3D Software Research Articles

Application of virtual endoscopic imaging to parapelvic cyst incision by flexible ureteroscopy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the kidney, parapelvic cyst and the collecting system was conducted using the 3D Slicer software. The reconstructed image was used to form a virtual endoscope to assist flexible ureteroscopic incision and drainage was performed with a holmium laser for treating parapelvic cysts. The effectiveness of this assistive technique was assessed. This was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical information of 59 patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopic incision and drainage for parapelvic cysts in two medical centers was collected. 3D Slicer software reconstruction and virtual endoscopic imaging were performed for 28 cases. Before the operation, the best point for incision on the collecting system's mucosa was assessed by virtual endoscope imaging. Propensity score matching was adopted for the reconstructive and non-reconstructive groups. After matching, the reconstructive group and non-reconstructive group both had 21 cases each. The operation time in the reconstructive and non-reconstructive groups was 38.81±5.01 and 51.00±18 minutes, respectively. Statistically significant differences existed between the two groups (t=7.024, P<0.001). No statistical significance was found in postoperative fever, immediate postoperative C reactive protein (CRP), length of postoperative hospital stay and cyst diameter three months after the operation. The operator was provided with a more direct and real vision when 3D Slicer software reconstruction was adopted via virtual endoscopic imaging to assist flexible ureteroscopic parapelvic cyst incision. This helped reduce the operation time. Further follow-ups and observations are required to assess the long-term efficacy of flexible ureteroscopic parapelvic cyst incision.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДІВ ВІРТУАЛЬНОЇ РЕАЛЬНОСТІ ДЛЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ПРАКТИЧНИХ НАВИКІВ З ВИПРОБУВАНЬ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ

Introduction. Current developments that are being implemented by modern organizations must include not only initial methodological complexes of disciplines (modules), but also security programs aimed at mastering professional competencies. The optimal way to develop competencies is through virtual laboratories, which are modeled in an electronic lighting environment on real-world objects. Problem Statement. The problem of this article is the need to promote current technologies of virtual modeling, which is considered as a tool for increasing the brightness of engineering lighting. Purpose. development and implementation of virtual 3D laboratories to obtain practical skills from testing real-life materials. Materials and methods. 3D graphics editor, software Unity 2022.3.4. Results. We also have an analysis of programs for 3D modeling, which can be used not only for the purpose of displaying on printed products or on the computer screen, but also for the development of entire elements. In addition to software products, the authors propose an approach to creating a virtual technological laboratory, which allows industry professionals to learn practical skills from testing real-life materials.

On optical soliton solutions of the higher-order Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel model having the cubic-quintic-septic law in the presence of spatio-temporal and chromatic dispersion

Abstract The higher-order Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation (LPDE) with the cubic-quinticseptic (CQS) law having spatiotemporal and chromatic dispersion terms (STD-CD) is examined to derive new optical soliton solutions. To accomplish this aim, we operated on&amp;#xD;a simple version of the new extended auxiliary equation method (SAEM26). The optical soliton solutions of the LPDE with CQS as well as STD-CD are constructed in detail. Moreover, 3D-surface, contour, and 2D plots are presented for the bright and periodic singular&amp;#xD;soliton solutions. Additionally, the effects of diverse model parameters on the bright soliton structure are surveyed, and these effects are displayed with 2D graphics. The findings established in this work can positively contribute to research in nonlinear optics, while the&amp;#xD;SAEM26 can be effectively applied to similar nonlinear models.

Палеопротерозойские строматолиты восточной части Фенноскандинавского щита: микроструктура и 3D-моделирование

The purpose of this study is to study the microstructure and 3D modeling of Paleoproterozoic stromatolites Segosia columnaris and Sundosia mira in the eastern part of the Fennoscandian shield (Karelian craton). The premise of the study is the extensive paleontological material collected by researchers in the 1950s and 1980s. Modern methods, including SEM analysis, 3D modeling, and the results of Raman spectroscopy are used. As a result of studying the microstructure of stromatolites, possible remnants of cyanobacteria involved in the formation of these structures were identified, which potentially indicated the biogenic origin of the studied samples. The results of Raman spectroscopy obtained by other authors also indicate the biogenic nature of the studied samples. For the first time, images of the spatial shapes of the studied stromatolites were obtained by 3D visualization software, which could be used to refine the classification of stromatolites by morphological features. 3D modeling of stromatolite buildings allowed restoring their original shape.

The Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Simulation in Orthognathic Surgery—A Systematic Review

Three-dimensional soft tissue simulation has become a popular tool in the process of virtual orthognathic surgery planning and patient–surgeon communication. To apply 3D soft tissue simulation software in routine clinical practice, both qualitative and quantitative validation of its accuracy are required. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the accuracy of 3D soft tissue simulation in orthognathic surgery. The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were consulted for the literature search. The systematic review (SR) was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, and 40 articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Quadas-2 tool was used for the risk of bias assessment for selected studies. A mean error varying from 0.27 mm to 2.9 mm for 3D soft tissue simulations for the whole face was reported. In the studies evaluating 3D soft tissue simulation accuracy after a Le Fort I osteotomy only, the upper lip and paranasal regions were reported to have the largest error, while after an isolated bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, the largest error was reported for the lower lip and chin regions. In the studies evaluating simulation after bimaxillary osteotomy with or without genioplasty, the highest inaccuracy was reported at the level of the lips, predominantly the lower lip, chin, and, sometimes, the paranasal regions. Due to the variability in the study designs and analysis methods, a direct comparison was not possible. Therefore, based on the results of this SR, guidelines to systematize the workflow for evaluating the accuracy of 3D soft tissue simulations in orthognathic surgery in future studies are proposed.

Experimental analysis of propeller thrust in an undergraduate physics laboratory

Abstract As propulsive systems are challenging for undergraduates to understand, it is essential to design experiments that can help their visualization and testing. The development of digital technology (high-speed cameras, digital tracking software, or 3D printers) facilitates the implementation of such designs. We proposed to study the thrust produced by a propeller, whose operating principles are based on the conservation of linear momentum. The study was carried out on an air track to avoid frictional forces. Several system characteristics were established, such as the propellor’s rotation speed and angle of attack and different magnitudes were determined, including the dynamic thrust and static force values. 3D CAD software was used to design the propellers for the experiments, and 3D printers to produce them.&amp;#xD;

From Data to Design: Constructing Scapula and Hip Bone Through Online Datasets, Open-Source Software and 3D Printers.

Introduction Human skeletons and bones are essential for medical and allied sciences students. Nowadays, it is becoming challenging to procure bone legally, resulting in medical students' inadequacy of bone. Plaster-of-Paris or resin bone models sold on the market are less detailed than real bones. Aims and objectives This study aims to create a three-dimensional (3D)-printed human bone model with free, open-source software and fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printers, compare its accuracy with the original bones and validate it with a textbook description. Methods Scapula and hip bone models were produced using open-source software 3D Slicer from computed tomography (CT) data from the "New Mexico Decedent Image Database". After automated segmentation, bones were edited manually with tools in a 3D Slicer(https://www.slicer.org/) and Meshmixer software(Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, California, United States) and 3D bone models were printed using polylactic (PLA) filament. Results and discussions 3Ddigital models of both bones were successfully created with the maximum possible accuracy with an FDM 3D printer. A 3D digital replica of the scapula obtained after segmentation retained most anatomical features except for the glenoid cavity, as the head of the humerus obscured the glenoid cavity. The 3D digital skeleton of the hip bone retained all anatomical features except articulating surfaces, such as the acetabulum and auricular surface ilium, which were obscured by the head of the femur and sacrum. A few morphological features of both bones differed from the original dry bone, and a few finer details were unclear in the iliac fossa and ischium. After manual editing and post-processing, the final physical model obtained has all the features. Conclusions We conclude that it is possible to produce anatomically accurate models with the greatest possible resemblance and accuracy to the original bones using free and open-source data with an FDM 3D printer.

