5D BIM Research Articles

Analysis of 5D BIM for cost estimation, cost control and payments

Analysis of 5D BIM for cost estimation, cost control and payments

5D BIM Implementation to Overcome Cost Management Issues in Upstream Oil and Gas Projects in Malaysia: A Review

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the upstream oil and gas industry has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of low prices. Given the volatility and uncertainty around oil prices, it is critical for the sector to exercise capital constraints and manage costs effectively to ensure its future success. In response to the difficulties with cost overruns, oil and gas operators have implemented various strategies and measures, such as cost reduction, project prioritisation, project delays and streamlining the supply chain and contracts. However, these approaches do not provide a sustainable or cost-effective solution in the long term. Previous research on project cost overruns has shown that internal factors, particularly project data integration, are the main cause of poor project performance and cost overruns. However, no approaches or technologies have been proposed to improve cost management or control cost overruns. This paper aims to review the features and functions of 5D BIM that could improve the integration of project data throughout the lifecycle and provide a solution for cost management in Malaysia's oil and gas upstream projects. The methodology adopted in this study ensures a rigorous and systematic approach in reviewing the literature on cost management issues, cost overruns and the role of 5D BIM. Consequently, BIM streamlines cost estimating, saves time by automating data entry and producing accurate estimates, increases productivity and promotes better collaboration within the project team.

The Role of 5D Building Information Modelling in Construction Project Cost Management: An Overview and Future Directions

The significance of 5D BIM in construction project cost management is increasing as the construction industry has experienced significant technological advancements. Despite the growing importance of 5D BIM in construction project cost management, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its full potential and the necessary skills and training required by professionals in utilizing this technology. Thus, there is a need to explore the benefits, challenges, and best practices of implementing 5D BIM in cost management, as well as the role of professionals in utilizing it for optimal results. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap through a systematic literature review and provide insights into the future of 5D BIM in construction project cost management. The paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and best practices of implementing 5D BIM in cost management. Furthermore, it examines the role of professionals in utilising 5D BIM for cost management, including the necessary skills, training, and team-building strategies. Additionally, the paper delves into the future of 5D BIM in cost management, exploring emerging trends and technological advancements. The conclusion summarises the key points and highlights the insights into future research directions.

A framework for smart construction contracts using BIM and blockchain

Poor payment practices are perceived as one of the biggest challenges facing the construction industry. Since payments are issued according to project contract terms, the project’s cash flow is inherently affected by the contract and how parties fulfill their obligations. This research proposes a framework for payment automation in construction projects to achieve smart construction contracts. Payments are automatically issued upon satisfying contract conditions using blockchain. Cryptocurrency is proposed to be utilized in the framework to execute the contract terms with no need for a third party to process project payments. 5D BIM is used to model the geometry of buildings and visualize project progress together with payment status using Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, and Primavera P6. The developed framework has the potential to reduce the consequences of poor payments. An actual case study for a construction project in Cairo, Egypt is worked out to demonstrate the main features of the proposed framework. The results of the case study reveal that project cash flow is secured and payments are instantly issued. Moreover, electronic records of payments are kept on the blockchain.

CALCULATION OF THE AMOUNT OF WORKON A TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARKING AREA LOT OF AN EXCAVATOR FOR BUILDING AN INFORMATION MODEL

Statement of the problem. The construction of information models of construction processes is impossible without an accurate calculation of the amount of work performed on a typical technological parking lot (gripper). The aim of the work is to automate the computational procedures used to calculate the amount of excavation work on a typical technological excavator parking lot, which is used in 4D and 5D BIM models.Results. Analytical equations are obtained for calculating the volume of earthworks at one technological site of an excavator, taking into account the technical characteristics of earthmoving machines, as well as the conditions of work (the category of soil according to the value of the internal friction angle). Conclusions. The analytical dependences of the volume of work on one typical technological site of an excavator on the technical characteristics and operating conditions (the category of soil) can be used to form procedures for automatically calculating the volume of work, the duration and cost of the construction of pits. The amount of work on a single technological gripper can be used to form, evaluate and select the trajectory of the excavator during the construction of the pit.

