3N4 Composites Research Articles

Enhanced Degradation of Norfloxacin Under Visible Light by S-Scheme Fe2O3/g-C3N4 Heterojunctions.

S-scheme Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions were successfully fabricated by the ultrasonic assistance method to remove norfloxacin (NOR) under visible light irradiation. The synthesized catalysts were well studied through various techniques. The obtained Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions exhibited an optimal photocatalytic degradation of 94.7% for NOR, which was 1.67 and 1.28 times higher than using Fe2O3 and g-C3N4 alone, respectively. In addition, the kinetic constant of NOR removal with Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composites was about 0.6631 h-1, and NOR photo-deegradation was still 86.7% after four cycles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity may be mainly attributed to the formation of S-scheme Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with built-in electric fields, which were beneficial to the separation and transfer of photostimulated charge carriers. Furthermore, a possible photo-degradation mechanism of NOR for S-scheme Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions is described.

One-step fabrication of S-scheme ZnO/g-C3N4 composites for enhanced environmental photocatalysis

This study focuses on synthesizing zinc oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (ZnO/g-C3N4) nanocomposites for efficiently degrading methylene blue (MB) dye via photocatalysis. Egg white was used as a surfactant agent in the synthesis process. The nanocatalysts were characterized using several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. These ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocatalysts were then analyzed for their photocatalytic degradation of MB dye under direct sunlight. The results showed that the ZnCN2 sample achieved the highest efficiency, degrading 92% of MB within 60minutes. A pseudo-first-order kinetics was also confirmed for the photodegradation reaction. Radical scavenger studies revealed that superoxide and hydroxyl species were primarily responsible for the degradation of MB, and possible S-scheme photocatalytic mechanisms were proposed. Additionally, the ZnO/g-C3N4 composite exhibited excellent reusability and chemical stability, maintaining an unchanged degradation efficiency of MB after five cycles.

Hydrothermal synthesis of CeSe anchored on graphitic carbon nitride nanoclusters as an electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical half-reaction in the process of water splitting, yet its practical application is hindered by slow kinetics and the high cost of conventional electrocatalysts. This study explores the potential of a novel CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as an efficient catalyst for OER in an alkaline environment. The CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic performance, demonstrated by a low overpotential of 196 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a reduced onset potential of 1.29 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Additionally, nanocomposite's Tafel slope of 58.14 mV/dec is significantly lower compared to pure CeSe (76.89 mV/dec) and multi-layered g-C3N4 (89.76 mV/dec), indicating superior kinetic behavior. Remarkably, the CeSe/g-C3N4 composite also demonstrates excellent electrochemical stability, maintaining its performance over a 40-hour period. These findings suggest that the CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite not only enhances the electrocatalytic properties necessary for OER but also holds the potential to outperform traditional noble metal-based catalysts, paving the way for more cost-effective and efficient water-splitting technologies.

Photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus pesticide (terbufos) in aqueous solutions using 3D-printed TaSe2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites

The combination of transition metal dichalcogenide of TaSe2 with a composite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and 3D printing technology enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus pesticide, terbufos from aqueous solutions using the 3D-printed TaSe2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites. The 3D-printed TaSe2/g-C3N4 composites efficiently degrade terbufos upon exposure to UV light, reaching more than 95% degradation of 10 ppm terbufos with a decomposition rate constant of 0.3305 min-1. This rate is 37% more enhanced than that of TaSe2/g-C3N4 (0.2409 min-1) and 57.98% more than that of g-C3N4 (0.2092 min-1). Under visible light, terbufos degradation was achieved in 90 min at a slower rate of 0.0492 min−1, and 6.72 times less efficient than under UV light, emphasizing the superior efficiency of UV light for this system. Additionally, the mechanism, degradation pathway, and reusability of the materials are explored, underscoring the potential of 3D-printed TaSe2/g-C3N4 as a potential nanocomposite for photocatalytic applications.

