To accurately predict three-dimensional (3D) crack propagation in turbine blades, the complex conditions induced by the unique geometry must be considered. In this study, a specific numerical approach to simulate 3D crack propagation in turbine blades was established. First, an appropriate mesh strategy was proposed to accommodate various types of cracks induced in turbine blades, and an optimal scheme of crack mesh refinement was determined. Furthermore, a 3D crack propagation implementation algorithm was employed to consider the crack shape evolution effect. The proposed approach was applied to a high-pressure turbine blade of an aero-engine, and risk levels were evaluated for cracks in different positions. The proposed numerical method is a practical approach that can easily and effectively predict crack propagation behavior in turbine blades. It is expected to contribute toward life management and damage monitoring of turbine blades.