Predicting mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) impairment in COPD patients using clinical-CT radiomics data: A preliminary study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic airway diseases in the world. To predict the degree of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) impairment in patients with COPD by modeling using clinical-CT radiomics data and to provide reference for clinical decision-making. A total of 236 patients with COPD diagnosed by CT and clinical data at Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital (n= 157) and Xiangyang Central Hospital (n= 79) from June 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into group A (SvO⩾2 62%, N= 107) and group B (SvO<2 62%, N= 129). We set up training set and test set at a ratio of 7/3 and time cutoff spot; In training set, Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the differences in general data (e.g. height, weight, systolic blood pressure), laboratory indicators (e.g. arterial oxygen saturation and pulmonary artery systolic pressure), and CT radiomics (radscore generated using chest CT texture parameters from 3D slicer software and LASSO regression) between these two groups. Further the risk factors screened by the above method were used to establish models for predicting the degree of hypoxia in COPD, conduct verification in test set and create a nomogram. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, smoking history, drinking history, systemic systolic pressure, digestive symptoms, right ventricular diameter (RV), mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), cardiac index (CI), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), WHO functional classification of pulmonary hypertension (WHOPHFC), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1%), and radscore in group B were all significantly different from those in group A (P< 0.05). Multivariate regression demonstrated that age, smoking history, digestive symptoms, 6MWD, and radscore were independent risk factors for SvO2 impairment. The combined model established based on the abovementioned indicators exhibited a good prediction effect [AUC: 0.903; 95%CI (0.858-0.937)], higher than the general clinical model [AUC: 0.760; 95%CI (0.701-0.813), P< 0.05] and laboratory examination-radiomics model [AUC: 0.868; 95%CI (0.818-0.908), P= 0.012]. The newly created nomogram may be helpful for clinical decision-making and benefit COPD patients. SvO2 is an important indicator of hypoxia in COPD, and it is highly related to age, 6MWD, and radscore. The combined model is helpful for early identification of SvO2 impairment and adjustment of COPD treatment strategies.

Optimal design of an LCC-S WPT3 Z1 SAE J2954 compliant system, using NSGA-II with nested genetic algorithms for simultaneous local optimization

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles is one of the most promising methods that, given its advantages, will drive the deployment of electric vehicles. This paper presents a mathematical optimization method applied to the complete design of an LCC-S WPT3 Z1 11 kW system that complies with the SAE J2954 standard (Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology, 2020). A design method based on three phases is proposed, allowing the complete inductor system, including ferrites shielding and compensation circuit components, to function in any relative primary and secondary position. In Phase 1, a multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm is designed, utilizing three nested genetic algorithms. The goal is simultaneously searching for the local optimum between the primary and secondary systems in three positions. This is achieved by modeling the circuit’s electrical and electromagnetic parameters with equations, enabling an iterative process with reduced computational time. The NSGA-II algorithm yields three scenarios: primary copper volume minimization, secondary copper volume minimization, and a compromise solution that optimizes the total volume. The result is then modeled in Phase 2 using a 3D finite element program that includes ferrite and optimal shielding, obtaining the values of inductances and mutual inductance in the three positions, as well as design data for manufacturing. This result is introduced in Phase 3 to optimize compensation circuit components using a second NSGA-II algorithm with three nested genetic algorithms. Again, three scenarios are obtained based on the desired system behavior and the optimal cost of the components. The result is validated through simulation with Matlab-Simulink and experimentally using a prototype constructed for this purpose.

Analyzing the time-fractional (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation: a new Kudryashov approach and optical solutions

The paper focuses on investigating the time-fractional (3 + 1)-dimensional cubic and quantic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We adopt the novel Kudryashov method to generate a distinct class of optical solutions for the current conformable fractional derivative problem. Our method explores various solution forms, including dark, wave, mixed dark-bright, and singular solutions. The soliton solutions we construct are visually represented to illustrate the influence of the fractional order derivative. Further, we elucidate the influence of solution parameters on the wave envelope, providing clear interpretations through 2D graphics presentations. The results underscore the efficacy of our approach in discovering exact solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations, especially in cases where alternative methods prove ineffective. The significance of the present paper lies in its contribution to advancing the understanding of the behavior of optical solutions in nonlinear systems, providing valuable insights for both theoretical and practical applications. In the field of nonlinear optics, this equation can describe the propagation of optical pulses in nonlinear media. It helps in understanding the behavior of intense laser beams as they propagate through materials exhibiting nonlinear optical effects such as self-focusing, self-phase modulation, and optical solitons.

Multimaterial 3D Laser Printing of Cell-Adhesive and Cell-Repellent Hydrogels.

