2nd Station Research Articles

Research on efficiency simulation model of pumping stations based on data-driven methods

The operational efficiency error of a pumping station unit is affected by several factors, resulting in a large error between the theoretical and actual pumping efficiencies. To solve the problem of accurately simulating the operating efficiency of the pumping station unit, this study conducted research on efficiency simulation models of pumping based on data-driven from three aspects: ①model algorithm, ②feature input and ③response output. In this study, eight machine learning models were introduced to establish pumping unit efficiency simulation models and they were compared with the traditional polynomial regression models, and the models with better performance were selected. Then the experiment proposed using “upstream water level + downstream water level” (UWL + DWL) instead of the traditional “head” (H) as feature input to train the models, and discussed the effects on efficiency simulation accuracy with direct fitting efficiency and fitting power then calculate the efficiency through formula. An example analysis was carried out using the historical data of eight units at Pizhou Station and Suining 2nd Station on the East Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The experimental results show that ① among all methods, the models based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) has the most accurate in ERMS, EMA, R², and EMI indicators, R² is close to 0.92. ②After UWL + DWL was used to train the models, all the test set indicators of the GPR models improved, and the EMA indicator decreased from an average of 0.39–0.26 %. ③ The study found that the fitting efficiency directly is better than the calculation efficiency after fitting the power, but the R² of fitting the power is better than the efficiency, which may provide another idea for the optimal goal of economic operation of pumping stations. ④ On the whole, trainning the GPR models with UWL + DWL to simulate efficiency has the highest precision, for example the EMA and EMI indicators of No.4 unit in Pizhou station can be reduced from 16.49 % and 20.40–0.18 % and 1.55 % respectively. The research results have practical significance and can provide strong support for the economical operation of pump stations.

GEM detectors for the CMS endcap muon system: status of three new detector stations

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or Phase-2 LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5–7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140–200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing (Pile-up or PU). To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background, the forward part of the Muon Spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) detectors [1,2]. A first GEM station (GE1/1) was installed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019–2021), a 2nd station (GE2/1) of Triple-GEM detectors will be installed in winter 2023–24 and 2024–25, while a new 6-layer station (ME0) will be installed in the third Long Shutdown (LS3, 2026–2028). GE11 is considered an early Phase-2 upgrade as it will reduce the pT threshold by combining GEM and Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) hits in the forward muon system at twice the LHC design luminosity (ℒ = 2 · 1034 cm-2 s-1, 50 PU). After a successful start of Run-3 in 2022, with almost 40 fb-1 collected, the commissioning of the GE1/1 detector is nearly complete. Most chambers are operated stably with an efficiency in excess of 95%, next being the demonstration of the combined CSC-GEM trigger in 2023. The lessons learnt with the first large-area GEM station have lead to improvements in detector and electronics design for the Phase 2 detectors GE2/1 and ME0. This proceeding will discuss the progress made since last MPGD Conference (MPGD 2019) [3], discussing the commissioning and early performance of GE1/1; the design improvements and start of construction of GE2/1; and the R&D currently ongoing for ME0.

Mountaineering And Altitude Sickness: A Study of AMS Prevalence among Climbers of Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia

Introduction: Adventure tourism has become one of Malaysia’s most attractive tourism demands, and mountain climbing is rapidly becoming a popular recreational sport. Exploring mountain adventures offers a dynamic experience, preserving this fascinating activity, yet the climbers are exposed to the risk of altitude sickness, such as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AMS and investigate the effects of high-altitude sickness on the climber profile associated with climbing at Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia. Methods:. The Lake Louise acute mountain sickness LLS score questionnaire collected 95 climber’s data at four different altitudes. SPO2 and Pulse rate was (PR) measured using a finger pulse oximeter. In a cohort study, AMS was measured on day one at 1866m (1st station), 3622m (2nd station), and day two at 3810m (3rd station), and 4095m (4th station). Results: At the altitude of 1866 (Timpohon Gate), the prevalence of AMS was 0%, 30% at 3622m (Laban Rata), 34.7% at 3810m (Sayat-Sayat), and 37.9% at 4095m (Low’s Peak). The overall prevalence of AMS was 37.9% and the majority of AMS cases were moderate in severity and the LLS score is significant with Pulse Rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO2). Conclusion: Concisely, this finding has triggered a need for consideration from multi agencies to enhance mountaineering guidance, especially for beginners or inexperienced hikers, for a suitable package for climbing attempts to reduce the incidence of AMS among Mount Kinabalu climbers.

