3-aminobutanoic Acid Research Articles

Evaluation of azo dyes degradation potential of Staphylococcus strains: A strategy for dye-waste management

The current investigation aimed to identify the bacterial isolates that could prove helpful in the degeneration of harmful azo dyes from wastewater. The bacterial strains 1b, 1 m, and 4v could decolorize azo dyes up to 81 %, 79 %, and 87 % within 5 days. The degraded products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed Rf values of 0.89, 0.95, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.98 while the control showed an Rf value of 0.94. The comparison of the retention time of control and treated samples by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system convinced that remarkable decolorization had occurred by the bacterial strains. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the control and degraded samples was proof that the bond stretching occurred in the treated samples due to the action of bacterial strains. The release of compounds by bacteria i.e., 3-Aminobutanoic acid, pyrrolo pyrazine-1, 4-dione, and palmitic acid was inspected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. No clear zones showed that the bacterial dye-degraded wastewater had no harm to the normal flora. At last, phytotoxicity was studied on Vigna radiata which had negative results. Given their pollutant degrading capabilities, these bacterial isolates are a good bioresource for green chemistry to exterminate azo dyes from the environment.

Microbiomics and metabolomics insights into the microbial regulation on the formation of flavor components in the traditional fermentation process of Chinese Hongqu aged vinegar

This study aimed to investigate microbial succession and metabolic dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aged vinegar, and explore the core functional microbes closely related to the formation of flavor components. Microbiome analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Weissella were the predominant bacterial genera, while Aspergillus piperis, Aspergillus oryzae, Monascus purpureus, Candida athensensis, C. xylopsoci, Penicillium ochrosalmoneum and Simplicillium aogashimaense were the predominant fungal species. Correlation analysis revealed that Acetobacter was positively correlated with the production of tetramethylpyrazine, acetoin and acetic acid, Lactococcus showed positive correlation with the production of 2-nonanone, 2-heptanone, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol, C. xylopsoci and C. rugosa were positively associated with the production of diethyl malonate, 2,3-butanediyl diacetate, acetoin, benzaldehyde and tetramethylpyrazine. Correspondingly, non-volatile metabolites were also detected through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A variety of amino acids and functional dipeptides were identified during the traditional brewing of Hongqu aged vinegar. Correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus was significantly associated with DL-lactate, indolelactic acid, D-(+)-3-phenyllactic acid, pimelic acid, pregabalin and 3-aminobutanoic acid. This study is useful for understanding flavor formation mechanism and developing effective strategies for the suitable strains selection to improve the flavor quality of Hongqu aged vinegar.

Study of vibrational spectra of zwitterionic 3-Aminobutanoic acid, as supported by DFT calculations

3-Aminobutanoic acid is an unnatural amino acid and by analogy with other amino acids, is represented in its zwitterionic form by R-CH(COO¯)NH­3+ (where side group R = aryl, alkyl or any other group) in solid phase. Experimental IR and Raman modes near 3029, 2871, 1577, 1288 cm-1 measured for 3ABA are strongly in favor of the zwitterionic dimer structure formed of –N-H∙∙∙O–C bonding between –NH­3+ and anion – CO2¯ groups. Zwitterionic monomer and dimer structures at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level are computed. It has been found that the stable zwitterionic monomer and dimer structures are possible only in a water solvent medium computed using SCRF SMD solvation model. The zwitterionic dimer vibrational structure is in good agreement with the experiment and both zwitterionic monomer and dimer models have identically predicted the frequencies of the modes that are localized and unperturbed except those that characterize the H-bonding due to the –N-H∙∙∙O bonding. This is supported by the appearance of two characteristic medium strong Raman modes at 900 and 843 cm-1 that suggest unperturbed C-C skeletal structure and localized modes due to CH, CH2 and CH3 groups bound to it.

Study of vibrational spectra of zwitterionic 3-Aminobutanoic acid, as supported by DFT calculations

Study of vibrational spectra of zwitterionic 3-Aminobutanoic acid, as supported by DFT calculations

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor May Be Involved in the Behavioral Changes of Progeny Rats after Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium during Pregnancy.

Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy have an adversely effects on offspring behavior and development. However, its mechanism is still poorly understood. To uncover this, we added ceftriaxone sodium to the drinking water of rats during pregnancy and conducted three-chamber sociability test, open-field test, and Morris water maze test in 3- and 6-week-old offspring. The antibiotic group offspring showed lower sociability and spatial learning and memory than control. To determine the role of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the changes in offspring behavior, fecal samples of 6-week-old offspring rats were sequenced. The composition of dominant gut microbial taxa differed between the control and antibiotic groups. KEGG pathway analysis showed that S24-7 exerted its effects through the metabolic pathways including mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that S24-7 abundance was negatively correlated with the level of VEGF, and metabolites associated with S24-7-including 3-aminobutanoic acid, dacarbazine, L-leucine, 3-ketosphinganine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-were also significantly correlated with VEGF levels. The findings suggest that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, specifically ceftriaxone sodium, will adversely affects the behavior of offspring rats due to the imbalance of gut microbiota, especially S24-7, via VEGF and various metabolic pathways.