Machine learning-integrated 5D BIM informatics: building materials costs data classification and prototype development

Non-informatics cost estimation is a tedious process and requires substantial amount of time and manual operations. However, BIM adoption approaches have attracted significant attention with this respect. Since BIM models are object-based with built-in parametric information, it is easier to capture the quantities of building elements and deliver more accurate estimates with less errors and omissions. As most of the current cost estimation standards are designed and developed based on old-fashioned construction project delivery systems, a lack of compatibility between their classification and BIM-based informatics is observed. This study, therefore, aims to develop an informatics framework to integrate a cost estimation standard with BIM in order to expedite the 5D BIM process and enhance the digital transformation practices in construction projects. The developed framework is considered to be a new approach which can automatically estimate the cost of building elements using machine learning-integrated algorithms and MATLAB engine for its effective implementation.

A Review On Advanced Applications of BIM in Construction Field

The conventional practices being followed in construction industry have lower productivity and lot of delays due to miscommunication and mismanagement between involved parties which are, AECO and investors; which results as loss in economy, time as well as resource wastage. With implementation of 5D BIM, before and during execution phase of construction project, scrupulous management, reduction of the delay in activities as well as wastage of resources; also achieving economy became pragmatic and attainable. This study focuses on the probable of application areas of BIM technology in construction field. Based on few recent research papers, study aims at exploring the various application areas in BIM technology.

Required model content and information workflows enabling proficient BIM usage

The modern issue within the construction industry is its conservative approach to innovation and poor data management. In a world where information means everything and efficient workflows are becoming the norm for advanced businesses, not using the attainable data pool is a recipe for stagnation and even regression. Different ways to mitigate the risks involved in building projects have been developed at the design company Elea iC to become more flexible and efficient. Through several large-scale high-rise and tunnelling BIM projects in the past four years, engineers at Elea iC have identified two crucial development barriers for advanced proficient BIM usage. The first is organizing the BIM models: internal model structure, information required in models, and how this information is written into models. The second barrier is establishing crucial information workflows to achieve valuable practical results. Exploration of the required model content and its organization together with data workflows are thus the main purposes of this article. Incremental improvement from project to project was needed to provide a much-needed baseline for crucial project data which makes 4D, 5D and 6D BIM modelling possible. A database structure for model properties was developed, from which consistent properties can be inserted into all project BIM models. This provides a unified internal standard ensuring the correct level of information modelling. At the same time essential workflows for BIM implementation, modelling, data sharing, and information management were also developed. Standard BIM software was used to create the base models, but collaboration with other software developers and adapting their solutions was needed in order to attain the desired outcomes of advanced BIM analyses. As more and more clients require advanced BIM solutions for their projects, neglecting to develop and implement new ways of using BIM will diminish companies’ potential in the market in the long run. This paper demonstrates that BIM, coupled with databases including standard model content requirements and information workflows, can provide a credible solution for proficient project data management in the construction industry. Therefore, BIM must not be seen as an impractical tool only requiring additional expenses, but as a system that needs internal company development to be adequately utilized and profited from.

Creation of Formula to Predict Time and Cost Benefit by Using 5D BIM Rather than Traditional Method of Construction

Creation of Formula to Predict Time and Cost Benefit by Using 5D BIM Rather than Traditional Method of Construction

Examination of the Levels of Development of Building Information Models in the Nigerian Construction Industry

BIM can be used to illustrate the entire building lifecycle, from cradle to inception, design and demolition and materials reuse; quantities and properties of materials, which can be easily extracted from the model; and the scope of works, including management of project targets and facilities management throughout the building’s life. The implementation of BIM in projects or organization is in phases and building information models can be developed as 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D and 6D BIM depending on the stage of BIM implementation and level of details required. This study examined the levels of details of building information models being generated by two hundred and eighty two construction professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria using respondents driven sampling technique. Frequency distribution and percentage, clustered bar chart, mean ranking, Kruskal Wallis test and Fisher exact test were used to analyse the data obtained from the respondents. The study found that the implementation of BIM in the study area is for visualization purpose. The findings also revealed that the levels of generating 2D and 3D BIM were very high in the study area; and that 3D architectural model, 3D architectural and structural model, and 3D architectural and building services model were the most developed variants of 3D BIM. It was concluded that that the status of BIM adoption in construction industry in Lagos State, Nigeria is at the visualization phase.Keywords: BIM details, BIM, BIM development, 4D BIM, federated BIM.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY OF BIM APPLICATIONS IN INDIAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Background/Objectives: To conduct online survey on Indian BIM organizations. Secondly, results of 4D and 5D BIM applications are to be evaluated and compared between 5D BIM technique and traditional technique. Methods/ Statistical analysis: The methodology adopted in this research is based on BIM software. For 4D analysis, software like Navisworks Freedom and Navisworks simulation are used. The data collected from MSP file forming a Gantt chart which is further exported into Navisworks for time evaluation. In case of 5D, BIM Revit software is used for calculating cost and then comparison is made between Sigma estimate and traditional cost estimate technique. Findings: This research concludes that 4D and 5D modeling techniques play an important role in designing work of any construction project. It helps the owner or designer for gaining accurate work progress, planning a short-term arrangement in less time, construction planning and to develop high economy at low scale for small level projects. This study evaluates the difference in time and cost taken by traditional construction techniques of residential house building and 4D and 5D BIM techniques. Traditional techniques require more time than BIM technique because it reduces time up to 80% for the same project. The cost of project by using 5D BIM technique decreases 20-30% after comparing with traditional technique which helps the Indian construction projects to maintain overall budget of project and increased economy. Improvements/Applications: BIM serves several applications which include: Better cost scheduling, recognition of time based clashes, estimation of cost during whole project lifecycle, clash detection and MEP BIM coordination etc. Keywords: BIM, Construction Planning, Construction Technique, 4D, 5D Modeling

