12-week Exercise Program Research Articles

Effects of Exercise and a Lifestyle App on Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Physical Health, and quality of Life

Background. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a growing public health problem, and non-invasive treatments may be a valid option. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effects of a 12-week exercise program and a lifestyle app on SDB severity, physical health (anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 18–50 years old adults with mild-to-moderate SDB.Methods. One-hundred-ninety-two participants (age 37.4±6.3years, BMI 33.3±4.2kg·m−2, 52.6% males) with mild-to-moderate SDB (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5<30.0, objective snore ≥10%) were randomized into: Exercise (three times/week, 60 min), app, and control groups. The assessments included a three-night self-applied polysomnography, anthropometryt, body composition, physical fitness, and HRQoL. Repeated ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the changes.Results. Time effect was observed in AHI (F=6.290, p=0.014), neck circumference (F=5.253, p=0.024), hand dynamometry (F=7.102, p=0.009), and 6-minute walking test (F=8.340, p=0.005). Group x time interactions were observed in weight (F=9.318, p=<0.001), BMI (F=9.302, p=<0.001), body fat percentage (F=4.756, p=0.01), body fat mass (F=5.916, p=0.004), and skeletal muscle mass (F=9.380, p=<0.001). Intragroup changes were observed in physical functioning, vitality, and general health in both the exercise and app groups, in addition to role limitations due to physical health in the exercise group.Conclusions. The 12-week exercise program reduced AHI and increased skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness, and HRQoL in four domains. The lifestyle app program reduced weight, BMI, neck circumference, body fat, visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle mass while increased three HRQoL domains in participants with mild-to-moderate SDB.

Assessing the effectiveness of EMG-biofeedback on an isometric strengthening program in individuals with multiple sclerosis

The purpose of this randomized controlled experiment was to assess the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback as an adjunct treatment to isometric exercise in MS patients. 20 patients took part in the research. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: biofeedback (n = 10) or control (n = 10). Over a period of six weeks, participants followed their individual workout plans five days a week. The control group just received an exercise program, whereas the biofeedback group received an electromyographic biofeedback-guided isometric exercise program. The study's endpoints included quadriceps strength, functional impairment, and pain. At baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, and at a follow-up at Week 12, measurements were obtained. In between-group comparisons, the pain intensity, maximal isometric quadriceps strength and functional disability in the biofeedback group was substantially larger than that of the control group at the end of the sixth week (p< 0.05). For MS patients with quadriceps muscle problems, adding electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) to a 6-week isometric exercise program showed to boost quadriceps muscle strength more than the exercise program alone. The findings, however, should be taken with care owing to research design constraints.

Impact of telehealth-based therapeutic exercise on pain, functional performance and dynamic knee valgus in young adult females with patellofemoral pain: a randomised controlled trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a telehealth-based therapeutic exercise (TTE) programme with real-time video conference supervision for young adult females with patellofemoral pain (PFP).MethodsThe study design was...

12주간 복합운동 수행이 고령여성노인의 SFT, TyG 지수, 대사증후군 위험인자 및 혈관경직도에 미치는 영향

This study investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program senior fitness test, triglyceride-fasting glucose Index, metabolic syndrome risk factors and vascular stiffness in elderly women 75-85 years. The participants were assigned to two groups: CEG, n=16 and a CG, n=16. The combined exercise program was conducted 2 times per week and the session was consist of 60 min for 12 weeks. To test the time interactions between the CEG and the CG, to collected data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. between-group main effecs using ANCOVA. The t-test was used for post-hoc, The level of significance was set at .05. As a result, All of the items of SFT changed positively, and the interation effects in TyG index(p&lt;.001), and the main effects between periods in SBP, DBP(p&lt;.001), interation effects in fasting glucose(p&lt;.05), TG(p&lt;.001), HDL-C(p&lt;.01), and main effects between periods in WC(p&lt;.05) in metabolic syndrome risk factors. In addition, vascular stiffness interactions effect(p&lt;.05). In summary, the combined exercise conducted in this study was found to positive effect on elderly women.

