8-step Method Research Articles

Psychometric Evaluation of the Family Willingness for Caregiving Scale.

Family members and close friends of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience stress and a sense of helplessness. Participating in the care of their loved one may improve their adaptation to the ICU environment and better prepare them for caregiving after discharge. The primary aim of this study was to develop the Family Willingness for Caregiving Scale (FWCS) and test its psychometric properties. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between family members' demographic characteristics and caregiving willingness. The process of scale development followed DeVellis's 8-step method, and the scale was tested in 3 phases. The first 2 phases examined content validity and face validity, respectively. In phase 3, the FWCS was administered to a sample of family members currently visiting an ICU patient. Content validity and face validity were confirmed. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was acceptable, and exploratory factor analysis revealed a 1-factor structure comprising both physical and emotional/supportive care tasks. Caregiving willingness differed significantly by sex, with women reporting greater willingness than men reported. Further testing of the FWCS is needed. After refinement, the FWCS could be used to evaluate factors contributing to caregiving willingness of family members of ICU patients and advance the science related to family engagement in the ICU. Additionally, it could be used as a practical tool to suggest family caregiving activities in the ICU.

Biopsychosocial rehabilitation in the working population with chronic low back pain: a concept analysis.

To identify the essential attributes of biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain in the working population. A concept analysis was conducted according to the 8-step method of Walker and Avant. This framework provides a clear concept and theoretical and operational definitions. Five databases were searched, followed by a systematic screening. Subsequently, attributes, illustrative cases, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents were formulated. Of the 3793 studies identified, 42 unique references were included. Eleven attributes were identified: therapeutic exercise, psychological support, education, personalization, self-management, participation, follow-up, practice standard, goal-setting, social support, and dietary advice. Subsequently, illustrative cases were described. Antecedents, such as motivation, preparedness and a multidisciplinary team, were found, together with consequences such as decreased pain, less sick-leave and increased function and work status. Finally, examples of empirical referents were given. This study identified the attributes that are necessary to develop biopsychosocial rehabilitation intervention programmes for chronic low back pain. The defined concept of biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain may serve as a solid base to further develop and apply interventions. Future research should focus on the objectification of biopsychosocial rehabilitation and conceptualization regarding how personalization is done.

Generating Contextual Variables From Web-Based Data for Health Research: Tutorial on Web Scraping, Text Mining, and Spatial Overlay Analysis.

Contextual variables that capture the characteristics of delimited geographic or jurisdictional areas are vital for health and social research. However, obtaining data sets with contextual-level data can be challenging in the absence of monitoring systems or public census data. We describe and implement an 8-step method that combines web scraping, text mining, and spatial overlay analysis (WeTMS) to transform extensive text data from government websites into analyzable data sets containing contextual data for jurisdictional areas. This tutorial describes the method and provides resources for its application by health and social researchers. We used this method to create data sets of health assets aimed at enhancing older adults' social connections (eg, activities and resources such as walking groups and senior clubs) across the 374 health jurisdictions in Catalonia from 2015 to 2022. These assets are registered on a web-based government platform by local stakeholders from various health and nonhealth organizations as part of a national public health program. Steps 1 to 3 involved defining the variables of interest, identifying data sources, and using Python to extract information from 50,000 websites linked to the platform. Steps 4 to 6 comprised preprocessing the scraped text, defining new variables to classify health assets based on social connection constructs, analyzing word frequencies in titles and descriptions of the assets, creating topic-specific dictionaries, implementing a rule-based classifier in R, and verifying the results. Steps 7 and 8 integrate the spatial overlay analysis to determine the geographic location of each asset. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data sets to report the characteristics of the assets identified and the patterns of asset registrations across areas. We identified and extracted data from 17,305 websites describing health assets. The titles and descriptions of the activities and resources contained 12,560 and 7301 unique words, respectively. After applying our classifier and spatial analysis algorithm, we generated 2 data sets containing 9546 health assets (5022 activities and 4524 resources) with the potential to enhance social connections among older adults. Stakeholders from 318 health jurisdictions registered identified assets on the platform between July 2015 and December 2022. The agreement rate between the classification algorithm and verified data sets ranged from 62.02% to 99.47% across variables. Leisure and skill development activities were the most prevalent (1844/5022, 36.72%). Leisure and cultural associations, such as social clubs for older adults, were the most common resources (878/4524, 19.41%). Health asset registration varied across areas, ranging between 0 and 263 activities and 0 and 265 resources. The sequential use of WeTMS offers a robust method for generating data sets containing contextual-level variables from internet text data. This study can guide health and social researchers in efficiently generating ready-to-analyze data sets containing contextual variables.