Different effects of phytohormones on Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot resistance in Brachypodium distachyon

ABSTRACT Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of small grain cereals causing both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR). Exogenous application of phytohormones has been shown to affect FHB resistance. In contrast to FHB, FRR remains poorly characterised and it is unknown whether phytohormones play similar roles in FHB and FRR. In this present study, B. distachyon floral tissues at mid-anthesis and root tissues from seedlings were exogenously treated with several phytohormones before inoculation with F. graminearum. The canonical defence-associated phytohormones had differing effects on FHB and FRR. Salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased susceptibility to FRR but not to FHB while jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene increased resistance to FRR but increased susceptibility to FHB. Additionally, the growth-associated phytohormones auxin and cytokinin significantly increased resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to both diseases. This study is the first to compare phytohormone effects between FHB and FRR in the same host. Highlight The tissue-dependent effects of defence phytohormones and tissue-independent effects of development phytohormones on F. graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot diseases in the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon. Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; BABA, 3-aminobutanoic acid; dpi, days post inoculation; FHB, Fusarium head blight; FRR, Fusarium root rot; IAA indole-3-acetic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; NAA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid; PDA, potato dextrose agar; RNL, root necrosis length; SA, salicylic acid

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE MYCELIUM OF ISARIA JAPONICA YASUDA

A chemical investigation of the mycelium of Isaria japnonica Yasuda resulted in theidentification of eight compounds, including two steroids (ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide), oneflavonoid (tricine), one phenolic (2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid), two nitrogenouscompounds (adenosine, uracil), one saccharide (D-mannitol), one amino acid (3-amino butanoicacid). The chemical structures of nine compounds were determined on the basis of 1D and 2DNMR, UV, IR and MS analytical results.

Biochemical characterization and structural insight into aliphatic β-amino acid adenylation enzymes IdnL1 and CmiS6.

Macrolactam antibiotics such as incednine and cremimycin possess an aliphatic β-amino acid as a starter unit of their polyketide chain. In the biosynthesis of incednine and cremimycin, unique stand-alone adenylation enzymes IdnL1 and CmiS6 select and activate the proper aliphatic β-amino acid as a starter unit. In this study, we describe the enzymatic characterization and the structural basis of substrate specificity of IdnL1 and CmiS6. Functional analysis revealed that IdnL1 and CmiS6 recognize 3-aminobutanoic acid and 3-aminononanoic acid, respectively. We solved the X-ray crystal structures of IdnL1 and CmiS6 to understand the recognition mechanism of these aliphatic β-amino acids. These structures revealed that IdnL1 and CmiS6 share a common recognition motif that interacts with the β-amino group of the substrates. However, the hydrophobic side-chains of the substrates are accommodated differently in the two enzymes. IdnL1 has a bulky Leu220 located close to the terminal methyl group of 3-aminobutanoate of the trapped acyl-adenylate intermediate to construct a shallow substrate-binding pocket. In contrast, CmiS6 possesses Gly220 at the corresponding position to accommodate 3-aminononanoic acid. This structural observation was supported by a mutational study. Thus, the size of amino acid residue at the 220 position is critical for the selection of an aliphatic β-amino acid substrate in these adenylation enzymes. Proteins 2017; 85:1238-1247. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Banana Moko disease management with resistance inducers and chlorine dioxide

The plant disease Moko, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important bacterial disease in banana and plantain crops worldwide. In the present study, chlorine dioxide and seven resistance inducers in banana plants (Musa sp.) infected with this bacterium were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. For the evaluation of chlorine dioxide, three doses were used (10, 30 and 50 mg L-1). The evaluation of the resistance inducers included the following: sodium salicylate 0.4 g L-1; hydrogen peroxide 1 mM; potassium phosphite 1.5 mL L-1; 3-aminobutanoic acid 1.0 g L-1; methyl jasmonate 0.2 g L-1; acibenzolar-s-methyl 0.3 mL L-1 and chitosan 3.0 mg mL-1. The results showed a significant reduction of 74% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, which was calculated for the disease development when the injected chlorine dioxide dose was 50 mg L-1. The AUDPC value for the resistance inducers was reduced by 45.4% for chitosan, 75.5% for methyl jasmonate and 65.5% for 3-aminobutanoic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that these molecules have the potential to be used for control of the Moko disease.

Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Aqueous Phenylalanine, Tyrosine Isomers, and Aminobutyric Acids at Infinitesimal Concentration and Temperatures from (293.2 to 333.2) K

Mutual diffusion coefficients at infinitesimal concentration and atmospheric pressure were measured for binary aqueous solutions of four α-amino acids (2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid (phenylalanine), 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (p-tyrosine), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (m-tyrosine), and 2-amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (o-tyrosine)) at temperatures from (298.3 to 313.2) K and five aminobutyric acid isomers (2-aminobutanoic acid (α-aminobutyric acid), 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid (α-aminoisobutyric acid), 3-aminobutanoic acid (β-aminobutyric acid), 3-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid (β-aminoisobutyric acid), and 4-aminobutanoic acid (γ-aminobutyric acid)) at temperatures from (293.2 to 333.2) K. The diffusion coefficients for each of the amino acids were well-represented by a simple correlation as a function of temperature and solvent viscosity with two adjustable parameters determined for each solute. The two parameters determined for each amino acid in our present and previous studies were closely related to the molar volume of the amino acids at its normal boiling point. We proposed predictive correlations for the diffusion coefficients of aqueous amino acid solutions at infinitesimal concentrations and tested the accuracy of the predictions with the reference data for aqueous amino acids at 298.2 K.

Synthesis of N-substituted acyclic β-amino acids and their investigation as GABA uptake inhibitors

In this publication, we describe the synthesis of new inhibitors for the GABA transporter subtypes GAT1 and especially GAT3. We started with 3-aminopropanoic acid possessing a distinct preference for GAT3 in comparison to GAT1 and furthermore its homolog 3-aminobutanoic acid. A series of respective N-substituted amino acids was synthesized by selective N-monoalkylation of these parent structures with 6 different arylalkyl alcohols via a Mitsunobu-type reaction. The resulting compounds were investigated for their inhibitory potency GABA transporter subtypes. Among all tested compounds the 4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl substituted 3-aminobutanoic acid (rac)-6b showed highest potency with a pIC50 value of 5.34 at GAT1. Unfortunately, the expected GAT3 potency for 2-[tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl substituted derivatives was not as high as observed for the respective nipecotic acid derivatives.

Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of apolar β-amino acids on a quinine-derived chiral anion-exchanger stationary phase

A quinine-derived chiral anion-exchanger stationary phase was applied for the direct high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of N-protected unusual β-amino acids, i.e. 3-aminobutanoic acid, 3-aminopentanoic acid, 3-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 3-amino-4-methylhexanoic acid, 3-amino-4-ethylhexanoic acid, 3-amino-3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid, 3-amino-3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propanoic acid and 3-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. The readily prepared N-2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives were well separable, with good efficiency and high resolution. The chromatographic conditions (eluent composition, pH and buffer concentration) were varied to achieve optimal separation. In some cases, the elution sequences of the enantiomers of the derivatives were determined.

ChemInform Abstract: α‐Alkylation of β‐Aminobutanoates with lk‐1,2‐Induction.

Abstract Dilithiated methyl- or ethyl-N-benzoyl-3-aminobutanoates are alkylated or added to benzaldehyde to give products of l - and u , u -configuration respectivly. Several methods are presented by which enantiomerically pure 3-aminobutanoic acid derivatives can be prepared.

α-Alkylation of β-aminobutanoates with lk-1.2-induction

Dilithiated methyl- or ethyl-N-benzoyl-3-aminobutanoates are alkylated or added to benzaldehyde to give products of l- and u, u-configuration respectivly. Several methods are presented by which enantiomerically pure 3-aminobutanoic acid derivatives can be prepared.

Manejo de la pudrición acuosa del pseudo-tallo (<i>Dickeya</i> sp.) en banano (<i>Musa</i> sp.) bajo condiciones de invernadero

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de 4 inductores de resistencia y 3 dosis de Dióxido de Cloro para el manejo de la pudrición acuosa del pseudo-tallo (Dickeya sp.) en banano. Los inductores de resistencia y sus dosis fueron Fosfito de Potasio: 1,5 cm 3 .l -1 ; Ácido 3-Aminobutanoico: 1,0 g.l -1 ; Metil Jasmonato: 0,2 g.l -1 ; y Acibenzolar-S-Metil: 0,3 ml.l -1 . Todos aplicados vía foliar. Por su parte el Dióxido de Cloro se aplicó inyectado al pseudo- tallo, en dosis de 10, 20 y 30 mg.l -1 . Las variables evaluadas fueron: desarrollo de la enfermedad, biomasa total y cuantificación de la bacteria en los pseudo-tallos inoculados. Las aplicaciones de Dióxido de Cloro lograron una reducción de la enfermedad del 65,4; 91,99 y 61,5%, además de la inhibición en un 100% del patógeno, en las dosis de 30 y 50 mg.l -1 . Por su parte, el uso de los inductores de resistencia logró una reducción de hasta 60,6% de la enfermedad, pero este efecto no logró mejorar el desarrollo de las plantas.