The effects of Baduanjin exercise on the psychological condition and heart rate variability of sports-disadvantaged college students: A randomised trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a 16-week Baduanjin exercise programme on the psychological status and heart rate variability (HRV) of college students in a sports-disadvantaged group, offering a theoretical basis for the potential of Baduanjin exercise to improve mental health.Trial DesignThis prospective study enrolled 93 college students from Wuyi University, exempt from the National Standards for Students’ Physical Health due to illness or disability. The participants were divided into a control group (n = 47) and an experimental group (n = 46). Over 16 weeks, the experimental group engaged in the Baduanjin exercise, whereas the control group did not participate in regular physical training.MethodsWe assessed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R, the primary outcome) scores and HRV (time domain and frequency domain indices, the secondary outcomes) of all participants both before and after the 16-week programme.Results(1) Post-16 weeks of Baduanjin exercise, a statistically significant difference was observed in the SCL-90-R scores between the control and experimental groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Notably, the scores for interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, psychoticism, and other factors (predominantly relating to sleep and diet) were significantly lower in the experimental group (t = 4.234, 2.616, 3.450, 2.226, 3.980, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). (2) Following the exercise regimen, the experimental group showed a substantial decrease in heart rate, low-frequency (LF) power, and the LF/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio), and a significant increase in HF compared with the control group (t = 2.358, 4.528, − 2.595, P < 0.05 P < 0.01).ConclusionSixteen weeks of Baduanjin exercise may substantially enhance HRV, potentially aiding in balancing sympathetic–vagal nerve activity and thus contributing to the regulation of mental health.

Effects of electrical muscle stimulation exercise on lower limb muscles and lumbar movement in older adults with disabilities: A pre- and post-test controlled experimental study

In older adults with disabilities, muscle weakness reduces mobility and causes postural issues. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training is effective for increasing strength by inducing involuntary skeletal muscle contractions. Thus, this study aimed to examine changes in lumbar movement, muscle activity during walking, and maximum muscle strength of lower-limb joints based on an 8-week EMS exercise program for older adults with physical disabilities. Sixteen older adults (aged 56–78 years) with physical disabilities were selected and randomly assigned to either the exercise group (EG, n = 8) or the control group (CG, n = 8). EG participants were instructed to wear EMS suits and participate in an elastic band and bare-body exercise program, whereas CG participants performed the exercise program without the EMS suits. Lumbar range of motion (ROM), body circumference, partial volume, maximum muscle strength, and muscle activity were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 for Windows, with the critical value of α = 0.05. Compared to CG participants, EG participants had a superior ROM, body volume, partial volume, maximum muscle strength (knee joints), and muscle activity while walking. These positive outcomes highlight the efficacy of combining EMS with an exercise program for strength and rehabilitation training in older adults with physical disabilities.

Metabolic signatures of combined exercise and fasting: an expanded perspective on previous telomere length findings.

Aging is a complex process marked by a gradual decline in physiological function and increased susceptibility to diseases. Telomere length is frequently regarded as one of the primary biomarkers of aging. Metabolic profiles are key features in longevity and have been associated with both age and age-related diseases. We previously reported an increase in the telomere length in healthy female subjects when Ramadan fasting was combined with physical training. This study aims to characterize the metabolic signature differentiating the combined effects of exercise and fasting from exercise alone and explore the correlations with the previously reported telomere length changes. Twenty-nine young, non-obese, and healthy female subjects were previously randomized into two groups: one group followed a 4-week exercise program, while the other group followed the same 4-week exercise program but also fasted during Ramadan. Metabolic profiles were assessed pre- and post-intervention using untargeted metabolomics. Our results showed a significant decrease in many lipid metabolites in the exercise-while-fasting group, particularly ceramides. Our study sheds light on the dynamic changes in lipid metabolism and its potential role in inflammation and age-related diseases, and contributes to the broader understanding of how lifestyle factors can influence cellular aging and metabolic health.

Investigation of the Effects of 12 Week Aerobic and Fitness Workouts on Individuals Diagnosed with Scoliosis: A Case Study

The study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic and fitness exercises on scoliosis. A 19-year-old male patient, 1.65 cm tall and weighing 57 kg, with idiopathic S scoliosis was included in the study. The ethics committee report dated 01.07.2021-15974 was received from Muş Alparslan University Ethics Committee. Aerobic and fitness exercises were performed 4 days a week, one day apart, and warm-up exercises were applied before and after. Aerobic and fitness movements such as bench row, reverse butterfly, face pull and low row were included in the exercise program. The exercises were carried out by academics who are experts in their field, under the supervision of an orthopedic doctor. X-rays were used to evaluate the effect of the exercise program on scoliosis. X-rays were taken before and immediately after the exercise program. The orthopedic doctor reported that the scoliosis degree of the patient included in the study was 22.5 degrees before the exercise program, but after the 12-week exercise program, the degree decreased to 21.6 degrees and an improvement of 0.9 degrees was achieved. It was concluded that aerobic and fitness exercises applied specifically to the patient gave positive results in patients diagnosed with scoliosis.

