Methyl Ether Research Articles

Assessment of CPME as Sustainable Low VOC Alternative to Hexane: Optimization of Extraction Efficiency and Bioactive Compound Yield from Fenugreek Seed Oil Using Computational and Experimental Methods

This study investigates the performance of cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) in the extraction of fenugreek seed oil, aiming to replace the conventionally used hexane. The efficiency of this alternative solvent was evaluated first through in silico methods (based on Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) and Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) simulations), followed by experimental studies. Solubility computational predictions analysis revealed that CPME exhibits superior solvation power compared to hexane. Experimentally, CPME demonstrated a significantly higher oil yield (7.23%) compared to hexane (4.25%) and a better retention of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids than hexane. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of oils extracted with CPME showed enhanced oxidative stability, sterol, tocopherol, and phenolic contents, leading to superior antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Importantly, CPME’s low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions further establish it as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to hexane, aligning with contemporary goals of reducing harmful emissions in extraction processes. Thus, this paper highlights the functional advantages of CPME, focusing on its efficiency, selectivity, and enhanced retention of bioactive compounds, positioning it as a superior extraction solvent for fenugreek seed oil compared to hexane.

Tribological Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane Grafted with Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate Under Water Lubrication

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer material characterized by its flexibility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, excellent stability, and high transparency. It is also easy to process and allows for control over its physical properties. However, its inherent hydrophobicity limits its application in certain fields. To address this limitation, research is being conducted to modify the surface properties of PDMS through polymer grafting. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEG-MA) was grafted onto the PDMS surface to convert its hydrophobic characteristics to hydrophilicity. The tribological properties of the modified PDMS were then evaluated under conditions of hydrophilicity and water lubrication. Polymer grafting was performed by generating radicals on the surface of PDMS through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation using a photoinitiator, followed by grafting with mPEG-MA. The water contact angle, which serves as an indicator of hydrophilicity, was measured and revealed a decrease in the contact angle as the conditions for mPEG-MA grafting were intensified, signifying an increase in hydrophilicity. Additionally, the tribological properties under water lubrication improved with a higher degree of mPEG-MA grafting. Notably, PDMS grafted with a 20 wt.% mPEG-MA aqueous solution via UV irradiation for 12 h consistently maintained a coefficient of friction (COF) of less than 0.02 under water lubrication. Surface damage was observed locally in the dimples only under a load of 3 N.

Li-ion batteries with poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]-grafted oxidized starch solid and gel polymer electrolytes

Polymer electrolytes are considered in lithium-ion batteries because of their high safety and properties such as flexibility, easy moldability, etc. Starch is one of these polymers from renewable resources. Considering the semi-crystal structure of starch and ion conduction in amorphous phase, herein starch is oxidized and then modified with poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are prepared by dissolution of lithium salt within polymer while gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) as crosslinked structures are swollen in lithium salt solution. After validation of successful syntheses, all SPEs and GPEs with different oxidation state and various PEGMA/oxidized starch are evaluated in Li-ion battery performance. The synthesized GPEs and SPEs show the highest ionic conductivity of 5.5 × 10−3 and 2.19 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻1, respectively at room temperature. Lithium ion transfer number (t+) of 0.6–0.9 and electrochemical stability window of 4.4–4.9 V are obtained for SPEs and GPEs. The discharge capacity is ∼180 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with capacity retention of 75 % after 100 cycles.

Vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria for the water + 1-butanol + CPME mixture

In this contribution we have carried out vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium (VLLE) determinations for the Water + 1-Butanol + cyclopenthyl methyl ether (CPME) mixture, where no previous information is reported. Measurements were performed with a commercial Fisher VLE/VLLE 602 equilibrium cell at 101.3 kPa and the Wisniak's L/K test is used to ensure the thermodynamic consistency for the two pairs of V-La and V-Lo phases at VLLE. Additionally, we have predicted the three-phase line of this system by performing modified multiphase flash calculations coupled with a phase stability restriction, where the system was modelled with the SAFT-VR-Mie equation of state. The VLLE of the ternary mixture was excellently predicted by only fitting binary interaction parameters to the phase equilibrium of each constituent binary mixture. This system has two partially miscible binaries in Water + 1-Butanol and Water + CPME, which makes the ternary liquid-liquid system a type II equilibrium envelope. The two binaries are connected through a zeotropic three-phase line.

