2nd Edition Research Articles

Ursula Goodenough, <i>The Sacred Depths of Nature: How Life Has Emerged and Evolved</i>

Ursula Goodenough, The Sacred Depths of Nature: How Life Has Emerged and Evolved (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2023), 288pp., $29.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780197662069.

Surveying trans and nonbinary communities: Research methodologies, accountability, and ethics with the Trans Bodies, Trans Selves Survey (2nd edition).

Surveying trans and nonbinary communities: Research methodologies, accountability, and ethics with the Trans Bodies, Trans Selves Survey (2nd edition).

Practical Periodontal Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, 2nd Edition

Practical Periodontal Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, 2nd Edition

Personality and Learning Behavioral Characteristics as Predictors of Academic Achievement of Medical Students

This study investigates whether personality characteristics and learning behaviors can predict medical students’ academic achievement in Korea, specifically in terms of successfully completing medical school without delays or achieving a high grade point average (GPA) in their final year. In May 2018, 316 medical students took the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test, 2nd edition, which provided data on their personality and learning behavioral characteristics. Their final year’s GPA and any delays in completing medical school were ascertained by reviewing all electronic academic records of each semester they had been enrolled. The combination of personality and learning behavioral characteristics was significantly associated with completing medical school without delays, even after adjusting for sex and admission path. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for completing medical school without delays were 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–2.78) and 3.64 (95% CI, 1.70–7.82) for “others” and “both high” categories, respectively, when compared with the “both low” category. For 235 students who completed medical school without delays, their learning behavioral characteristics (scores) were significantly associated with their final year’s GPA even after adjusting for sex, admission path, and personality characteristics (scores) as determined by the multiple linear regression analysis. This study suggests that individual personality and learning behavior characteristics are predictors of medical students’ academic achievement. Therefore, interventions such as personalized counseling programs should be provided in consideration of such student characteristics.

The association between family functioning and problem behaviors among Chinese preschool left-behind children: the chain mediating effect of emotion regulation and psychological resilience.

The family environment has a significant impact on the psychological and behavioral development of children, especially those who are left behind in preschool and experience parent-child separation at a young age. These children face a greater risk of family dysfunction, which can lead to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. While numerous studies have established a connection between family functioning and problem behaviors, few have explored the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Our study seeks to address this gap by examining how emotion regulation and psychological resilience mediate the link between family functioning and problem behavior. The sample consisted of 940 preschool children (51.5% male, 48.5% female) with a mean age of 5.07 ± 0.80. The main guardians of the children were given the Family Assessment Device, Preschool Children's Emotion Regulation Scale, the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers (2nd edition), and the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales to assess their family functioning, emotion regulation, psychological resilience, and problem behavior respectively. Lower family functioning was associated with more severe problem behaviors in preschool left-behind children, and emotion regulation and psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between family functioning and problem behaviors, respectively. In addition, emotion regulation and psychological resilience were also chain mediators between family functioning and problem behaviors. The study's findings highlighted the crucial role of emotional regulation and psychological resilience in the correlation between family functioning and problem behaviors. It is recommended that policymakers and educators place a high priority on the cultivation of internal psychological resources, such as emotional regulation and resilience, in preschool-aged children when designing interventions to address problem behaviors.

Changes in Behaviours Following an Integrative Exercise Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Influence of Symptom Severity

ABSTRACT The current study investigated the effects of an integrative exercise intervention on the behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and if they were influenced by ASD symptom severity. Sixty-six children (7.56 ± 2.03 yrs.) with ASD were enrolled and categorised as having mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 18) or severe (n = 26) symptoms of ASD by teachers using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale 2nd edition. Participants completed a school-based, eight-week, integrative exercise intervention, consisting of three, one-hour sessions per week. Teachers rated the symptoms of ASD in each participant pre- and post-intervention using the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist. There were significant improvements in behaviours post-intervention for all children (p < 0.05; r = 0.20–0.33); however, sub-group analysis indicated that participants with severe ASD experienced greater improvements in irritability, social withdrawal, stereotypic behaviour, and inappropriate speech (p < 0.05). The findings highlight the benefits of school-based integrative exercise interventions for improving behaviours in children with ASD.