Effectiveness of a web-based foot-ankle exercise program for treating ulcer risk factors in diabetic neuropathy in a randomized controlled trial

The need for strategies to prevent complications from diabetic neuropathy (DPN) is well recognized. However, foot-ankle exercise programs show weak to moderate evidence, and barriers to their implementation persist, including broad and facilitated access to exercise programs, which guarantee for equity. In this paper, we report for the first time the effectiveness of a web-based foot-ankle exercise program aiming to improve DPN-related outcomes, gait biomechanics and functional outcomes. Sixty-two participants with DPN were randomly allocated into the control group (CG; n = 31), which received the usual care, or the intervention group (IG; n = 31), which received the usual care plus a 12-week foot-ankle exercise program using a web-based software (the SOPeD software). The primary outcomes, DPN symptoms and severity, were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and the Decision Support System for Classification of Diabetic Polyneuropathy, respectively. Secondary outcomes included tactile sensitivity (monofilaments) and vibration perception (tuning fork), functional outcomes, such as foot pain and function (Foot Health Status Questionnaire), foot muscle strength and plantar pressure during gait (emed plate), and foot-ankle kinematics and kinetics during gait. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks by an assessor blinded to group allocation. DPN symptoms and severity remained unchanged after the web-based foot-ankle program. However, IG showed improvements compared to CG, with greater functional reach at 12 weeks, better foot function, reduced foot pain and greater plantarflexion degree during push-off at 24 weeks. Regarding plantar loading during gait, the forefoot pressure reduced in the IG at 12 weeks compared to baseline, but at 24 weeks, forefoot load increased in the IG compared to CG. The 12-week web-based foot-ankle exercise program was feasible, acceptable, demonstrating safety with minimal adverse events, such as delayed onset muscle soreness and foot muscle cramping. While DPN-related outcomes were unaffected by the 12-week SOPeD program, modest improvements in foot pain and function, functional reach, and changes in plantar pressure and plantarflexion degree during gait were noted, mostly at 24 weeks.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04011267. Registered on 8 July 2019.

The optimal treatment duration for inspiratory muscle strengthening exercises in stroke patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Little is known about the ideal duration of inspiratory muscle training in stroke patients. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term and long-term inspiratory muscle strengthening exercises in stroke patients. Methods This study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 50 stroke patients. Based on baseline maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) values, participants were divided into two strata: those with severely weak inspiratory muscle (stratum A) and those with moderately weak inspiratory muscle (stratum B). Within each stratum, individuals were randomly assigned to either the 4-week exercise group, the 8-week exercise group, or the sham group. The exercise groups underwent inspiratory muscle strengthening exercises. The MIP, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Index were assessed at baseline, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Results Subjects in Stratum A exhibited notably greater improvement after 8 weeks of training compared to those in Stratum B. Furthermore, both Stratums displayed significantly greater improvement following 8 weeks of training compared to sham training. In Stratum B cases, a significantly higher level of improvement was noted with the 4-week training in comparison to the sham training. A significant increase in NEADL index and 6MWT score was observed during the 24-week follow-up period. Conclusion For individuals with moderately weak inspiratory muscle strength, a 4-week exercise program proves sufficient in enhancing inspiratory muscle strength, walking capacity, and daily life activities. However, individuals with severely weak inspiratory muscle strength benefit more from an 8-week treatment.