8-Step Method for Third Order Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations with Vieta-Pell-Lucas as Approximating Function.

Purpose: In this paper, we derive multistep numerical methods for third order linear Fredholm integro-differential equation using Vieta-Pell-Lucas polynomial as approximating function. Methodology: These new method is implemented by embedding it with Trapezoidal, Booles and Simpson 1/3 numerical methods. The derivation led to a block of twenty-four discrete schemes which simultaneously solves the third order linear integro-differential equation. The qualitative properties of the schemes have been investigated. Findings: The analysis of the method reveals that the proposed method is of order seven and the method is found to be consistent and stable, hence convergent. Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: Numerical experiments have been performed on some selected problems and the results show that the proposed method perform creditably well when compared with the exact solution of the selected examples

Exploring the implementation of role extension for Namibian radiographers: Perspectives on intravenous injection of contrast media

IntroductionRole extension to include intravenous (IV) injection of contrast media has been formally embraced by radiographers and their regulatory bodies in developed countries. The revised scope of practice, in our Namibian context, has formalised IV injection as an extended role for radiographers. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of radiographers regarding this new role of IV injection of contrast media. MethodsA qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to collect data from 15 radiographers working in both public and private radiology facilities. Participants were purposively selected to participate in focus group discussions and individual interviews. An interview guide was used to facilitate the discussions and interviews, and a voice recorder was used for recording. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Tesch's 8-step method. ResultsFrom the 15 participants, three themes were developed: enhanced service delivery with two subthemes (improved departmental workflow and patient care), training needs with two subthemes (inadequate contrast media reaction training and standardised training requirement), and medical-legal issues with two subthemes (regulatory blurriness and role conflict distress). ConclusionThe participants expressed mixed perceptions towards the IV injection role of radiographers, emphasising the benefits for the department and patients while raising concerns regarding standardisation of training and associated medico-legal issues. Furthermore, a large-scale evaluation is necessary to uncover the challenges and barriers to the successful adoption of this new role. Implications for practiceThe role extension for radiographers to include IV injections is a long-awaited development, but it should be accompanied by the necessary training and guidelines to fully realise its benefits.

A Concept Analysis of Family Presence During COVID-19.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required health care organizations throughout the United States to implement strict visitor restriction policies to mitigate the spread of the virus. These policy changes had a direct impact on family presence (FP) in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of FP during the COVID-19 pandemic. Walker and Avant's 8-step method was used. Four defining attributes of FP during COVID-19 were derived based on a review of the literature: being there or with, seeing is believing, during challenging times, and subjective advocates. The COVID-19 pandemic was the main antecedent of the concept. The consequences and empirical referents were discussed. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were developed. This concept analysis provided an understanding of the concept of FP during COVID-19, which is imperative to optimizing patient care outcomes, as literature identified a support person or system as an extension of the care team that facilitates successful care management. Whether by advocating for their patients to have a support person present during team rounds, or by stepping in as the patient's main support system in the absence of family, nurses must find a way to do what is best for their patients even during the unprecedented times of a global pandemic.