Here, a straightforward method is reported for manufacturing 3D microstructured cell-adhesive and cell-repellent multimaterials using two-photon laser printing. Compared to existing strategies, this approach offers bottom-up molecular control, high customizability, and rapid and precise 3D fabrication. The printable cell-adhesive polyethylene glycol (PEG) based material includes an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) containing peptide synthesized through solid-phase peptide synthesis, allowing for precise control of the peptide design. Remarkably, minimal amounts of RGD peptide (<0.1wt%) suffice for imparting cell-adhesiveness, while maintaining identical mechanical properties in the 3D printed microstructures to those of the cell-repellent, PEG-based material. Fluorescent labeling of the RGD peptide facilitates visualization of its presence in cell-adhesive areas. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the system, the fabrication of cell-adhesive 2.5D and 3D structures is shown, fostering the adhesion of fibroblast cells within these architectures. Thus, this approach allows for the printing of high-resolution, true 3D structures suitable for diverse applications, including cellular studies in complex environments.

Research progress in the development of 3D skin models and their application to in vitro skin irritation testing.

Toxicological assessment of chemicals is crucial for safeguarding human health and the environment. However, traditional animal experiments are associated with ethical, technical, and predictive limitations in assessing the toxicity of chemicals to the skin. With the recent development of bioengineering and tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) skin models have been commonly used as an alternative for toxicological studies. The skin consists of the subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis. All these layers have crucial functions such as physical and biological protection and thermoregulation. The epidermis is the shallowest layer protecting against external substances and media. Because the skin is the first contact point for many substances, this organ is very significant for assessing local toxicity following skin exposure. According to the classification of the United Nations Global Harmonized System, skin irritation is a major potentially hazardous characteristic of chemicals, and this characteristic must be accurately assessed and classified for enhancing chemical safety management and preventing and reducing chemical accidents. This review discusses the research progress of 3D skin models and introduces their application in assessing chemical skin irritation.

A comparative radiographic study of bone density changes around titanium implants in the posterior mandible, preoperative and postoperative

Background: Implant success and the state of the surrounding bone require multiple measures, especially in humans, and this study aimed to identify the development of the state of the latter by means of radiographic examination performed during the period of osseointegration as well as investigate the changes in bone density that occur after implant installation and two months after functional loading. Implant success rates are affected by bone density at the implant site. Therefore, understanding changes in bone density after dental implant placement is essential, as it correlates with subsequent implant success. Materials and Methods: Digital radiographs of twenty-eight implants were taken and evaluated at four intervals: preoperatively, one and three months postoperatively, and two months following placement of the permanent prosthesis. Gray values were measured in different areas around the implants through analyzing X-ray images and measuring bone density around the implants using EzDent – 2D software. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in bone density around implants in three regions: apex, neck, and body, as well as to record average density values during the observation period by measuring digital image gray levels (the gray values of the digital X-ray). This was conducted to determine local bone densities in dental implant recipient sites and to study changes in local bone densities at different intervals, pre- and post-operatively and after placement of the prosthesis. Results: A decrease was observed in gray values proportional to reference values one month after implant insertion, but these increased at three months after insertion and continued to rise two months after placement of the prosthesis in the apical, body and neck regions of the implant. Conclusion: Sensor-tuned radiography can be used as an effective method to support clinical follow-ups as well as measure changes in bone densities around implants in critical cases.

A study on volumetric change of mandibular condyles with osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography

This study aimed to quantitatively assess three-dimensional changes in the mandibular condyle with osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pre- and post-treatment CBCT images of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) from 66 patients were used to assess longitudinal changes in condylar volume within individual patients using 3D slicer software. Total volume difference (dV), net increase (dV + , bone deposition), and net decrease (dV− , bone resorption) after treatment were analyzed based on clinical and radiological factors. Condyles with surface erosion at their first visit showed significantly decreased volume after treatment compared to condyles without erosion (p < 0.05). Amounts of bone resorption and deposition were higher in condyles with surface erosion (both p < 0.01). In patients with condylar erosion, the presence of joint pain was associated with a decrease in condylar volume and an increase in net resorption (both p < 0.01). When both joint pain and condylar erosion were present, patients with parafunctional habits showed reduced condylar volume after treatment (p < 0.05). Condylar volume change after treatment was negatively correlated with the duration of pain relief (R = − 0.501, p < 0.05). These results indicate that condylar erosion and TMJ pain could be significant variables affecting TMJ volume changes after treatment. Establishing appropriate treatment strategies is crucial for managing condylar erosion and TMJ pain.