The effects of baduanjin qigong exercise via telerehabilitation in ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled study

Background and purposeBaduanjin qigong exercises have previously been reported to improve Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of 12-week Baduanjin qigong exercises in patients with AS. MethodFifty-nine patients with AS aged 18–64 were included in the study. The participants were divided into two groups. The intervention group performed Baduanjin qigong online exercise program, control group received home exercises for 45 min twice a week for 12 weeks. Before and after the 12-week exercise program, patients were evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)-Functional Index (BASFI)-Metrology Index (BASMI), chest expansion measurement, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL). ResultsWhen the groups were compared after the intervention, there was a significant difference in favor of the intervention group in the BASMI (p: 0.00–0.04), FSS (p:0.01), and chest expansion (p:0.04). Also, the delta values of the groups were compared; the intervention group was found to be superior in terms of PSQI (p:0.01), BASFI (p:0.00), and BASMI (p:0.04). ConclusionBaduanjin qigong should be added to rehabilitation programs as a complementary method to improve fatigue levels, chest expansion, flexibility, functionality, and quality of life in patients with AS.

Evaluating the Effects of an 8-Week Zumba Exercise Program on Physical Fitness in Sedentary Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week Zumba exercise program on physical fitness and body composition among sedentary women. The primary goals were to assess changes in muscle mass, flexibility, back strength, cardiovascular fitness, body weight, and body fat percentage. Materials and methods. Twenty-four female volunteers (mean age: 22.30 ± 2.10 years, height: 162.80 ± 4.00 cm) from North India were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, participating in a structured Zumba program (60-minute sessions, thrice weekly), or a control group, maintaining their usual activities. The initial and follow-up assessments comprised the measurement of height, weight, Body Fat Percentage (BFP), Body Muscle Mass (BMM), grip strength, back strength, flexibility, and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO₂max). Results. The statistical analysis conducted using the SPSS 26 software and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed significant improvements in the experimental group. Body weight decreased from 58.20 ± 5.10 kg to 56.80 ± 5.00 kg (p = 0.002), body fat percentage dropped from 25.10 ± 5.80% to 23.80 ± 6.00% (p = 0.03), and body muscle mass increased from 20.40 ± 3.20 kg to 21.00 ± 3.30 kg (p = 0.04). Grip strength improved from 32.50 ± 5.00 kg to 33.20 ± 4.80 kg (p = 0.05), back strength rose from 85.00 ± 22.00 kg to 105.00 ± 25.00 kg (p = 0.001), flexibility increased from 31.00 ± 2.80 cm to 34.00 ± 2.50 cm (p = 0.002), and VO₂Max increased from 41.00 ± 5.00 ml/kg/min to 44.00 ± 4.50 ml/kg/min (p = 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions. The 8-week Zumba program significantly enhanced physical fitness and body composition in sedentary women, improving muscle mass, flexibility, back strength, and cardiovascular fitness. These findings support Zumba as an effective and enjoyable exercise option, promoting an active lifestyle and better health outcomes, reinforcing its role as a comprehensive fitness solution suitable for encouraging sustained physical activity.

Six Weeks to Wellness: The Role of Breathing Exercises Based on Motor Development Pattern in Improving Fitness and Quality of Life in Overweight Elderly Women.

Background: Being overweight is a major global health epidemic of the 20th and 21st centuries, which can affect the movement system function of older adult women. This study evaluated the effects of a breathing exercise based on motor development patterns on functional fitness and quality of life in overweight older adult women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 community-dwelling women aged 65-75. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, which completed a 6-week breathing exercise program (three supervised and three home-based sessions per week), or a control group, which maintained usual routines. Outcome measures included cardiovascular fitness, upper and lower body flexibility, muscle strength, dynamic balance, and quality of life, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness (p < .001, ES = 0.652), upper body flexibility (p < .001, ES = 0.652), lower body flexibility (p < .001, ES = 0.538), upper body strength (p < .001, ES = 0.538), lower body strength (p < .001, ES = 0.538), and dynamic balance (p < .001, ES = 0.475) compared to the control group. Quality of life also significantly improved in the intervention group (p < .001, ES = 0.475). Conclusion: Breathing exercises based on motor development patterns significantly enhance functional fitness and quality of life in overweight older adult women. Incorporating these exercises into regular physical activity routines may promote health and independence in older adults. Further research should explore long-term benefits and optimal exercise parameters for older adults.