Justification of radiological procedures: Radiographers’ experiences at two public hospitals

BackgroundJustification is a process conducted by the radiographer in consultation with the radiologist to evaluate radiological procedures ordered by doctors. The main purpose for justifying all radiologic procedures is to assess the benefits and risks of a requested radiographic procedure and determine whether exposure will continue. Furthermore, justification helps to prevent unnecessary radiation exposure and reduce the chances of harmful effects of ionizing radiation. ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the experiences of radiographers regarding the justification of radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Namibia MethodsThis study made use of a qualitative, exploratory design. A total number of 13 purposefully selected radiographers from radiology departments in two tertiary public - hospitals in Namibia were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide and audio recorder. All interviews were conducted face-to-face until data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using Atlas.ti Windows (version 9.0 using Tesch's 8-step method of qualitative data analysis to generate themes and subthemes. FindingsThe participants experienced an enhancement of patient care through enhanced radiation protection and optimised patient care. They also experienced defunct communication systems through deficient communication between radiographers and referrers, professional role conflict and incomplete referrals. ConclusionThe study revealed that the justification of radiological procedures was linked to both negative and positive experiences. Enhanced patient-centred care was a positive experience related to the radiographers' job responsibilities. The defunct communication support system was a negative experience as it related to the limited availability and utilisation of communication systems that are meant to enhance and support justification by radiographers. The study recommends an in-depth study to quantify unjustified procedures in these two hospital departments. Continuous professional development focusing on justification and referral protocols must be conducted jointly between radiographers and referrers to create awareness and a platform for shared decision-making models.

School-Based Health Centers: A Concept Analysis

This concept analysis aims to provide a conceptual definition for school-based health centers (SBHCs). Despite growing evidence of SBHC growth and impact, there is a gap in the conceptual clarity of SBHCs. A systematic review using Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis produced 369 articles, of which 17 were analyzed. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched with no time limit to capture the history and development of SBHCs. Search terms included "school-based health" and "school-based health center." Accessible and advanced practitioners, heterogeneity, integrated care and location, and youth-friendly provide defining attributions to SBHCs. Antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are discussed. This concept analysis highlights evidence supporting the potential impact of SBHCs as a health service model for advancing health equity. Clear criteria contribute to understanding SBHCs and serve as a basis for ongoing research and stakeholder collaboration.

INTEGRASI FMEA DALAM PENERAPAN QUALITY CONTROL CIRCLE (QCC) UNTUK PERBAIKAN KUALITAS PROSES PRODUKSI PADA MESIN TENUN RAPIER

PT. Pajitex is one of the textile industries that produce sarongs and continues to strive to fulfill customer desires through quality sarong products. During the sarong production process, there are still various product defects that can reduce consumer confidence in the resulting sarong products. Therefore, PT. Pajitex strives to reduce the number of defects that occur in the sarong manufacturing process by exploring various causes of defects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the defective edge on the CR3082 plate using the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method. The QCC method is a quality control system through the 8-step method with a continuous improvement system. At the defect search stage, use quality control tools such as Pareto diagrams and fishbone diagrams, and use the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to obtain the highest RPN value which is a priority in the improvement proposal, and in determining the improvement proposal using the PDCA Methods. Based on the results of the analysis obtained, the cutter cutting and the needling process are not perfect and the tuck-in setting is not precise has the highest RPN value, which is equal to 120, so this activity needs to be monitored and followed up

