3rd Formula Research Articles

Formulation and Physical Stability Test Preparation of Anti-Acne Gel Extract of Tebu Leaves (Saccharum officinarum (Linn) as Antibacterial Against Staphylococcus Epidermis

Increased processing of Tebu as sugar causes the resulting waste, namely the shoots of Tebu leaves. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in Tebu are reported to have strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutation and tyrosine inhibitor activities. Infectious diseases are diseases caused by the presence of pathogenic microbes, one of which causes infection, namely bacteria. Utilization of Tebu waste is expected to produce alternative products in the form of antibacterial preparations, especially anti-acne. Staphylococcus epidermis is one of the bacteria that causes infection on skin with acne. This study aims to determine the physical stability of the preparation Tebu leaf extract anti acne gel and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus Epidermis bacteria. Methods: This research design is an experimental method, making Tebu leaves extract by weighing as much as 400 grams of fine powder of Tebu leaves then put in a maceration container, closed then added 70% 2 liters of ethanol until completely submerged and stored for 24 hours protected from direct sunlight while stirring occasionally. Then filtered, separated the dregs and filtrate. The dregs were re-extracted with the same amount of new 70% ethanol for 2 days. The obtained 70% ethanol filtrate was evaporated to obtain a thick extract using a Vacuum Rotary Evaporator. Tebu leaves extract gel was made at a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15% and an antibacterial test was carried out using the well diffusion method. Results: The results of the physical stability test of the acne extract cream showed that the results met the requirements both in terms of pH, dispersion test, homogeneity. The results of the antibacterial test of Tebu leaves extract showed the presence of a zone of bacterial inhibition which was indicated by the presence of a clear area around the well. Conclusion: The results of the evaluation showed that the Tebu leaves extract gel met the requirements for the physical quality of the gel preparation, both organoleptic, pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. Tebu leaves extract gel was able to inhibit the growth of S. epidermis bacteria with the best concentration in 3rd formula, consentration 15% Tebu leaves extract gel.

Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight

Fetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) DENGAN HIDROKSIETIL SELULOSA SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum is a plant that has been determined to have antibacteria activity for Propionibacterium acnes which serve as one of the cause of acnes. Gel is the topical form used to acne’s medication. Hydroxiethyl Cellulose is used as gelling agent in gel of red ginger’s root’s ethanol 96% extract. The goal of the research is to determine the influence of increased concentration of hydroxiethyl cellulose to the formulation of red ginger’s root’s extract of ethanol 96%. The gel was made into 3 formulas with each concentration of 2%, 2.5%, and 3%. Each formulas wastested about the organoleptics, homogenity, pH, and viscosity. The result shows that on organoleptic test, the gels don’t have any change, they are homogen and their pH were stable. Based on the viscosity test, 1st, 2nd and 3rd formulas have some increase with the addition of storage’s time. The formula 1 have less viscocity with the concentration of about 2%. Based on this research, we can conclude that the 1 st formula was the best one based on the physical, chemical quality and the organoleptic test.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF ANTIJERAWAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherina palmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO

Dayak union contains compounds group of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoids which have antiacne effect. The aim of this research was to provide peel-off mask gel formula from ethanol extract of dayak union and tested its physical properties and their antibacteria activities to Staphylococcus aureus. Peel-off mask gel formulation from extract of dayak union made with various extract concentrasion which are 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) base as gelling agent that has adhesive properties or could make flim layer thatt could peel off after its dried. Peel-off mask gel tested its physical properties, which are organoleptic, homogenity, pH, spread capacity, drying time and viscosity. The results of physical evaluation obtained that 1st formula has calm texture, brown-red colour and unique scent of dayak union, viscosity 60.666 cps, drying time for 725,67 seconds, spread capacity 4.49 cm, and pH 5. Results of antiacne activity shows that 1st formula is more effective that 2nd and 3rd formula, with inhibition zone diameter to Staphylococcus aureus is 0.87 cm. So it conclude that 1st formula is the best formula y ist physical and can give inhibition zone on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

FORMULASI DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN KRIM ANTI JERAWAT DARI EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)