The Impact of a 12-Week Workplace Physical Activity Program on the Quality of Life of Sedentary Workers: A Pilot Study

Office workers frequently display behavioral patterns marked by extended periods of sedentary and seated work. In this context, the implementation of a workplace exercise program has been shown to be effective in mitigating health-related risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week workplace exercise program on the quality of life of employees whose primary occupational duties involve prolonged sitting. The final sample comprised 19 participants (6 females and 13 males), aged between 21 and 48 years (M = 32.26; SD = 9.03). Among these participants, 78.9% reported engaging in a hybrid work arrangement, 15.8% followed an on-site work regimen, and 5.3% worked remotely. Furthermore, 84.2% of participants reported sitting for 6 to 8 h per day, while 15.8% reported sitting for between 9 and 12 h daily. The quality of life of participants was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. A paired samples t-test was employed to examine differences between dependent variables. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in general health (p &lt; 0.01), vitality (p &lt; 0.01), social functioning (p &lt; 0.05), and the mental health summary measure (p &lt; 0.04). Promoting physical activity through workplace exercise programs offers substantial benefits for workers’ health and quality of life, contributing to the prevention of occupational diseases.

Evaluating Biomarkers of Bone Health After an 8-Week Walking Program in Non-Ambulatory Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study.

Background/Objectives: Stroke survivors have a significantly increased likelihood of developing osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones as well as an elevated risk of bone fractures. However, previous studies on exercise intervention have mostly been on stroke survivors who are able to walk. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of walking exercise on bone health in non-ambulatory stroke survivors. Methods: This pre- and post-test study enrolled a group of chronic non-ambulatory stroke survivors. They were instructed to complete an 8-week aerobic walking exercise program, three sessions per week. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (ICTP) were evaluated at baseline and after completing the walking exercise program. In addition, we assessed the ambulation capacity and balance control using the functional ambulation category (FAC) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), respectively. Results: A total of 9 out of 10 non-ambulatory stroke survivors who were recruited completed the intervention. The serum concentration of OC significantly increased from 8.51 ± 2.28 ng/mL to 9.39 ± 2.97 ng/mL (p < 0.10). The serum concentration of ICTP significantly increased from 4.45 ± 2.58 ng/mL to 5.31 ± 2.92 ng/mL (p < 0.10). Both FAC and BBS scores significantly improved from 1.0 ± 0 to 1.33 ± 0.5 (p < 0.1) and from 7.22 ± 10.02 to 15.78 ± 14.81 (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that walking exercise may improve bone health by initiating a bone remodeling process in chronic non-ambulatory stroke survivors.

Plasma Lipidomic Profiles Improve upon Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Arterial Stiffness Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitum: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Exercise or vitamin D intervention can reduce the risk of arterial stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unexplored. To examine the effects of a 12-week moderate and vigorous exercise program (65-80% maximal heart rate, 60 min/time, 2~3 times/week) with or without vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day) on the reduction in arterial stiffness and further explore whether the effects of interventions could be associated with the basal lipidome among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitum (T2DM). 61 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (CON, n = 15), exercise (EX, n = 14), vitamin D (VD, n = 16), and exercise + vitamin D (EX + VD, n = 16). Arterial stiffness risk factors (ankle-brachial index (ABI); brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The plasma lipidome was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to establish prediction models for the responsiveness to arterial stiffness. Vitamin D supplementation could inhibit the decrease in the ankle-brachial index (mean ± SD: EX + VD and VD, -0.001 ± 0.058; EX + CON, -0.047 ± -0.089; p = 0.03). We observed high inter-individual variability in the arterial stiffness risk factors in response to the interventions. We also found that optimally selecting the lipid predictors at baseline, such as SM d44:6, LPE 18:2, and Hex2Cer 29:0, could enhance the predictive power by 100% for arm SBP changes in the exercise group. Basal levels of Cer (33:1) and GM3 (44:4) could enhance the predictive power by 100% for changes in baPWV in the vitamin D group. A 12-week vitamin D supplementation was beneficial in preventing arterial stiffness. Compared with traditional clinical risk factors, specific lipids at baseline could significantly improve the ability to predict intervention-induced changes in the reduction of arterial stiffness.