Quality of Life in Cardiac Surgery: A Concept Analysis

The concept of quality of life has been widely used in various fields, especially health and nursing. Theconcept of quality of life in cardiac surgery patients requires a specific definition. Various experts havedefined the concept quality of life. However until now there has not been an agreement on appropriateand specific definitions. The aim to present a concept analysis of quality of life from the perspective ofcardiac surgery. The method used in this paper was the approach of Walker & Avant (2011). This conceptanalysis was carried out with the aid of literature on quality of life obtained through the internet databasesof CINAHL, Proquest, and Google Scholar. The key words of interest were “Quality of Life” and “CardiacSurgery.” The search timeline was adjusted to articles published within 1976 to 2019. This concept analysiswas performed using the 8-step method Proposed by Walker and Avant. This method is identification of theattributes, antecedents and consequences of quality of life led to an operational definition of the concept ofquality of life as the individual’s perception of himself subjectively related to physical, psychological andsocial behavior to be prosperous in his life. This concept analysis was able to show that, quality of life is theindividual’s perception of himself subjectively related to physical, psychological and social behavior to beprosperous in his life. Quality of life will provide benefits to cardiac surgery patients: reduce length of stayand maintenance costs, prevent complications and social isolation

Social Participation of Older Adults: A Concept Analysis.

ABSTRACTBackground: The concept of social participation is highly valued in old age. However, there is ambiguity and disagreement in the definition and attributes of this concept among the elderly. This study aims to clarify and reduce the ambiguities in the concept of social participation in order to achieve a clear and understandable definition among the elderly peopleMethods: For concept analysis, Walker and Avant’s 8-Step method of concept analysis was used. The published papers between 2000 and 2018 were searched. 57 articles related to the concept were included in the study and accordingly, the definition, applications, attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of the concept were extracted after reviewing the resources.Results: According to the analysis, the defining attributes of the concept of elderly people’s social participation included emphasis on community-based activities and interpersonal interactions, based on resource sharing, active participation and individual satisfaction. Social participation among the elderly people had individual, environmental, and social antecedents as well as individual and environmental consequencesConclusions: The present study provided an objective and understandable picture of the concept of the elderly people’s social participation. The study has pedagogical implications for promoting this concept and developing tools.

#DidacticsRevolution: Applying Kotter's 8-Step Change Management Model to Residency Didactics.

IntroductionLeading change effectively is critical to advancing medical education. Residency didactics often require change in order to meet stakeholder’s needs. Kotter’s change management model (KCMM) is an 8-step method for implementing change that can be applied to educational initiatives. This innovation improved an emergency medicine residency didactics curriculum through application of KCMM.MethodsAn initiative to improve residency didactics curriculum was titled the “Didactics Revolution” and implemented according to KCMM: establish a sense of urgency, form a powerful guiding coalition, create a vision, communicate the vision, empower others to act on the vision, plan for and create short-term wins, consolidate improvements and produce still more change, and institutionalize new approaches. Data from the Annual Program Review was utilized to assess the impact of the KCMM strategy.ResultsThe percentage of residents who agreed or strongly agreed that lectures provide a valuable learning experience increased from 39.1% in the year prior to 88.0% in the year during the implementation (p < .001), and remained relatively high at 73.5% in the year following. The percentage of residents who agreed or strongly agreed that they felt well-prepared for the written boards increased from 60.9% in the year prior to 92.0% in the year during the implementation (p = .01) and remained high at 73.5% in the year following.ConclusionResidency didactics can be improved through the use of KCMM, a change management model originally developed in the corporate context.

Body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer - a concept analysis.

To report an analysis of the concept of body image disturbance in adults who have been treated for cancer as a phenomenon of interest to nurses. Although the concept of body image disturbance has been clearly defined in adolescents and adults with eating disorders, adults who have been treated for cancer may also experience body image disturbance. In this context, the concept of body image disturbance has not been clearly defined. Concept analysis. PubMed, Psychological Information Database and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for publications from 1937 - 2015. Search terms included body image, cancer, body image disturbance, adult and concept analysis. Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis was used. The defining attributes of body image disturbance in adults who have been treated for cancer are: (1) self-perception of a change in appearance and displeasure with the change or perceived change in appearance; (2) decline in an area of function; and (3) psychological distress regarding changes in appearance and/or function. This concept analysis provides a foundation for the development of multidimensional assessment tools and interventions to alleviate body image disturbance in this population. A better understanding of body image disturbance in adults treated for cancer will assist nurses and other clinicians in identifying this phenomenon and nurse scientists in developing instruments that accurately measure this condition, along with interventions that will promote a better quality of life for survivors.