Extract leaves pepaya compound containing karpain alkaloid can bring to a bitter taste and having activity of obstruent against bacteria propionibacterium acnes that causes for acne.This report aims to understand extract leaves papaya can be made in the preparation anti acne cream, and influence distinction concentration extract leaves pepaya of physical preparations quality and cream having influence optimal with low extract leaves pepaya % 1, 2 %, 3 %. Extract of papaya leaves made by maceration for 5 days using solvent ethanol 96 %. Extract of papaya leaves made cream with M/ A type. Cream extract leaves papaya made with low different, the 1st formula with low extract 1%, 2nd formulas with low extract 2%, 3rd formula with low extract 3% and 4th formula without concentration extract. Cream and physical tested quality, quality testing covering the physical: organoleptic, the homogenity, the southwestern spread, the southwestern attaching, the pH, and the southwestern protection. Data analyzed normality with kolmogrov-smirnov followed by test homogeneity with homogency of variances and analyzed by statistic one-way anova if there is a difference followed by tukey HSD. The result showed that leaves papaya with concentration 1% , 2% , 3% can be made of preparations cream affecting physical cream quality preparations .Cream extract leaves papaya on formula II (concentration extract 2 %) has its attaching of 1.65±0.23 seconds , the spread 6.40±0.17 cm is the result of higher than the to a formula I (concentration extract 1 %) power attaching of 1.08±0.05 seconds, the spread of 6.26±0.30 cm and formula iii (concentration extract 3%) has its attaching 1.25 ± 1.11 seconds, the spread 7.03±0.32 cm.

Pediatrician and Parent Opinion on Nutrition in Infants Under 3 Years: Results of Pilot Survey Conducted in Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

Background: Rational nutrition management in infants under 3 years is an important part of their adequate development at this age and in future. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate awareness of pediatricians and parents concerning rational nutrition management in infants under 3 years. Methods : 300 pediatricians and 300 parents of infants under 3 years who live in Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl were enrolled in pilot survey. Results: Pediatricians' recommendations on child nutrition management satisfied the majority of parents (252; 84%), however, less than half of families (135; 45%) followed them. In other cases the child's ration depended on mother's opinion on the matter (96; 32%) and on child's food preference. «Unhealthy» food such as groceries and provision, processed food, spices, seafood, fast food, chocolate, candies, and sweets as well as soda was included in child's ration at the age of 2 and its consumption frequency increased significantly at the age of 3. Pediatricians strongly recommended special dairy for infants from the age of 1 (known as the 3rd formula). In fact, only half of children in Moscow eat them, and 27–30% of children in Ivanovo and Yaroslavl. Conclusion: Harmful breach of nutrition management in infants under 3 years is detected. Evidently, parents are not competent on the question. Optimization of educational activities performed by pediatricians, medical stuff, and mass media is required.

An extensively hydrolyzed infant formula with a new emulsifier system is well tolerated in young infants (LB310)

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas have less physical stability than intact protein formulas. Ingredient(s) are needed to stabilize these formulas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the tolerance of infants to casein hydrolysate formulas containing different carbohydrates (CHO) and emulsifiers.113 infants were enrolled at 0‐8 d of age and fed a hydrolysate formula (Similac® Expert Care Alimentum® powder, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH [CF]) or a formula with different CHO sources and emulsifier (EF) until 28 d of age. A 3rd formula was studied but not reported here. CHO in CF was maltodextrin (MD) and sucrose with DATEM as the emulsifier. CHO in EF was MD, sucrose, and modified cornstarch with no DATEM. The primary variable was mean rank stool consistency (MRSC) from entry to 28 d. Intake and stool records were completed daily and feeding, stooling and formula satisfaction questionnaires were completed at exit.No significant differences were observed in MRSC, 2.28+0.09 for CF and 2.18+0.08 for EF (calculated as 1=watery, 2=loose/mushy, 3=soft, 4=formed, 5=hard). No differences in # of stools/d, percentage of stool consistencies/colors, incidence of spit‐up/vomiting, or adverse events were observed. Parents of CF infants reported significantly better formula odor than those of EF infants (p=0.0267).In conclusion, the results of the study support that EF was a safe and well tolerated feeding for young infants.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories