +NaOCl (p=.550), NaOCl and QMix 2 in 1 (p=.121), NaOCl and 940nm Diode laser groups (p =.680)The concurrent use of both sodium hypochlorite and 940nm Diode laser light manifests a synergistic influence, enhancing the bactericidal efficacy. The antibacterial effect of QMix 2in1 is comparable to that of NaOCl, 940nm Diode laser, more effective than OCT and less effective than the combination of sodium hypochlorite and 940nm Diode laser.A combination of 940nm laser and NaOCl is effective in reducing the bacterial count because of their capacity to penetrate effectively deep into dentinal tubules, resulting in intensified bactericidal action compared to newer irrigants used alone.