P3HT/g-C3N4 composite fiber membranes for high-performance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

As a superstar semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) demonstrates high efficiency in carrier transport ability and wide absorption range. However, pristine P3HT exhibits minimal photocatalytic activity as a result of its short carrier transport distance and fast electron-hole recombination. Here, we strategically fabricated P3HT/g-C3N4 composites on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fiber (PTCN) via electrospinning and the physicochemical properties were fully investigated. Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrated a well-defined p-n heterojunctions can be formed between P3HT and g-C3N4 molecules through π-π interaction and extended conjugated length of P3HT could be achieved by tuning the ratios of P3HT relative to g-C3N4. The presence of the heterojunctions facilitates the effective disconnection of the electron-hole pairs, resulting in a significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 7327 μ mol/(h·g) for the PTCN fiber membranes. This value exceeds that of P3HT fibers by 57.7 times and powder g-C3N4 by 6.8 times, respectively. The high photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of P3HT/g-C3N4 fiber membrane expands the application of P3HT. More importantly, these results indicate that the construction of heterojunction fiber materials is a promising approach for improving the photocatalytic ability of conjugated semiconducting polymers.

Preparation of flower-like hierarchical structure SnO2/g-C3N4 and its ethanol gas-sensitive properties

The flower-like hierarchical structured SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with high-temperature calcination. The structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The gas-sensitive performance of the pure SnO2 and SnO2/g-C3N4 sensors were investigated and compared towards ethanol gas. The results showed that the response of the SnO2/g-C3N4 composites to 100 ppm ethanol gas at 200 °C was 18.88, which was 2.09 times that of pure SnO2, with response and recovery time of 2 s and 13 s. In addition, the gas sensor has excellent selectivity for ethanol gas, good repeatability, and long-term stability. These gas-sensitive properties of the flower-like graded structure SnO2/g-C3N4 to ethanol gas are attributed to the materials which have unique graded structure and n-n heterojunction. KEY WORDS: Hierarchical structure, SnO2/g-C3N4, Gas sensing property Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 141-152. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.12

Synthesis of tin selenide nanoparticles using Polygonum avicular extract decorated on graphitic carbon nitride for enhancing photodegradation of amoxicillin trihydrate and photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide

In this research, tin selenide nanoparticles (SnSe-NPs) were synthesized using Polygonum avicular extract via the hydrothermal method and decorated on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by the simple sonicated method to produce SnSe/g-C3N4 composites. The characterization and properties of the SnSe/g-C3N4 composites, as compared to pristine SnSe and g-C3N4, were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a result, the SnSe-NPs possessed the rod-like shape and after the decoration onto the g-C3N4 sheet surface, it reduced the bandgap energy of the g-C3N4 from 2.58 downward 1.43 eV. Besides, the photoactivities of the 10-SnSe/g-C3N4 catalyst were investigated via both sides of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMXT) photodegradation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photoproduction, in which the results were achieved 87.84 % AMXT and 85.48 μM H2O2, respectively, under visible light. Furthermore, the photodegradation was consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetics and it performed the highest photodegradation at pH ∼5, while the importance of isopropyl alcohol as a trapping agent and •O2− radicals was affirmed in the H2O2 photoproduction. Moreover, the photoproduction of H2O2 was remained after 4 cycles achieved at 62.70 % in the final cycle, which demonstrated the stability and reusability of the 10-SnSe/g-C3N4. These aforementioned results demonstrate that the SnSe/g-C3N4 material is a promising candidate for addressing environmental pollution and energy scarcity issues.

Efficient tetracycline removal from hospital wastewater using visible light active M-type lead hexaferrite/g-C3N4 composites

Efficient tetracycline removal from hospital wastewater using visible light active M-type lead hexaferrite/g-C3N4 composites

Alginate/CuO-gC3N4 composite: a novel, reusable, non-toxic photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation.

Increasing industrial contamination necessitates development of sustainable water treatment solutions. Photocatalysis is a green technology utilizing light-activated materials (photocatalysts), which can degrade pollutants into harmless by-products. It is an emergent need to develop a photocatalyst that presents a significant advancement for sustainable water treatment and non-toxic to the environment. This study investigates the photocatalytic activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of a novel hybrid material comprising of alginate, copper oxide (CuO) and graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The hybrid material was synthesized by a two-step process: (i) doping of CuO on gC3N4 through co-precipitation method formed CuO-gC3N4 (CG) and (ii) incorporation of CG in the calcium alginate (A) by ionotropic gelation method that is named as ACG. The characteristic features of the synthesized A, CG and ACG were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical characteristic of A, CG and ACG was studied using UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The morphology and elemental composition of ACG was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To assess the environmental impact of ACG, a two-step approach was employed. First, the photocatalytic activity of ACG under UV-visible light (UV-vis) irradiation for MB degradation was evaluated. ACG exhibited photocatalytic activity by achieving 86.26% of degradation efficiency for MB within 60min. Second, the in vitro cytotoxicity of ACG, MB and MB degraded products towards tilapia gill cell lines were assessed. By comparing the toxicity of the MB and the secondary products, it is concluded that the overall process leads to a sustainable outcome.

Efficient photocatalytic CO2 and Cr(VI) reduction on carbon spheres/g-C3N4 composites with enriched nitrogen vacancies

In this study, carbon spheres (CS)/g-C3N4 composite materials were fabricated by a hydrothermal method, and the characterizations have confirmed the successful anchoring of CS onto the surface of g-C3N4, constructing enriched nitrogen vacancies during the synthesis process. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of g-C3N4 is enhanced by all of these advantageous factors. The significant enhancement can be attributed to the tight interfacial interaction between CS and g-C3N4, which endows with the photocatalyst a larger specific surface area, higher light utilization efficiency and stronger capability for photoinduced charges separation. Furthermore, the presence of nitrogen vacancies further accelerates the separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated charges, provides additional active sites to promote the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules, thereby effectively boosting the photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction. The CO2 conversion rate on CS/g-C3N4 composite materials is higher than that on the reference g-C3N4. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) is also superior to that of the reference g-C3N4 under three different monochromatic light irradiations. The stability of the catalyst was verified through cycling experiments, indicating promising potential practical industrial application. The CO2 reduction mechanism and transformation pathways were elucidated using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The photocatalytic reduction rate constant of Cr(VI) by 50CS/CN is 2.9 times higher than that by CN. This study introduces a facile approach for synthesizing g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials, providing an interesting strategy to boost photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 for photocatalytic CO2 and Cr(VI) reduction.

Ag2Se nanoparticles anchored on S-g-C3N4 nanosheets towards efficient photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride removal and H2 generation

To improve the stability of Ag based co-catalysts and to increase the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), Ag2Se nanoparticles were grown onto superior thin sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets which was fabricated via two-step thermal polymerization at high temperature. Ultrathin S-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets were prepared via two-step thermal polymerization using melamine and thiourea. The ratios of Ag2Se were adjusted to fabricate a series of Ag2Se/S-g-C3N4 (Ag2Se/SCN) composite samples by controlled solvothermal synthesis. S-doping plays an important role in mono-dispersion of Ag2Se nanoparticles on S-g-C3N4 nanosheets because of the control of growth sites. The photocatalytic removal of tetracycline hydrochloride test indicates that sample Ag2Se/SCN-3 with Ag2Se loading of 3 % reveals the best removal effect, in which tetracycline hydrochloride of 60 % is removed within 60 min. Photocatalytic hydrogen generation test results without co-catalyst addition demonstrate that sample Ag2Se/SCN-3 exhibits the best H2 evolution rate of 2116.35 μmol·g−1·h−1, which is 3.8 times of that of pure carbon nitride. The photocatalytic mechanism tests suggest that Schottky heterojunctions are formed in the Ag2Se/S-g-C3N4 composites. The formation of Schottky heterojunctions improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. The incorporation of Ag2Se nanoparticles (as the co-catalyst) on S-g-C3N4 nanosheets is the key for drastically improving the photocatalytic performance and eliminating the use of Pt co-catalyst during the photocatalytic processes.

Enhancement of peroxymonosulfate activation through regulating electronic structure of cobalt phthalocyanine by g-C3N4 for rhodamine B degradation

The catalytic performance of cobalt-based catalysts in Fenton-like reactions is significantly influenced by the electron density of Co centers. However, precise control of the electronic structure to enhance the degradation activity remains a challenge. This paper demonstrates a method to enhance the catalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) by modulating its electronic structure via integrating with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The electron redistribution between g-C3N4 and CoPc was observed, resulting in electron-rich Co centers. Consequently, the CoPc/g-C3N4 composites exhibit significantly enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation capability compared to CoPc and their physical mixtures. The improved catalytic performance is due to the electron-rich Co centers, better dispersion of CoPc, and enhanced hydrophilicity. This study proposes a novel strategy for the design of efficient PMS activation catalysts.

Effectively enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of novel noble metal-free Cu(OH)2/MoSe2-g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite under visible light irradiation

The present work presents a novel copper hydroxide-molybdenum diselenide-carbon nitride (3 % Cu(OH)2/MoSe2-g-C3N4, (3CM-CN)) ternary nanocomposite catalyst. This catalyst was synthesized using a three-step process: hydrothermal synthesis, ball milling, and wet impregnation. The focus of this research is on the hydrogen generation (H₂) capabilities of this novel material. The catalyst was extensively characterized using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), resulting in a comprehensive understanding of its structure, morphology, optical properties, and surface composition. The catalytic activity and mechanism of Cu(OH)2/MoSe2-g-C3N4 composites were investigated. The ternary nanocomposite catalyst significantly enhanced hydrogen production, achieving rates 7.7 times greater than g-C3N4 and 4 times greater than 3 % Cu(OH)2/MoSe2 (3CM). Its maximum production reached an impressive 3012 µmol g−1 h−1. The analysis demonstrated a significant increase in active sites on the composite’s surface, accompanied by an increase in the composite-specific surface area to 73 m2/g. The development of a ternary nanocomposite led to a higher rate of catalyst production for hydrogen generation while simultaneously decreasing the rate of electron-hole recombination. It gave an innovative strategy for constructing highly efficient composite catalysts for hydrogen generation very effectively.

LaxNiy Mn2-(x+y)O3/g-C3N4 composite: A multifunctional material for photocatalytic and adsorptive removal of pollutants with statistical evaluation

The disposal of tons of organic chemicals annually in water resources is an alarming threat to the environment. Among the various remediation techniques, the combination of adsorption and degradation is a highly effective and economical strategy for eliminating these contaminants. In this study, a novel LaxNiyMn2-(x+y)O3/g-C3N4 composite [x,y = (0.00,0.00), (0.03,0.06), (0.06,0.03), (0.045,0.045)] is synthesized by a low-temperature and cost-efficient sol-gel auto-combustion method to address this issue. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the composite, respectively. The optical properties of the composite were investigated by a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples was evaluated against crystal violet and 4-nitrophenol under solar irradiation. The doped composite La0.06Ni0.03Mn1.91O3/g-C3N4 exhibited superior degradation efficiency of 87.54 % for crystal violet in 60 min, compared to 56.2 % for the undoped composite. The same composite also achieved 78 % reduction of 4-nitrophenol without any external reducing agent. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms models and statistical analysis were applied to the composite to elucidate the adsorption mechanism and the optimal conditions. The results demonstrated that the composite is an excellent candidate for environmental remediation due to its remarkable degradation and adsorption capabilities against organic pollutants.

Photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B using a novel g–C3N4–organic solid waste biochar composite: Pathway, key factors, and mechanism

Over the past decades, water pollution caused by organic dyes has attracted extensive attention. The development of efficient, environmental friendly photocatalysts is a promising route for wastewater purification. Herein, a novel wild jujube shell derived biochar/g-C3N4 (BC/CN) composite has been prepared via a one-step calcination route. Although the specific surface area (9.37 m2/g) and pore size (14.57) of the BC/CN composite are smaller than those of g-C3N4, it exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity. Especially, the 0.25-BC/CN composite (sour jujube shell powder/melamine ratio = 0.25) displays excellent photocatalytic activity, and can degrade ∼97.1 % of RhB under 40 min light irradiation, which is ∼46.51 times to that of pure g-C3N4. The actives species of h+, ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2 active species play the important roles in the photocatalytic system of the BC/CN composite. The results mechanistic study demonstrates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the BC/CN composite can be mainly attributed to the improved light absorption and charge separation efficiency of the catalyst. This work provides a simple method for preparing of novel highly efficient g–C3N4–based photocatalyts for wastewater purification, and provides a new idea for the recycling, and high-value utilization of the organic solid waste from traditional Chinese medicine.

Metal-Free Carbon Co-Catalysts for Up-Conversion Photo-Induced Catalytic Cancer Therapy.

Near-infrared (NIR)-responsive metal-free carbon co-catalysts that convert glucose into H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are developed from phosphorus-doped carbon nitride (P-C3N4) and graphene quantum dots (GQD) composites, for enhanced photocatalytic cancer therapy by light exposure in the targeted tumor microenvironment. Upon irradiation, the NIR light is converted by GQD with up-conversion function into visible light to excite P-C3N4 for photocatalytic conversion of glucose into H2O2, which subsequently decomposes into ROS. ROS thus generated exhibits an excellent anticancer efficacy for efficient cancer therapy with minimal side effects, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo studies. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a cancer therapeutic of GQD/P-C3N4 composite that utilizes a two-step cascade effect using initially NIR-triggered GQD nanoparticles to activate P-C3N4 to photocatalytically generate ROS for effective and targeted cancer therapy.