Postoperative early initiation of sequential exercise program in preventing persistent spinal pain syndrome type-2 after modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the impact of early postoperative sequential motor control (starting first day post-operatively) and core stabilization training (starting fifth week post-operatively) compared to conventional exercise (starting fifth weeks post-operatively) on the risk of developing persistent spinal pain syndrome type-2 (PSPS-T2). 395 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDDs) undergoing modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and a 12-week postoperative exercise program (sequential vs. conventional exercise: 214 vs. 181) were evaluated for low back pain (LBP) intensity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), temporal summation (TS), fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles, transversus abdominis (TrA) activation capacity and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) pre-operatively, 3 months post-operatively, and 1 year post-operatively. At 3-month postoperative assessment, LBP in sequential exercise group were lower than those in conventional exercise group (P < 0.05), and sequential-exercise patients had greater local-area PPTs, lower TS, lower TrA activation capacities and less fatty infiltration of erector spinae than did the conventional-exercise patients (P < 0.05). At 1-year postoperative assessment, fewer sequential-exercise patients had PSPS-T2 compared with conventional-exercise patients (11/214 vs. 20/181; P < 0.05). LBP at rest and FABQ were lower in sequential-exercise patients than conventional-exercise patients (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both PPT and TS at 1-year postoperative assessment were associated with these measurements at 3-month postoperative assessment in patients with PSPS-T2 (P < 0.05). Postoperative sequential exercise has more positive effects to avoid PSPS-T2 than conventional exercise in patients with LDDs possibly because of its advantages in improving central and peripheral sensitization.

Effects of a 12-Week Mixed-Method Physical Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Stress, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series Study.

Although the health benefits related to physical exercise for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) have been recognized, studies indicate that individuals with CP at school age are less involved in physical activities than their typical peers and are twice as likely to engage in sedentary behaviors. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the effects of a physical exercise program on physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality-of-life variables. A total of 15 teenagers with ambulatory CP (n = 8 boys, n = 7 girls, between 12 and 18 years old; M = 14.35; SD = 1.76) completed a 12-week program based on a mixed-method approach with face-to-face and live online activities. The outcome measures were physical fitness, stress, anxiety, and quality of life. The 12-week exercise program resulted in gains in muscular strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance tests, characterized by an increase in average walking speed and average VO2 max. There was also a significant change in the perception of emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress reported by the participants. The program proved to be effective in physical fitness tests and perception of emotional states. Given the positive effects produced by the program, its design appears to meet the demands of adolescents with cerebral palsy.

8주간 유산소운동이 여고생의 신체구성과 정신건강에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on the body composition and mental health of high school girls. Methods To achieve the purpose of the study, a total of 35 high school girls participated, with 17 assigned to the exercise group and 18 to the control group through random allocation. The exercise group performed aerobic exercise three times a week for 60 minutes each session over an 8-week period, while the control group maintained their usual daily activities during the same period. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted using the SPSS 23 statistical program to examine the differences between the groups, and the significance level was set at .05. Results The exercise group showed a statistically significant decrease in body fat percentage (p=.001) and a statistically significant improvement in mental health (p=.016). Conclusions Aerobic exercise positively impacts the body composition and mental health of high school girls, enhancing their overall well-being. It not only brings about physical changes but also helps to improve emotional stability. Therefore, in order to improve the health and quality of life of high school girls, various aerobic exercise programs are developed, and customized designs are needed considering interest and persistence. Such programs comprehensively support the physical and mental health of adolescents and contribute to building a healthier society in the long term.

Impact of Multicomponent Training Frequency on Health and Fitness Parameters in Postmenopausal Women: A Comparative Study.

Menopause induces physiological changes in women, including increased risks of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and muscle loss, which can be mitigated by physical exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week multicomponent exercise programme, performed 2 or 3 days per week, on health and fitness parameters in postmenopausal women. Eighty-three postmenopausal women (aged 50-65 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (CG, n = 27), 2 days/week exercise group (EG2, n = 28), and 3 days/week exercise group (EG3, n = 28). The intervention included strength, balance, aerobic, and flexibility exercises. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, lean body mass, body fat percentage), lipid profile, and isometric strength were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Data were analysed using a repeated-measures ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio were observed in EG2 and EG3 compared to CG. Lean body mass increased significantly in both EG2 (p < 0.001, ES = 1.37) and EG3 (p < 0.001, ES = 1.50). EG3 showed a greater reduction in body fat percentage than EG2 (p = 0.049). Strength and balance improved significantly in both experimental groups compared to CG, with no significant differences between EG2 and EG3. EG3 also showed superior improvements in lipid profile compared to EG2 and CG. A multicomponent exercise programme, particularly with higher frequency (3 days per week), improves body composition, strength, balance, and lipid profile in postmenopausal women.