Presenting the AI models in predicting the settlement of earth dams using the results of spatiotemporal clustering and k-means algorithm

In this work, the results of instrumentation over 8 years, including the phases of construction, first impounding, and operation, have been used to analyze the location of the Eyvashan Dam settlement. Mohr–Coulomb behavioral model and numerical model of Plaxis 2D software were used to verify the monitoring results. The results demonstrated that settlement of the dam has increased in the dam's core since the beginning of construction, and they eventually stabilized during the operation phase. After the completion of the construction phase, the maximum settlement of the dam core was recorded as 809 mm, which is equivalent to 1.2% of the height of the dam at the middle level. Also, an approach to interpreting the settlement behavior of earth dams has been presented that is based on spatiotemporal clustering. Also, RF, MARS, and GMDH models were created based on a proposed scenario to predict settlement using points located in a cluster. Therefore, the settlement location of the studied dam was determined using the results of the k-means clustering algorithm in the aforementioned AI models. The high accuracy of the results of the proposed method confirms the proper performance of using AI models in predicting and diagnosing the settlement of earthen dams using the results of k-means spatiotemporal clustering algorithm. The evaluation of the models shows that the ENN model is a more suitable and efficient tool in this field and can be useful in monitoring the settlement of earth dams.

Three-Dimensional-Evaluation of Aortic Changes after Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) in Zone 0 vs. Zone 2 in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Introduction: The management of aortic dissection has evolved significantly over the decades, with the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure emerging as a key technique for treating complex aortic pathologies. Recent practices involve deploying the FET prosthesis more proximally in the aorta (Zone 0) to reduce complications, leading to questions about its impact on long-term aortic remodeling compared to traditional Zone 2 deployment. Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized 3D segmentation software to assess the volumetric changes in aortic remodeling after acute Type A aortic dissections, comparing FET stent graft deployment in Zone 0 and Zone 2. The study included 27 patients operated on between 2020 and 2022, with volumetric measurements taken from postoperative and 6-month follow-up CT scans. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the differences in the aortic true lumen (TL) and the perfused false lumen (PFL) between the two groups. Results: Both Zone 0 and Zone 2 deployments resulted in significant true lumen (TL) increases (Z0 p = 0.001, Z2 p < 0.001) and perfused false lumen (PFL) decreases (Z0 p = 0.02, Z2 p = 0.04), with no significant differences in volumetric changes between the groups (p = 0.7 post op and p = 0.9 after 6 months). The distal anastomosis in Zone 0 did not compromise the aortic remodeling outcomes and was associated with reduced distal ischemia and cerebral perfusion times (p = 0.041). The angle measurements in Zone 0 did not show any significant changes after the 6-month control (p = 0.2). However, in Zone 2, a significant change was detected. (p = 0.022). The part comparison analyses did not indicate significant differences in aortic deviation between the groups (p = 0.62), suggesting comparable effectiveness in aortic remodeling. Conclusions: Performing the distal anastomosis more proximally in Zone 0 offers technical advantages without compromising the effectiveness of aortic remodeling compared to the traditional Zone 2 deployment. This finding supports the continued recommendation of Zone 0 deployment in the management of acute Type A aortic dissections, with ongoing studies being needed to confirm the long-term outcomes and survival benefits.

Genetic legacy and adaptive signatures: investigating the history, diversity, and selection signatures in Rendena cattle resilient to eighteenth century rinderpest epidemics

BackgroundRendena is a dual-purpose cattle breed, which is primarily found in the Italian Alps and the eastern areas of the Po valley, and recognized for its longevity, fertility, disease resistance and adaptability to steep Alpine pastures. It is categorized as 'vulnerable to extinction' with only 6057 registered animals in 2022, yet no comprehensive analyses of its molecular diversity have been performed to date. The aim of this study was to analyse the origin, genetic diversity, and genomic signatures of selection in Rendena cattle using data from samples collected in 2000 and 2018, and shed light on the breed's evolution and conservation needs.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed that the Rendena breed shares genetic components with various Alpine and Po valley breeds, with a marked genetic proximity to the Original Braunvieh breed, reflecting historical restocking efforts across the region. The breed shows signatures of selection related to both milk and meat production, environmental adaptation and immune response, the latter being possibly the result of multiple rinderpest epidemics that swept across the Alps in the eighteenth century. An analysis of the Rendena cattle population spanning 18 years showed an increase in the mean level of inbreeding over time, which is confirmed by the mean number of runs of homozygosity per individual, which was larger in the 2018 sample.ConclusionsThe Rendena breed, while sharing a common origin with Brown Swiss, has developed distinct traits that enable it to thrive in the Alpine environment and make it highly valued by local farmers. Preserving these adaptive features is essential, not only for maintaining genetic diversity and enhancing the ability of this traditional animal husbandry to adapt to changing environments, but also for guaranteeing the resilience and sustainability of both this livestock system and the livelihoods within the Rendena valley.

Bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following total ankle arthroplasty.

The purpose of this study was to assess the success rate and functional outcomes of bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Additionally, we evaluated the rate of graft incorporation and identified associated predisposing factors using CT scan. We reviewed a total of 37 ankles (34 patients) that had undergone bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts. A CT scan was performed one year after bone grafting to check the status of graft incorporation. For accurate analysis of cyst volumes and their postoperative changes, 3D-reconstructed CT scan processed with 3D software was used. For functional outcomes, variables such as the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale score and the visual analogue scale for pain were measured. Out of 37 ankles, graft incorporation was successful in 30 cases. Among the remaining seven cases, four (10.8%) exhibited cyst re-progression, so secondary bone grafting was needed. After secondary bone grafting, no further progression has been noted, resulting in an overall 91.9% success rate (34 of 37) at a mean follow-up period of 47.5 months (24 to 120). The remaining three cases (8.1%) showed implant loosening, so tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis was performed. Functional outcomes were also improved after bone grafting in all variables at the latest follow-up (p < 0.05). The mean incorporation rate of the grafts according to the location of the cysts was 84.8% (55.2% to 96.1%) at the medial malleolus, 65.1% (27.6% to 97.1%) at the tibia, and 81.2% (42.8% to 98.7%) at the talus. Smoking was identified as a significant predisposing factor adversely affecting graft incorporation (p = 0.001). Bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following primary TAA is a reliable procedure with a satisfactory success rate and functional outcomes. Regular follow-up, including CT scan, is important for the detection of cyst re-progression to prevent implant loosening after bone grafting.

Real-time Finite Element Analysis based on surrogate model

In the field of engineering, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) serves as a pivotal numerical simulation tool. Nevertheless, its inherent offline nature and dependency on real-time data pose limitations on its versatility. To confront this challenge, a real-time FEA approach centered on surrogate modeling has been developed. This method enables the instantaneous prediction of critical performance parameters, thereby providing crucial support for real-time decision-making and process monitoring. In the context of this study, the focus is on the glass compression molding process, a process that is not easily observable. The research commences with preliminary thermal conduction simulations conducted using ABAQUS software. Subsequently, a surrogate model is constructed to facilitate real-time FEA for the temperature field of the glass preform. Finally, Unity 3D software is harnessed for visualization, offering an effective tool for the real-time monitoring and control of the glass-forming process.

Numerical Evaluation of Pile Group Behavior Subject to Earthquake Loads

The seismic design of pile foundations mainly relies on analyzing the seismic response of layered, liquefiable locations. Two design scenarios are taken into consideration from the case histories; the first is how pile foundations react to the stresses and lateral displacements brought on by the lateral dispersion of liquefied soil. The second is how to piles reaction to seismic activity that occurs with the development of high pore water pressures. The PLAXIS 3D software is utilized in this research with a non-linear soil constitutive model (hypoplastic model) for both dry and saturated loose sandy soils under the impact of two earthquakes and the motion of different features to give a complete understanding of the dynamic piled foundation response. The findings from this study show that the site profile, pile diameter, pile length, and excitation of ground motion significantly affect the dynamic response of the layered liquefied site. So, in the saturated case, the increase in the piles length to (L/D = 55) in comparison to the original length (L/D = 35) decreased the peak acceleration at the raft foundation by about (24.4 and 41.9) % under the effect of Kobe and Upland earthquake motion, respectively, while in the dry case, the reduction in peak acceleration was about (22.8 and 40.9) % under the effect of Kobe and Upland earthquake motion, respectively.