Taxonomic Diversity and Structure of Gastropods in Stations at <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L. (Lamiaceae) in the Gardens of Tlemcen Park (Tlemcen Mounts, Algeria)

The Tlemcen region is located in north-western Algeria and is characterized by a semi-arid bioclimate. An approach to the diversity of the malacofauna associated with Salvia officinalis was carried out in three stations belonging to this area from February to June 2015. The specific richness of the Gastropods is 9 divided into three families: Milacidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. The second includes two subfamilies including that of Helicinae and that of Helicellinae. Two species are constant, 01 is incidental and the 06 others are very accidental. The relative importance of snails fluctuates according to the stations and according to the months and the seasons. In winter, in the first station the malacological richness is equal to 6. In February, the specific richness is relatively important in the 2nd station with a value equal to 7. Milax nigricans (Milacidae) has a frequency of 10% in station 1 and has a density of 0.1 in this same station. It is absent in the other two stations. Euparypha pisana has a frequency of 60% in station 3 and an abundance of 0.57 in this same station.

Trophic-Saprobic Index Based on Macrozoobenthos Abundance as Indicator of Pollution Status in The Banjir Kanal Barat River.

The Banjir Kanal Barat River is one of the major rivers in the Semarang City and there are various activites along the river by the citizen which will give an impact to lead to pollution on water quality. Macrozoobenthos can be used as bioindicator because of it’s low of mobility, easy to catch and identify. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure of macrozoobenthos, the saprobic index value and to determine the pollution status of The Banjir Kanal Barat River.This research was conducted in June-July 2020 using a purposive sampling technique with a total of three stations. The 1st Station is dredged waters in 2019, the 2nd Station is polluted waters due to chicken farm waste, and the 3rd Stations is polluted waters due to domestic waste.The identification of macrozoobenthos use FAO book (1998) and Conchology.be website.The Calculation of community structure of macrozoobenthos consist of diversity, uniformity, and dominance index.The data analysis in this research are data analysis of community structure of macrozoobenthos and saprobic index. The result showed that the Diversity Index (H’) ranged from 0,98 to 1,17 while the Uniformity Index (e) was between 0,56-0,71 and the Dominance Index (C) ranged from 0,43 to 0,45. There were 8 types of macrozoobenthos, consisting of 1 type from the polysaprobic group, 2 types from the β-mesosaprobic group and 5 types from the non-saprobik group. Based on the calculation of the saprobic index value obtained -0,11 and the Tropic Saprobic Index was -1,07. The pollution status of the Banjir Kanal Barat River is indicated moderate to severe pollution.

The effects of mobile thermal power plants on air quality in Turkey

In this study, daily averages of air quality parameters were measured in two stations (S1 and S2) of the organized industrial district in Samsun. The meteorological variables were measured at only one station (S1), such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient pressure in 2007, and the daily promised limit for nitrogen dioxide has been especially exceeded at 206 times for 1st station. However, exceeds of the limit value in 2006 for 1st station was reduced by approximately 3.5 times. The daily nitrogen dioxide concentration did not exceed the daily limit of WHO[1] as for 2nd station. The results obtained showed that under the influence of dominant wind direction, the second station measurement results are higher than that of the first station. To determine all of the possible environmental effects, the measurements should be analyzed from a multi-point perspective.