Use of a problem-based learning exercise to teach the lean 8-step problem-solving method.

Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) graduates must be prepared to lead quality improvement (QI) initiatives in health care settings; however, effective and feasible teaching strategies pose a challenge for many DNP program faculties. This article describes a successful and practical problem-based learning exercise for students to work through the QI process using the Lean 8-step problem-solving method. Suggestions for faculty and recommendations for future activities are discussed.

Physiological stability: a concept analysis

To present a concept analysis of physiological stability. Physiological stability is an ubiquitous concept in the literature. However, no operational definition of this concept seems to be clearly established even though a literature review demonstrates multiple uses of the concept. Thus, a concept analysis is required to clarify the concept of physiological stability and identify its theoretical bases. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis. The databases consulted to perform the literature review of concept of physiological stability were: CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Eric and EMB Reviews. Articles were included when the keywords physiological and stability were present in the title or abstract in articles published between 2000-2012, available electronically or in paper at the libraries. This concept analysis was performed using the 8-step method proposed by Walker and Avant. Identification of the attributes, antecedents and consequences of physiological stability led to an operational definition of the concept of physiological stability as a dynamic state of a living organism characterized by the maintenance of one or more physiological parameters within value ranges that vary only slightly in the presence of disruptive elements. It is an adaptive response reflecting the physiological balance of the living organism. This analysis contributes to the advancement of knowledge of the concept of physiological stability by proposing an operational definition derived from theoretical foundations. This concept is important within nursing because it helps to define the effectiveness of nursing interventions and attests to clients' well-being.

Experimental Study of Short-Term Creep Characteristics Base on Step Loading-Unloading Method for Hard Rock

Based on experimental results of uniaxial compression and short-term creep using 8-step loading-unloading method, fine sandstone specimen, which lower creep limit is 27MPa, present typical brittle breakage properties of hard rock. The correlative coefficients of linear regression function for isochronous stress-strain curve are all higher than 0. 92, and the ratio of long-term strength to instantaneous strength reaches 94. 39%，which indicate that the whole creep of fine sandstone specimen is weak. The average correlative coefficients of linear regression function for isochronous stress- axial strain curve are 3. 92% higher than that of average correlative coefficients of linear regression function for isochronous stress- radial strain curve, so nonlinear creep property of the fine sandstone specimen in axial direction is correspondingly weaker than that in radial direction. Negative Gauss distribution can be applied collectively to nonlinear creep of fine sandstone specimen, which has obvious time effect.With increasing loading, the reduction degrees of average correlative coefficients of linear fitting functions of isochronous stress-axial strain curve and isochronous stress-radial strain curve are 0. 97% and 0. 67% respectively, which indicates the linear correlation decreases commonly. Thus, the degree of nonlinear creep for fine sandstone specimen increases along with loading stress with obvious stress effect.