Enhanced anti-bacterial properties and thermal regulation via photothermal conversion with localized surface plasmon resonance effect in cotton fabrics

Enhanced anti-bacterial properties and thermal regulation are realized in cotton fabrics cross-linked with hybrid poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol methacrylate) nanogels containing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), denoted as hybrid P(MA-co-MA300-co-EGMA)/Au nanogels. Pure P(MA-co-MA300-co-EGMA) nanogels are synthesized by emulsion polymerization as carriers and then embedded with Au NPs via in-situ reduction. By applying 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid as a cross-linker and changing the amount of hybrid P(MA-co-MA300-co-EGMA)/Au nanogels in solution, the weight gain ratios of hybrid nanogels on cotton fabrics are set as 10 % (CHN-10) and 20 % (CHN-20). Due to the densely packed structure of the hybrid nanogels on the surface, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of the Au NPs improves the photothermal conversion capability and converts the absorbed light energy into thermal energy. Simply illuminating with visible light, the surface temperature of CHN-20 pronouncedly increases from 20.4 to 43.0 °C in 50 s. The increased local temperature induces the denaturation of protein and the death of bacteria on the surface. Thus, an illumination with visible light for 2 h results in an anti-bacterial rate for S. aureus of 100 % for CHN-20. Additionally, it presents an excellent thermal regulation capability via photothermal conversion and can be used for continuously maintaining human body temperature in cold areas. Because no additional chemical agents and external power source are required for the anti-bacterial properties and thermal regulation, the obtained cotton fabrics cross-linked with hybrid P(MA-co-MA300-co-EGMA)/Au nanogels are eco-friendly and suitable for smart textiles in daily wear.

Single-Step Synthesis of Highly Sensitive 19F MRI Tracers by Gradient Copolymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Amphiphilic gradient copolymers are promising alternatives to block copolymers for self-assembled nanomaterials due to their straightforward synthesis via statistical copolymerization of monomers with different reactivities and hydrophilicity. By carefully selecting monomers, nanoparticles can be synthesized in a single step through gradient copolymerization-induced self-assembly (gPISA). We synthesized highly sensitive 19F MRI nanotracers via aqueous dispersion gPISA of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) with core-forming N,N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acrylamide (TFEAM). The PPEGMA-grad-PTFEAM nanoparticles were optimized to achieve spherical morphology and exceptional 19F MRI performance. Noncytotoxicity was confirmed in Panc-1 cells. In vitro 19F MR relaxometry and imaging demonstrated their diagnostic imaging potential. Notably, these gradient copolymer nanotracers outperformed block copolymer analogs in 19F MRI performance due to their gradient architecture, enhancing 19F relaxivity. The synthetic versatility and superior 19F MRI performance of gradient copolymers highlight their potential in advanced diagnostic imaging applications.

Chemical Constituents of the Deep-sea Derived Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum XIA-9.

Two new sphingosine derivatives (1 and 2), two new vicinal diol analogs (3 and 4), one new diol analog (5), one new fatty acid (9), together with 19 known compounds (6-8, 10-24), were isolated from Purpureocillium lilacinum XIA-9. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and optical rotatory data. Fusarubin 3-methyl ether (17) exhibited potent inhibition on RSL3 induced ferroptosis with the EC50 value of 0.1 μM.

Novel polyethylene glycol methyl ether substituted polysiloxane membrane materials with high CO2 permeability and selectivity

Membrane gas separation is a promising technology for CO2 capture. However, one of the key challenges is the development of stable-in-time and highly permeable materials with increased CO2 permselectivity. In this study, two series of novel polysiloxanes with linear (methyl oligoethyleneglycol allyl ether (PEG8)) and branched (vinyl-bis- [methyltriethyleneglycol] (B-PEG4)) oxygen-containing side substituents were synthesized. By crosslinking PEG-substituted polymethylsiloxanes with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a series of CO2-highly selective membrane materials with a PDMS content of 6.5–50 wt% was obtained for the first time. The effect of the side chain geometry on the sorption and transport properties of these membranes for different gases (N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2H6) was evaluated. The specific interactions between the PEG substituents and CO2 that contribute to the enhanced selectivity of these materials were identified. The introduction of both linear and branched PEG substituents leads to in an increase in the selectivity of diffusion, solubility, and CO2/gas permeability, compared to PDMS.The CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 permselectivities and diffusion selectivities are increases, as well as the permeability coefficients of the membrane materials for all gases are decreases, as the PDMS content reduces from 50 % to 6.5 % wt. Within the PDMS concentrations range between 6.5 and 12.5 % wt., there was a sharp increase in diffusion and permeability coefficients of membrane materials. For this polysiloxanes with linear PEG substituents, an unexpectedly high diffusion selectivity for CO2 was observed. Such value determined the maximum CO2 permselectivity among the polysiloxanes studied. The most promising membrane material from these series was identified as PEG8-substituted polysiloxane with 12.5 wt% PDMS. It has a CO2 permeability coefficient of 1300 Barrer, CO2/N2 selectivity of 37 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 10.