Composition and structure of Gastropoda in the Lavandula dentata L. (Labiatae) stations in the Ghazaouet region (Tlemcen, North-West Algeria)

An approach to the diversity of malacofauna associated with toothed lavender was carried out in three stations belonging to the coastal region of Ghazaouet (Wilaya de Tlemcen) from January to July 2013. The specific richness of gastropods is 14 species. Four species are accessories and ten others are accidental. The relative importance of snails varies by station and by month and season. Gastropods preferring certain humidity are easily collected in winter and spring. In April, the species richness is relatively important (6 species) in the 1st and 2nd stations respectively. Milax gagates has a frequency of 78.57% in the first station (Sidi-Aissa) and 57.14% in the 2nd station (Sidi - Amar). Helicella pyramidata has a frequency of 35.71% in station 3 (Bab Khroufa). Similarly, this Helicellinae has a density equal to 0.50 in the same station. Keywords: Lavandula dentata, terrestrial gastropods, diversity, bioecology, vertical distribution, Ghazaouet region (Tlemcen).

Seasonal Distribution of Rotifera Compositions and Abundance in Kayalıköy Reservoir (Kırklareli/Turkey)

This study was carried out to determine the diversity, abundance seasonal distribution of Rotifera in Kayalıköy reservoir. Rotifera and water samples were collected monthly intervals from May 2018 to April 2019 in three different stations in the reservoir and some environmental parameters were also measured. A total of 40 species from Rotifera were determined in the reservoir. The quantitative evaluation of the Rotifera samples were found an average of 27938 ± 18992 ind/m3in the Kayalıköy reservoir. The maximum numbers of Rotifera in the reservoir were found in autumn (42966 ind/m3) and at 2nd station (33487 ind/m3), the minimum numbers were recorded in winter (1474 ind/m3) and at 1st stations (24850 ind/m3). The most common species in the reservoir were found Brachionus quadridentatus, Keratella cochlearis, K. quadrata, Synchaeta pectinata, Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra vulgaris and Filinia longiseta. According to the water quality standards of Turkey, the water quality of Kayalıköy reservoir was found Class I and A1. When we examined the species identified in the reservoir, the distribution of the individuals that make up the Rotifera fauna and physicochemical parameters as a whole, it has been concluded that Kayalıköy reservoir has water suitable for drinking, agricultural irrigation and aquaculture and it’s classified as oligomesotrophic character.

Trace Metal Concentrations in the Seston of the Gulf of İskenderun (Turkey, North-Eastern Mediterranean)

In this study, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Al, Mn, Pb and Cr metals were determined in the seston at different stations in Iskenderun Bay, along with their seasonal variations, during the period from June 2012 to September 2013. The bay is exposed to intense environmental impacts due to local industrial facilities, settlements, river discharges and shipping. The ranking of annual average trace metal accumulation concentrations in seston was determined to be Al > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Mn > Ni > Co > Cr in Iskenderun Bay. Al had the highest metal accumulation at a concentration of 1269.11 ± 20.23mg/kg recorded at the 2nd station during autumn. Cr had the lowest accumulation at a concentration of 0.62 ± 0.14mg/kg recorded at the 1st station during spring. Except for Co, it was determined that the highest accumulations for all metals were in autumn, and, except for Cu and Mn, the lowest accumulations were in spring.

Seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) as an Heavy Metal Bioindicator on Biomonitoring Water Quality in Sanur Beach Bali

Abstract. Heavy metal contamination is a major threat for marine ecosystem that directly affecting the organisms’ life. Some of marine organisms have an ability to response the heavy metal contamination in water, and could be used as bio-indicator. One of them is seagrass that used in this study to evaluate the water quality in Sanur beach. This study was held in Sanur beach, Denpasar, from July-August 2018. Sampling location determined by purposive sampling method and generated 4 research stations. Sediments and seagrass leaves (Enhalus acoroides) was collected and analyzed in Analytical Laboratory Udayana University using ICPE-9000. Water quality parameters measured in situ (temperature and salinity) and in Medical Laboratory Bali Province (pH and DO). The results showed if the water quality in all research stations were in safety range based on Governor Regulation No. 16 of 2016 about marine water quality for tourism and recreation. The highest content of heavy metal (Pb) in sediment is 16.207 mg kg-1 that possessed by the 1st station, while the lowest is 14.318 mg kg-1 at the 3rd station. The highest Pb content in seagrass leaves at the 2nd station is 5.646 mg kg-1, and the lowest at the 1st station is 4.926 mg kg-1. The 3rd station sediment had the highest Cd content is 2.252 mg kg-1 and the 4th station had the lowest is 2.044 mg kg-1, while for leaves with the highest Cd content was at the 4th station is 0.552 mg kg-1 and the lowest at the 3rd station is 0.458 mg kg-1. The Cu content in sediment was highest at the 1st station is 11.533 mg kg-1 and the lowest at the 3rd station is 8.501 mg kg-1. For leaves’ Cu content, the highest amount of Cu is 3.699 mg kg-1 at the 4th station, while the lowest at the 2nd station with 2.570 mg kg-1.

Effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton at a freshwater body of Euphrates Basin (Elazıg-Turkey)

In this study zooplankton was determined between June 2015-May 2016 in Keban Reservoir. Also some chemical and physical parameters as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and Chlorophyll a were measured in situ, monthly. Total of 40 zooplankton species; 27 Rotifera, 11 Cladocera, 2 Copepoda species were identified in this study. The data of this study were evaluated number of individuals, species richness and species diversity. Maximum, minimum, SD and mean values of water quality parameters were calculated. As a result of Shannon Wiener index analysis of current study, species diversity was found highest in January (H'=2.03) and the least index value was found in May (H'=0.46). Margalef index value recorded in its highest value in January (D=1.07) in the 2nd station and the lowest value in February (D=0.11) in the 1st station.

Analisis Kadar Logam Kadmium (Cd) dan Timbal (Pb) pada Sedimen Di Teluk Ambon Bagian Dalam

The research about analysis of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) metal content on sediment inner part of Ambon Bay has been done. Sampling point located at Dermaga Ferry Poka, PLTD Poka, Kate-kate, Waiheru, Lateri III, Passo dan PLTD Galala. The results of analyzed of sediment particle size inside the Ambon Bay showed 3 components were sand, gravel, and sludge, but the sediments was dominated by sludge sand. Analysis of Cd content showed that at 7 stations in Ambon Bay detected Cd metal with the highest concentration at 4th station of Waiheru village was 0,6640 mg/Kg and the lowest concentration at 3th station of Kate-kate village was 0,0980 mg/Kg. Meanwhile, the highest Pb content was 20,075 mg/kg at 4th station and the lowest was 5,755 mg/kg at 2nd station of PLN Poka. The content of elements composition of sediment are SiO2, K2O, P2O5, Fe2, BaO, NiO and Ga2O3 but Cd and Pb metal was not detected.

Physiological Response of Thallasia hemprichii on Antrophogenic Pressure In Pari Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta

Seagrass ecosystem is one of tropical marine ecosystem and have important function. The function of ecosystem like a feeding and nursery ground for marine biota. Antrophogenic pressure is one of threat for seagrass ecosystem sustainability. This research study about effect antropogenic pressure for seagrass Thallasia hemprichii physiology response in some different location at Great Barrier Pari Island. The physiology response study cover growth, heavy metal bioaccumulation and histology analysis. The result shows that growth of leaf and rhizome Thalassia hemprichii have positif correlation with nutrient consentration in environment. The highest growth of leaf Thalassia hemprichii at 2nd station (4.16 mm.day-1) and the highest growth of rhizome Thalassia hemprichii at 4th station (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass can accumulation heavy metal from environment. The highest heavy metal accumulation is Pb. Not correlation between heavy metal consentration in seagrass with heavy metal concentration from environment. Analysis histology result that not damage seagrass tissue in all research station. Keyword : Bioacumulation,Growth,Physiology,Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichiiSeagrass ecosystems is one of the tropical marine ecosystems that have important functions, among others as a feeding and nursery ground for marine life. Anthropogenic stress is one of the threats that may inhibit the survival of seagrass ecosystems. This study examines the effects of anthropogenic pressures on physiological responses of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at several different locations in Pari Islands. Physiological responses studied were leaves and rhizome growth, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histological tissue analysis on seagrass. The results showed that the growth response of seagrass has a positive correlation with the nutrients in the environment. Seagrass leaf growth is highest at Station 2 (4.16 mm.day-1) and rhizome growth is highest at Station 4 (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass accumulate heavy metals from the environment and accumulation of heavy metals is highest on Pb. There is no correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the seagrass and environment. The results of histological analysis showed that there was no damage to the tissue of seagrass leaf and rhizome. Keywords : Bio-acumulation, Growth, Physiology, Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii

Some aerobic bacterial causes of clinical mastitis in cows &study some causes of treatment failure

The study included 82 clinical mastitic cows (328 quarters) in two dairycattle stations, 15 cows in the first station in Baghdad and 67 cows in thesecond station in Babel, Clinical inspection was conducted on cows and it’sudder, milk samples were collected under sterile condition and subjected forphysical, chemical & bacteriological examination with antibiotic sensitivitytest of the isolated pathogens.The mastitic cows in each station were divided into two groups, the 1st(Treated group) in which cows treated by us and the 2nd (control group) inwhich cows were treated by the staff of station. After treatment all cowswere examined clinically and bacteriologly four times (once 10 days). Swapsfrom milker’s hands and milking machine were also taken.The results revealed that out of 328examined quarters, 212 quarters wereinfected (55 quarter in the 1st station and 157 quarter in the 2nd station). Theacute form of mastitis represent high percent and the occurance of thedisease increased with the advance age. The hind quarters were morefrequently affected than fore ones.Staph.aureus was the only isolate from the 1st station, while 14 type ofbacteria was isolated from the 2nd station .Staph. aureus & Staph.epidermidiswere isolated from milker’s hand,where as Bacillus cereus, Klebsiellapneumoniae . & Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Pasteurella spp. were isolatedfrom teat cups.

PET-based mapping of lymph node spread in lung cancer (NSCLC)

7187 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of mediastinal nodal involvement in NSCLC in relation to primary tumour location using PET imaging. Methods: A database of 800 patients scanned for suspected lung cancer was studied. The locations of the primary tumour and of any nodal metastases were noted. Nodes were considered positive if the uptake was significantly raised relative to the surrounding region. The study was intended to generate hypotheses for potential areas of research. Results: UZ = upper zone, MZ = mid-zone, LZ = lower zone, IH = ipsilateral hilar, SC = subcarinal, TB = tracheobronchial, PT = paratracheal, CH = contralateral hilar, AP/SM = Aortopulmonary /Superior Mediastinal, N+ = node positive. In IHN positive patients 14%, 6% and 23% respectively of UZ, MZ and LZ tumours showed increased activity in the SCN, 11%, 6% and 5% in the TBN and 17%, 7% and 14% in the CHN. In IHN negative patients the corresponding figures were 18%, 27% and 70% for SCN, 14%, 18% and 0% for TBN and 21%, 18% and 10% for CHN. Increased activity was seen in the TBN and SCN of 24 and 55 patients respectively, only 5 of these in the same patients. Conclusions: Hypotheses consistent with these results are: 1. IHN involvement is similar regardless of primary tumour location. 2. SC nodal involvement is more common with LZ tumours. 3. TB nodal involvement is more common with UZ tumours. 4. The CH nodes are more commonly involved than other nodal areas more frequently sampled or treated in routine clinical practice. This could mean that some NSCLC patients are significantly undertreated. 5. The TB and SC node groups might represent 2nd station nodes of distinct lymphatic pathways from IH nodes. These results give valuable information for further research into patterns of nodal spread in NSCLC aimed at improving radiotherapy and surgical planning. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Somatic afferent transmission and cortical responsiveness during natural sleep and arousal in the cat

Both peripherally and centrally evoked somatic responses vary greatly in amplitude according to the level of vigilance. This effect is due both to modifications of afferent transmission along the somatic pathways and to variations in responsiveness of the cortical neurones. In particular: 1. (a) the afferent transmission at the level of the 1st station (gracilis and cuneatus nuclei) does not seem to be affected by the depth of sleep, being unchanged during deep sleep as compared to light sleep; during arousal it may vary greatly according to concomitant behavioural changes; 2. (b) the afferent transmission at the level of the 2nd station (nucleus ventro-postero-lateralis of the thalamus) is constantly affected by the depth of sleep, being maximal during deep sleep; during arousal it can appear either facilitated or depressed according to the depth of the preceding spell of sleep; 3. (c) somatic cortical responsiveness is maximal during light sleep, being apparently depressed during deep sleep and arousal.