광탄성 위상이동법을 이용한 인장판 경사균열 선단주위의 프린지 해석

광탄성법은 실험역학에서 응력 또는 변형률을 해석하기 위한 여러 실험방법 중의 하나이며, 다양한 종류의 구조물의 응력 분포를 실험적으로 결정하는 기법이다. 광탄성법은 광탄성 영상의 등색 프린지와 등경 프린지로부터 광탄성 시편에 나타나는 전체의 응력장 분포를 정밀하게 측정할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 여러 가지 광탄성 기법중 8단계 위상이동법(8-step phase-shifting method)에 관한 이론을 살펴보고, 경사균열이 있는 평판 시편에 인장을 가하여 나타난 광탄성 프린지로부터 경사균열 선단주위의 응력분포를 8단계 위상이동법으로 결정한 후, 이들 결과를 유한요소법(FEM)에 의한 결과와 비교하였다. 8단계 위상이동법을 이용한 실험에 의해 측정된 프린지 차수는 유한요소법에 의한 계산된 프린지 차수값에 근접하였다. Photoelasticity is a technique of experimental methods and has been widely used in various domains of engineering to determine the stress distribution of structures. Without complicated mathematical formulation, this technique can conveniently provide a fairly accurate whole-field stress analysis for a mechanical structure. Here, stress distribution around an inclined crack tip of finite-width plate is studied by 8-step phase-shifting method. This method is a kind of photoelastic phase-shifting techniques and can be used for the determination of the phase values of isochromatics and isoclinics. According to stress-optic law, the stress distribution could be obtained from fringe patterns. The results obtained by polariscope arrangement combined with 8-step method and ABAQUS FEM simulations are compared with each other. Good agreement between them shows that 8-step phase-shifting method is reliable and can be used for determination of stress by experiment.

A Concept Analysis of Suicidal Behavior

Suicidal behavior is a significant global public health problem. Despite this, many health care professionals remain unaware of the distinction among suicidal behavior, self-mutilation, and deliberate self-harm. The aim of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of suicidal behavior. Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis was used to examine the concept of suicidal behavior. Sources for analysis were identified using a systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, and the reference lists of related journal articles. Suicidal behavior was found to be associated with a constellation of external hazards and internal crises, lack of coping mechanisms and social support structures, and degree of suicidal intent, which, in the worst-case scenario, results in successful suicide. The antecedents of suicidal behavior are vulnerability characteristics that make painful events seem unbearable, and the consequences are death or failed suicide. In cases of failure, the medical consequences may be serious and long lasting. Defining the concept of suicidal behavior provides a basis for public health nurses to better understand suicidal behavior, thus improving their ability to care for suicidal patients during home visits.

Missed nursing care: a concept analysis

This paper is a report of the analysis of the concept of missed nursing care. According to patient safety literature, missed nursing care is an error of omission. This concept has been conspicuously absent in quality and patient safety literature, with individual aspects of nursing care left undone given only occasional mention. An 8-step method of concept analysis - select concept, determine purpose, identify uses, define attributes, identify model case, describe related and contrary cases, identify antecedents and consequences and define empirical referents - was used to examine the concept of missed nursing care. The sources for the analysis were identified by systematic searches of the World Wide Web, MEDLINE, CINAHL and reference lists of related journal articles with a timeline of 1970 to April 2008. Missed nursing care, conceptualized within the Missed Nursing Care Model, is defined as any aspect of required patient care that is omitted (either in part or in whole) or delayed. Various attribute categories reported by nurses in acute care settings contribute to missed nursing care: (1) antecedents that catalyse the need for a decision about priorities; (2) elements of the nursing process and (3) internal perceptions and values of the nurse. Multiple elements in the nursing environment and internal to nurses influence whether needed nursing care is provided. Missed care as conceptualized within the Missed Care Model is a universal phenomenon. The concept is expected to occur across all cultures and countries, thus being international in scope.

Measurement of Stress Distribution Around a Circular Hole in a Plate Under Bending Moment Using Phase-shifting Method with Reflective Polariscope Arrangement

Reflective photoelasticity is a widely used full-field technique for accurately measuring surface strains to determine the stresses in a part or structure during static or dynamic testing. Photoelastic phase-shifting method can be used for the determination of the phase values of isochromatics and isoclinics. Conventional Babinet-soleil compensation method and photoelastic phase-shifting technique were utilized to analyze a specimen with a triangle hole and a circular hole under bending. Three groups of results were obtained by conventional compensation method, 8-step phase-shifting method with reflective-type photoelastic arrangement and FEM (ABAQUS) simulation, respectively. They agree with each other relatively well considering experiment error. The reliability of this combined method can both improve and extend the two conventional methods to be applied to more new fields of stress analysis.