Multifunctional Nanocomposite Polymer‐integrated Ca‐doped CeO2 Electrolyte for Robust and High‐rate All‐solid‐state Sodium‐ion Batteries

AbstractDue to the seamless interfaces between solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and electrode materials, SPEs‐based all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries (ASSSIBs) are considered promising energy storage systems. However, the sluggish Na+ transport and uncontrollable Na dendrite propagation still hinder the practical application of SPEs‐based ASSSIBs. Herein, Ca‐doped CeO2 (Ca−CeO2) nanotube framework is synthesized and integrated with poly (ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate‐perfluoropolyether copolymer (PEOA‐PFPE), resulting in multifunctional solid nanocomposite electrolytes (namely SNEs, i.e., PEOA‐PFPE/Ca−CeO2). Our investigations demonstrate that the fluorous effect incurred by the fluorine‐containing PEOA‐PFPE and the oxygen vacancy effect induced by the Ca−CeO2 framework could synergistically promote the dissociation of sodium salt, ultimately enhancing the Na+ mobility in SNEs. Besides, the resultant SNEs construct rapid Na+ transport channels and homogenize the Na deposition in SNEs/Na interface, which effectively prevents the Na dendrite growth. Furthermore, the assembled carbon‐coated sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP@C)||PEOA‐PFPE/Ca−CeO2||Na coin cell delivers impressive rate capability of 97.9 mAh g−1 at 2 C and outstanding cycling stability with capacity retention of 84.3 % after 300 cycles at 1 C. This work illustrates that constructing multifunctional SNEs via incorporating functional inorganic frameworks into fluorine‐containing SPEs could be a promising strategy for the commercialization of robust and high‐performance ASSSIBs.

Unraveling the molecular mechanism of aqueous extract of Sargentodoxa cuneata against ulcerative colitis from serum metabolomics and bioinformatics perspectives

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) are like “intestinal carbuncle” in Chinese medicine. The aqueous extract of Sargentodoxa cuneata (AESc) has good therapeutic effects on UC, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further elucidated. The mechanism of AESc against UC was studied based on metabolomics and bioinformatics in mice with UC. Dextran sodium sulfate was applied to induce a mouse model of UC. After the intervention of AESc, the general condition of the animals was recorded, and efficacy-related indicators were measured. Information on serum metabolites was determined. Multivariate analysis combined with bioinformatics methods were used to identify the differential metabolites. Furthermore, “metabolite-target-disease” network was obtained, and differential metabolites of UC were screened, and further analysis of the metabolites were performed. Molecular docking validation was also carried out. AESc improved general conditions such as blood in stool, hair of animals, and weight loss, reduced disease activity index scores and shortening of colon length in mice with UC. A total of 3445 serum metabolites were obtained, and 64 differentiated metabolites of AESc against UC were screened. Enrichment analysis showed that arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, drug metabolism-other enzymes, and tyrosine metabolism were associated with AESc in the treatment of UC. In addition, based on “metabolite-target-disease” network, the serum metabolites cholylleucine, 9,10,13-TriHOME, birabresib, anthramycin methyl ether, trans-hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine, and lucidumol A were found to have the therapeutic potential for UC. Further, 14 core targets were obtained, and lipids and atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple immune-inflammatory pathways were associated with AESc for the treatment of UC. AESc corrects serum metabolic disturbances in UC mice, and multiple serum metabolites have therapeutic potential for UC. AESc may treat UC by regulating biological processes such as lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, thereby restoring normal physiological function of the intestine.

Multifunctional Nanocomposite Polymer-integrated Ca-doped CeO2 Electrolyte for Robust and High-rate All-solid-state Sodium-ion Batteries.

Due to the seamless interfaces between solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and electrode materials, SPEs-based all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries (ASSSIBs) are considered promising energy storage systems. However, the sluggish Na+ transport and uncontrollable Na dendrite propagation still hinder the practical application of SPEs-based ASSSIBs. Herein, Ca-doped CeO2 (Ca-CeO2) nanotube framework is synthesized and integrated with poly (ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate-perfluoropolyether copolymer (PEOA-PFPE), resulting in multifunctional solid nanocomposite electrolytes (namely SNEs, i.e., PEOA-PFPE/Ca-CeO2). Our investigations demonstrate that the fluorous effect incurred by the fluorine-containing PEOA-PFPE and the oxygen vacancy effect induced by the Ca-CeO2 framework could synergistically promote the dissociation of sodium salt, ultimately enhancing the Na+ mobility in SNEs. Besides, the resultant SNEs construct rapid Na+ transport channels and homogenize the Na deposition in SNEs/Na interface, which effectively prevents the Na dendrite growth. Furthermore, the assembled carbon-coated sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP@C)||PEOA-PFPE/Ca-CeO2||Na coin cell delivers impressive rate capability of 97.9 mAh g-1 at 2 C and outstanding cycling stability with capacity retention of 84.3 % after 300 cycles at 1 C. This work illustrates that constructing multifunctional SNEs via incorporating functional inorganic frameworks into fluorine-containing SPEs could be a promising strategy for the commercialization of robust and high-performance ASSSIBs.

Comprehensive Study on Cell Components in High‐Voltage Pouch Cells with Lithium Perchlorate: Decomposition, Transesterification, Chlorination, Deposition, and Self‐Discharge

AbstractBattery development has traditionally focused on high energy and long lifetime cells, but there is now a shift towards their sustainability and safety. One example of this trend is the search for fluorine‐free conductive salts. The overwhelming majority of lithium‐ion conductive salts contain fluorine, which is critical regarding their environmental impact, sustainability, and toxicology. In this study, we perform a comprehensive investigation of the performance and aging mechanisms of cell components with LiClO4 as conductive salt in high‐voltage NMC622‖Graphite pouch cells. The cells containing LiClO4 show poorer electrochemical performance compared to their LiPF6 equivalents. However, to the best of our knowledge, a mechanistic understanding of the effect of LiClO4 on the aging of electrode and electrolyte components for high‐voltage cells is largely missing. Developing such an understanding will pave the way toward designing alternative salts to LiPF6, ultimately leading to fluorine‐free and more sustainable battery cells. Our results show, that the chlorination of ethyl methyl carbonate at both methyl and ethyl groups and the formation of large (Liw)AlxOyClz composite deposits on the cathode surface result from perchlorate degradation at the cathode. This leads to increased cell resistance, reduced capacity retention, and accelerated degradation of the LiClO4‐containing electrolytes.

A New Isoflavone Xylopyranoside and Isoflavone Derivatives from the Roots of Ochna integerrima and Their DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity.

Ochna integerrima (Louri) Merr. is one of the two species of the genus Ochna (family Ochnaceae) found in Thailand. Its bark is used in traditional Thai medicine to treat digestive disorders. Phytochemical investigation of the crude MeOH extract of the root woods of O. integerrima furnished an unreported isoflavone glycoside, gerontoisoflavone A-4'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), together with the previously described irisolone methyl ether (2), iriskumaonin methyl ether (3), iriskumaonin (4), gerontoisoflavone A (5), isoprunetin (6), a flavone glycoside, vitexin (7), and a chromone derivative, lophilone A (8). The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis as well as HRMS data. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH⋅) scavenging activity and antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1). Compounds 5 exhibited strongest scavenging activity, with a scavenging concentration at 50 % (SC50) of 137.7 μM, while 4 and 6 displayed weak scavenging activity, with SC50 values of 4 and 5 times higher than that of 5. None of the tested compounds showed antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum (K1) at a concentration of 5 μg/mL.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Three Bulgarian Garden Thyme Essential Oils

Garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae. It can be found both in the wild and as a cultivated plant in Bulgaria. This study is aimed at assessing the garden thyme essential oil composition and antioxidant activities, which were collected from three different areas in Bulgaria. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds in the garden thyme essential oils (over 2%) were as follows: thymol (42.88–53.55%), p-cymene (14.25–25.51%), γ-terpinene (6.58–15.51%), borneol (2.75–3.57%), carvacrol (2.00–3.02%), β-linalool (2.07–2.31%), cis-sabinene hydrate (4.05%), eucalyptol (1.08–3.65%), α-terpinene (1.01–3.24%), carvacrol methyl ether (1.18–3.02%), and thymol methyl ether (2.26–3.16%). The oils were mainly composed of oxygenated phenyl propanoids, and all the essential oils belonged to the chemotype thymol. Antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assays. All the samples exhibited antioxidant activity relative to the DPPH radical (from 143.20 mM TE/mL to 165.91 mM TE/mL) and by the ABTS method (from 121.67 mM TE/mL to 127.62 mM TE/mL). These garden thyme essential oils could be used as natural antioxidants for food and as nutraceuticals.

Modifying the Glycocalyx of Melanoma Cells via Metabolic Glycoengineering Using N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine Analogues.

Tumor cells are decorated with aberrant glycan structures on cell surfaces. It is well known that the glycocalyx serves as a main cellular regulator, although its role in cancer is still not completely understood. Over recent decades, several non-natural monosaccharides carrying clickable groups have been introduced in melanoma cells. This technique, called Metabolic Glycoengineering (MGE), opens up the possibility of altering the cell's glycocalyx via click chemistry using a two-step approach. This study expands the field of MGE by showing the successful metabolic incorporation of novel alternative artificial glucosamine derivatives. The latter were either deoxygenated or blocked by methyl ether in position 4 to generate deficient glycosylation patterns, while being extended by an alkyne to enable click chemistry as a one-step approach. As a result, we observed a reduced proliferation rate of melanoma cells. Furthermore, using a lectin array, the decrease in high mannose epitopes was observed. In summary, the successful use of alternative artificial glucosamine derivatives enabled a significant alteration in the glycocalyx, consequently influencing cell behavior.

Molecular Synergistic Effects Mediate Efficient Interfacial Chemistry: Enabling Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The primary cause of the accelerated battery failure in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is the uncontrollable evolution of the zinc metal-electrolyte interface. In the present research on the development of multiadditives to ameliorate interfaces, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanisms of the various components. Additionally, the synergy among additive molecules is frequently disregarded, resulting in the combined efficacy of multiadditives that is unlikely to surpass the sum of each component. In this study, the "molecular synergistic effect" is employed, which is generated by two nonhomologous acid ester (NAE) additives in the double electrical layer microspace. Specifically, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is more inclined to induce the oriented deposition of zinc metal by means of targeted adsorption with the zinc (002) crystal plane. Methyl acetate (MA) is more likely to enter the solvated shell of Zn2+ and will be profoundly reduced to produce SEI that is dominated by organic components under the "molecular synergistic effect" of EMC. Furthermore, MA persists in a spontaneous hydrolysis reaction, which serves to mitigate the pH increase caused by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and further prevents the formation of byproducts. Consequently, the 1E1M electrolyte not only extends the cycle life of the zinc anode to 3140 cycles (1 mA h cm-2 and 1 mA cm-2) but also extends the life of the Zn//MnO2 full battery, with the capacity retention rate still at 89.9% after 700 cycles.

Allelopathic and phytotoxic activity of essential oil of Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers and its major constituents on Amaranthus retroflexus and Lolium perenne

This study investigated the allelopathic and phytotoxic effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower essential oil (EO) and its major constituents. Forty-one compounds were identified by GC–MS, accounting for 96.93% of the total oil, with the main compounds being ethyl cinnamate and methyl cinnamate. The allelopathic assay of the EO completely suppressed the seed germination of Lolium perenne and Amaranthus retroflexus at 22.22 mg/mL air treatment. Phytotoxic activities of ethyl cinnamate and methyl cinnamate were much stronger than those of the EO against L. perenne, with IC50 values of 0.386, 0.396, and 7.159 mg/mL, respectively. The strength of the phytotoxic activity of the major constituent ethyl cinnamate, and the mixture of ethyl cinnamate and methyl cinnamate was comparable to that of the commercial herbicide glyphosate in terms of suppressing root elongation in A. retroflexus, with IC50 values of 0.049, 0.076, and 0.017 mg/mL, respectively, indicating a possible synergistic effect of the major compounds.

Electrochemical Deconstructive Methoxylation of Arylalcohols-A Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation.

Herein, we report a mechanistic investigation of a recently developed electrochemical method for the deconstructive methoxylation of arylalcohols. A combination of synthetic, electroanalytical, and computational experiments have been performed to gain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism and the structural requirements for fragmentation to occur. It was found that 2-arylalcohols undergo anodic oxidation to form the corresponding aromatic radical cations, which fragment to form oxocarbenium ions and benzylic radical intermediates via mesolytic cleavage, with further anodic oxidation and trapping of the benzylic carbocation with methanol to generate the observed methyl ether products. It was also found that the electrochemical fragmentation of 2-arylalkanols is promoted by structural features that stabilize the oxocarbenium ions and/or benzylic radical intermediates formed upon mesolytic cleavage of the aromatic radical cations. With an enhanced understanding of the reaction mechanism and the structural features that promote fragmentation, it is anticipated that alternative electrosynthetic transformations will be developed that utilize this powerful, yet underdeveloped, mode of substrate activation.

Synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative, antibacterial activity, RDG, ELF, LOL Molecular docking and physico chemical properties of novel benzodiazepine derivatives

Four new benzodiazepine derivatives of 2-(2-(ethyl(methyl)amino)benzo [b][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)phenol (EMBT), (2-(4-ethylbenzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-2-yl)phenol (EBT), 2-(7-chloro-2-(ethyl(methyl)amino)benzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-4-yl)phenol (CEMBT) and 2-(7-chloro-4-ethylbenzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-2-yl)phenol) (CEBT) has been synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis and ESI-mass spectrometric techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated the cytotoxic assay in vitro antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. Further, antibacterial and antifungal screening were used to investigate the biological profile of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were carried out, with potent antifungal activity against a few species. The structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of EMBT, EBT, CEMBT, and CEBT have been examined computationally using the hybrid B3LYP method and the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set basis set. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to study the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds and the standard drug Tamoxifen with the hERalpha LBD target protein.

Thermosensitive polymer/nanosilica hybrid as a multifunctional additive in water-based drilling fluid: Rheologicalproperties and lubrication performance as well as filtration loss reduction capacity

In previous studies, for obtaining a flat rheological drilling fluid, binary and ternary thermosensitive silica (SiO2) nanohybrids as rheological modifiers were synthesized using N-isopropylacrylamide with a thermal association temperatureof 32–33 °C as the thermosensitive monomer [J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 219 (2022), 111096; Geoenergy Science and Engineering 228 (2023), 211934]. However, the as-synthesized SiO2 nanohybrids exhibited limited performance and low thermal transition temperature. Thus surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was utilized to graft hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) onto SiO2 surface to obtain PEGMA/SiO2 nanohybrids with an elevated thermal association temperature of 75 °C. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized PEGMA/SiO2nanohybrid were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy; and its effects as a thermosensitive multifunctional additive on the rheological properties and lubrication performance as well as filtration loss reduction capacity of a water-based drilling fluid were investigated. Results indicate that the drilling fluids with 1.0% PEGMA/SiO2 nanohybrids exhibited obvious thermal thickening behavior in the temperature range of 70–80 °C; at low temperatures, however, they had a significant viscosity reduction effect therein. At room temperature, the apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity were reduced by 68% and 50%, respectively. Besides, due to the tightly packed plugging layer formed by PEGMA/SiO2 nanohybrids and bentonite, the filtration loss of the drilling fluids containing 1.0% PEGMA/SiO2 nanohybrid was reduced by 37% as compared with that of the base slurry; and the lubrication coefficient was decreased by up to 50%. Moreover, the high-temperature aging process promoted the intermolecular interactions of the nanohybrids and their interaction with bentonite flakes, thereby further improving the rheological behavior, filtration reduction ability, and lubricity of the drilling fluids. The as-synthesized thermosensitive PEGMA/SiO2 nanohybrids with excellent multifunctionality could find promising application in water-based drilling fluids.