The use of normative basis for the construction cost for introduction of 5D BIM in Russia

The article considers the process of development of an information model containing both graphic and non-graphic information in a common data environment. It also gives some information concerning this process. On the basis of this information a conclusion is being drawn that the connection of additional data with the existing information models may produce a deep comprehension of a construction project, that is a design cost estimate.In its term, this property isn’t expressed by a combination of others (questions of the order of erection works, various performance characteristics, a necessary project support), and it may be considered as a linear-independent vector. The authors also developed and presented an algorithm of formation of a collection of consolidated factors of the building construction cost. On the basis of the aforesaid algorithm, the conclusion is drawn that the introduction of data for the evaluation of expenditures into the information model is more efficient with the use of the existing normative basis. This fact allows the authors to show how to calculate the project cost at the stage of its development using the existing construction cost norms. The calculation of the project cost at this stage may contribute to the process of decision making, and it leads, finally, to the development of an efficient design model using an information model.

Structural Engineering by way of BIM

BIM idea is increasing the productivity of work. Multidimensional solutions implemented in BIM systems not only allow many structural calculations, but also access the better scheduling, cost estimating, visualizations. In some cases both software and hardware can be a bottleneck. To create an interaction between BIM philosophy and practice of the structural design the experimental research has tested eight structural systems of the high-rise building by way of Building Information Modelling. Multiple variants of the two main bracing system types: (i) a spatial truss and (ii) a spatial shell bracing system. In every model there was checked influence of slab model: with slabs meeting the conditions of a rigid plate (flexible diaphragm slab) and with slabs with no additional stiffening (shell slab). The ULS and SLS requirements were analysed for elements and superstructure. In addition, selected issues concerning scheduling of works (4D BIM) and cost estimating (5D BIM) were discussed with the extensive 3D model developed in line with the BIM standards. Rapid prototyping has enabled to realize the behaviour of structural systems. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.

Modelling and Project Planning Of a Residential Building by Implementing 5D BIM Technique – A Review

Modelling and Project Planning Of a Residential Building by Implementing 5D BIM Technique – A Review

Application of 6D Building Information Model (6D BIM) for Business-storage Building in Slovenia

The aim of this paper is to present an application of 6D building information modelling (6D BIM) on a real business-storage building in Slovenia. First, features of building maintenance in general are described according to the current Slovenian legislation, and also a general principle of BIM is given. After that, step-by-step activities for modelling 6D BIM are exposed, namely from Element list for maintenance, determination of their lifetime and service measures, cost analysing and time analysing to 6D BIM modelling. The presented 6D BIM model is designed in a unique way in which cost analysis is performed as 5D BIM model with linked data to use BIM Construction Project Management Software (Vico Office), integrated with 3D BIM model, whereas time analysis as 4D BIM model is carried out as non-linked data with the help of Excel (without connection to 3D BIM model). The paper is intended to serve as a guide to the building owners to prepare 6D BIM and to provide an insight into the relevant dynamic information about intervals and costs for execution of maintenance works in the whole building lifecycle.

CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND AREAS IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY USING BIM TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS / INDUSTRINIŲ PASTATŲ IR TERITORIJŲ KONVERSIJA DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI POŽIŪRIU TAIKANT BIM TECHNOLOGIJAS: SITUACIJOS ANALIZĖ IR PERSPEKTYVOS

The article deals with abandoned industrial buildings and lands conversion concept, objectives, problems, beneficial results of a successful conversion for urban expansion, as a complex process of sustainable development. The tools for making effective management and usage of abandoned buildings decisions are considered. The article analyzes the 5D BIM model throughout the life cycle of the building. The foreign good practice is analyzed, where the modern digital technology is used for reconstruction of old buildings. The building information model application possibilities are examined throughout the lifespan of a building. The measures for CO2 emission reduction in the construction sector are proposed. Finaly, the model for conversion of abanoded buildings is proposed, based on MCDM and BIM technologies. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama apleistų industrinių pastatų ir teritorijų konversijos samprata, tikslai, problemos, sėkmingos konversijos rezultatų nauda miesto plėtrai kaip kompleksinis procesas darnaus vystymosi požiūriu. Aptariamos priemonės, kurios padėtų priimti efektyvius apleistų pastatų tvarkymo ir naudojimo sprendimus. Straipsnyje yra analizuojamas BIM 5D modelis per visą pastato gyvavimo ciklą. Analizuojama užsienio geroji praktika, kur taikomos šiuolaikinės skaitmeninės technologijos rekonstruojant senus pastatus. Tiriamos statinio informacinio modelio taikymo galimybės per visą pastato gyvavimo laikotarpį. Siūlomos priemonės mažinti išmetamo CO2 kiekį statybos sektoriuje. Pasiūlytas apleistų objektų konversijos modelis,pagrįstas MCDM ir BIM technologijomis.

5D Building Information Modelling – A Practicability Review

Quality, time and cost are the three most important elements in any construction project. Building information that comes timely and accurately in multiple dimensions will facilitate a refined decision making process which can improve the construction quality, time and cost. 5 dimensional Building Information Modelling or 5D BIM is an emerging trend in the construction industry that integrates all the major information starting from the initial design to the final construction stage. After that, the integrated information is arranged and communicated through Virtual Design and Construction (VDC). This research is to gauge the practicability of 5D BIM with an action research type pilot study by the means of hands-on modelling of a conceptual bungalow design based on one of the most popular BIM tools. A bungalow is selected as a study subject to simulate the major stages of 5D BIM digital workflow. The whole process starts with developing drawings (2D) into digital model (3D), and is followed by the incorporation of time (4D) and cost (5D). Observations are focused on the major factors that will affect the practicability of 5D BIM, including the modelling effort, inter-operability, information output and limitations. This research concludes that 5D BIM certainly has high level practicability which further differentiates BIM from Computer Aided Design (CAD). The integration of information not only enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of process in all stages, but also enabled decision makers to have a sophisticated interpretation of information which is almost impossible with the conventional 2D CAD workflow. Although it is possible to incorporate more than 5 dimensions of information, it is foreseeable that excessive information may escalate the complexity unfavourably for BIM implementation. 5D BIM has achieved a significant level of practicability; further research should be conducted to streamline implementation. Once 5D BIM is matured and widely accepted, it is foreseeable that additional BIM dimensions of information will be incorporated into sophisticated digital building model to achieve specific project outcomes.

Preliminary Resource-based Estimates Combining Artificial Intelligence Approaches and Traditional Techniques

The fate of many construction projects is determined using preliminary project cost estimates. These estimates play a key role during the conceptual phase of projects; as in many cases they are the primary element used to decide their viability. The lack of information and the high levels of uncertainty during the conceptual phase, make it infeasible to have reliable building information models that could be used to generate quantity takeoffs for preliminary cost estimates (known in the industry as 5D BIM), in line with a Level 2 BIM maturity. This paper presents a way to combine artificial intelligence (case-based reasoning and neural networks), with traditional techniques (regression analysis), to develop accurate estimates of the resources needed in a project (e.g., construction material quantities). These estimates of resources can then be coupled with unit cost information to make preliminary resource-based cost estimates. The clear division between the technical and financial components of such an estimate gives improved decision support to project managers and decision makers. This enhances the tracking and control mechanisms which could be used to check the estimates prepared in subsequent project phases. The combination of case-based reasoning with regression analysis and the use of neural networks has shown an improved performance in the estimation of the amount construction material quantities. The proposed combination was used to estimate the amount of concrete, reinforcement, and structural steel required for the construction of tall-frame structures. The results show lower errors (overall mean absolute percentage error-MAPE) for the combined models (2.55%) when compared to the regression models (12.01%), neural network models (5.84%), and case-based reasoning models (9.30%).