Construction of NiTiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction with preferable photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation

Tetracycline antibiotics as one of the most widely used antibiotics at present, are difficult to degrade in the environment, which poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. In this work, NiTiO3/g-C3N4 composites were successfully constructed by calcination method using nickel acetate tetrahydrate as nickel source and tetrabutyl titanate as titanium source. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the 5 wt% NiTiO3/g-C3N4 composite of TC can reach 88.2 % within 150 min, which was 1.4 and 2.2 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 (63 %) and NiTiO3 (40 %), respectively. The 5 wt% NiTiO3/g-C3N4 composite can still maintain good stability after four cycles. The experimental results showed that the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction can effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of the catalysts and maintain good redox properties at the same time. Furthermore, a possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of NiTiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction has been suggested.

Construction of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 Z-Scheme Heterojunction Composites with Visible Light Response for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation.

Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 photocatalytic composites were synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal synthesis for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in wastewater, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The degradation of RhB by Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composites was investigated to evaluate their photocatalytic performance and cyclic degradation stability. The experimental results showed that the composites demonstrated notable photocatalytic activity and stability during degradation. Their high degradation efficiency is attributed to the Z-scheme transfer mechanism, in which the electrons in the Ag3PO4 conduction band and the holes in the g-C3N4 valence band are annihilated by heterojunction recombination, which greatly limits the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in the catalyst and enhances the activity of the composite photocatalyst. In addition, measurements of photocurrent (PC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that the efficient charge separation of photo-generated charges stemmed from strong interactions at the close contact interface. Finally, the mechanism for catalytic enhancement in the composite photocatalysts was proposed based on hole and radical trapping experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, and work function evaluation.

Enhanced PMMA Denture Bases Using Functionalized MWCNT Fused g-C3N4 Nanocomposites

This study presents the development and analysis of a new metal-free nanocomposite that incorporates functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for reinforcing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases. The f-MWCNTs were integrated with g-C3N4 nanoparticles, and their structural and morphological features were examined using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. A mechanical blending process was employed to synthesize the nanocomposite by mixing 2 wt% of the f-MWCNT/g-C3N4 with PMMA polymer powder, followed by heat curing to form the composite material. Specimens for mechanical testing were crafted to measure flexural strength, impact resistance, compressive performance, and hardness. The findings revealed that the f-MWCNT/g-C3N4-reinforced PMMA composites outperformed standard PMMA in mechanical robustness. Surface examination of the tested samples through SEM showed distinctive dimpling and roughness, indicating a toughened fracture surface in comparison to pure PMMA and g-C3N4 samples. The study concludes that this innovative f-MWCNT/g-C3N4 composite is a promising reinforcement for PMMA denture bases, enhancing both their mechanical and physical attributes.Keywords: PMMA, functionalization, MWCNTs, Graphitic Carbide Nitride, Mechanical Properties and Denture Base

Novel 2D layered g-C3N4 nanocomposite materials for sustainable wastewater treatment by catalytic degradation of toxic dye

The photocatalytic degradation technique is one of the suitable ways of dealing with environmental pollutant decontamination. This study demonstrates the ability of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites containing tellurium (Te) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to photocatalytically destroy organic cationic methylene blue (MB) dye, which is primarily used in the textile industry. Using the alkali treatment approach, layered graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was created. Using MoS2 and Te, several g-C3N4 nanocomposites were created using ultrasonic calcination techniques. After the MoS2 and Te were immobilized individually, the composites underwent a methodical characterization process utilizing a variety of instruments, including XRD and SEM. Using a 2D layered nano-g-C3N4 substrate, the photo-catalytic degradation reaction of MB was observed, and a UV spectrophotometer was used to determine the absorbance of the MB dye. Using 0.2 % MoS2/g-C3N4 and 5 % Te/g-C3N4, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the MB dye (10, 15, and 20 mg/L) solution was examined. In comparison to other produced nanocomposites, the 5 % Te/g-C3N4 composite was shown to have the highest photocatalytic activity in terms of dye degradation ability, and about 100 % of the MB dyes were degraded in less than 60 minutes. As the concentration of MB increased, the dye degradation efficiency of g-C3N4 nanocomposites steadily dropped, and the degradation rate of MB was around 1.5 mg/L.