Review of The Supervisor's Guidebook: Evidence‐Based Strategies for Promoting Work Quality and Enjoyment Among Human Service Staff (2nd edition) by Dennis Reid, Marsha Parsons, and Carolyn Green

AbstractThis article summarizes a review of the book The Supervisor's Guidebook: Evidence‐Based Strategies for Promoting Work Quality and Enjoyment Among Human Service Staff (2nd edition) by Reid, Parsons, and Green. We describe the book's organization and content. In addition, strengths and areas for improvement are noted. The book provides rich, relevant content to guide supervisory practices within a participative, evidence‐based approach that could be applied in various human service settings.

Associations among Motor Competence, Physical Activity, Perceived Motor Competence, and Aerobic Fitness in 10-15-Year-Old Youth.

(1) Background: The developmental model describes possible mechanisms that could impact the trajectory of children and adolescents' health behaviors related to obesity; however, few data are available that support this model in the adolescent population. This study investigated the associations among motor competence (MC), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), perceived motor competence (PMC), and aerobic fitness in children and adolescents and the mediating and moderating effects of PMC, aerobic fitness, and weight status on the MC-MVPA relationship. (2) Methods: Participants included 47 adolescents (12.2 ± 1.6 y; 55% male) who completed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd Edition (MC), Harter's perceived self-competency questionnaire (PMC), and the PACER test (aerobic fitness) and whose MVPA was measured via accelerometry. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight. (3) Results: There were positive correlations between MC and fitness [rs(47) = 0.469, p < 0.01], PMC and fitness [rs(47) = 0.682, p < 0.01], and PMC and MC [rs(47) = 0.416, p < 0.01]. There were no associations among MVPA and MC, PMC, or fitness (p > 0.05). There were inverse associations between BMI and both MVPA [rs(44) = -0.410, p < 0.01] and fitness [rs(47) = 0.295, p < 0.05]. The association between MC and MVPA was mediated by fitness (β = 0.3984; 95% CI (0.0564-0.7985)). (4) Conclusions: The associations among MC, PMC, and fitness highlight the critical role of MC in health and partially support the proposed developmental model concerning the relationships that exist among MC, MVPA, PMC, fitness, and BMI.

대학전공선택검사의 성차에 의한 차별기능문항 탐색

Objectives Paying attention to the phenomenon of a gender gap in the choice of a major in the engineering de-partment, this study set out to examine whether there was differential item functioning by gender and what caused it by analyzing the items related to engineering in the Korean College Major Interest Inventory, 2nd Edition(KCMII-2).&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, the study used the data of 9,069 respondents who answered the activity preference items and the data of 9,040 respondents who answered the vocational preference items in the engineering sec-tion of the inventory in its analysis before checking if the data met the normal distribution and unidimensionality assumption requirements. Differential item functioning was extracted with the ‘lordif’ package of R and the PARSCALE program. The items whose differential function was found both in the programs were chosen as the final differential item functioning.&#x0D; Results The results of testing the assumption of unidimensionality suggested the possibility of other dimensions of latent trait beyond activity and career preferences. Subsequent analysis conducted through differential item functioning analysis revealed that nine out of the 30 activity preference items and seven out of the 30 vocational preference items were extracted as differential item functioning. All these items except for one activity preference item were favorable to female students. The activity preference items whose differential function included majors in life science and biotechnology, computer software, environmental studies and energy, and chemistry and chemical engineering. In terms of career preference, the differential functioning items encompassed majors in life science and biotechnology, chemistry and chemical engineering, and environmental studies and energy.&#x0D; Conclusions The study then inferred the causes of the differential item function extracted based on the findings and discussed the future direction of career education to help high school students overcome the gender gap in the choice of an engineering career and make a reasonable and sustainable career and occupation choice.

Review of Twenty-First-Century Access Services: On the Front Line of Academic Librarianship, 2nd Edition

&#x0D; &#x0D; Review of Twenty-First-Century Access Services: On the Front Line of Academic Librarianship, 2nd edition, edited by Michael J. Krasulski and Trevor A. Dawes. Association of College and Research Libraries. 320 pp. ISBN: 978-0-8389-3931-4 $76&#x0D; &#x0D;

The Impact of an Acute Active Reading Intervention on Physical Activity Levels in Preschoolers: A Comparative Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of an active reading intervention on physical activity (PA) levels in preschoolers. Participants were recruited from the 3-5-year-old classes at two preschools. A total of six classrooms and 37 children participated in three conditions: an active reading book read by a researcher (Act_R) trained in active play techniques, an active reading book read by a preschool classroom teacher (Act_T), and a book about health behavior read by both the researcher and the teacher (Sed_H). The order in which classes received each condition was randomized. The Actigraph accelerometer assessed PA. Motor skills were assessed with the Peabody Motor Development Scale, 2nd Edition. Participants spent significantly more time in sedentary behavior during the Sed_H condition compared to Act_R (p < 0.000) and Act_T (p < 0.008). Participants spent significantly more time in MVPA during Act_R compared to Act_T (p = 0.030), Act_T compared to Sed_H (p < 0.001), and Act_R compared to Sed_H (p < 0.001). The amount of MVPA participation within the active reading sessions was not dependent upon the level of fundamental motor skill competence. Active reading books may provide a feasible method to incorporate physical activity and active play into the preschool day.

To Catch a Virus, 2nd Edition

To Catch a Virus, 2nd Edition

Elderly Individuals Residing in Nursing Homes in Western Romania Who Have Been Diagnosed with Hearing Loss are at a Higher Risk of Experiencing Cognitive Impairment.

The objective of this research was to determine if there is any correlation between the severity of neurocognitive disorder and hearing impairment in the elderly. This is a population-based observational study that included subjects aged ≥ 65 years. They were evaluated for the existence of cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, stroke, alcohol abuse, and smoking. Hearing impairment was diagnosed by an audiologist, using behavioral audiometric examination. These evaluations might have been performed in response to concerns about hearing loss, or they could have been a routine component of yearly comprehensive health screenings that included a Mini-Mental State Examination 2nd Edition (MMSE-2) test. According to the results of the MMSE-2 scale, we divided the individuals into two groups, Group I for those who had cognitive impairment and severe neurocognitive disorder, and Group II for those who did not have cognitive impairment. The study enrolled 203 patients with a mean age of 77 ± 7.5 years (range 65-98), 99 (48%) were males. When comparing the two groups, group I patients presented more often cardiovascular risk factors, stroke, diabetes, and impaired hearing. The univariable logistic regression found that cognitive impairment was significantly more frequent in the elderly with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke (p<0.0001). The multivariate regression analysis found that stroke (p<0.0001) diabetes (p=0.0008), cardiovascular disease (p=0.0004), and impaired hearing (p=0.0011) were significantly linked to cognitive impairment. The occurrence of hearing impairment in the elderly was related to having an MMSE-2 score of 14 or below. According to the findings of this research, the elderly who have trouble hearing in addition to other conditions might have an increased risk for severe neurocognitive disorder.

Hydrology: An Introduction, 2nd Edition

Hydrology: An Introduction, 2nd Edition

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation in Mechanics and Dynamic Systems, 2nd Edition

Although it has been considered difficult to make further contributions in the field of mechanics, the spectacular evolution of technology and numerical calculation techniques has made these opinions shift, and increasingly sophisticated models have been developed, which should predict, as accurately as possible, the phenomena that take place in dynamic systems [...]

Assessment of Applicability of Gleurich and Pyle (GP) Method for Determination of Age of Children in 14-18 Years Age-Group at S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur

Background, Aim and Objective: Age estimation is also one of the important factors to establish individual’sidentity and radiological investigations play a phenomenal role in estimation of age in conjunction with clinical examination. The aim of this study to assess the applicability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for determination of age in 14-18 years of age group healthy population of Jaipur region. And objective is to assess the skeletal age determined by GP method using hand radiography of study population.Method: This study was carried out on total 80 subjects at the Department of Forensic Medicine in association with the Department of Radiology after obtaining due permission and approval from the RRB and IEC of SMS Medical College, Jaipur during the period from 1st July, 2020 to 31st August, 2021 of subjects between 14-18 years of age. All subjects recruited from each age sub-group category viz 14-15 years (Group A), 15-16 years (Group B), 16-17 years (Group C) and 17-18 years (Group D) including equal number of members from both sexes (10 males and 10 females of each age sub group category). After obtaining valid informed consent for age estimation all details,general physical &amp; dental examination was done and recorded in proposed Pro forma. The skeletal age (bone age) was determined using Greulich and Pyle Atlas (2nd edition, 1959)15. X-ray image on computer was comparedwith images on GP Atlas according to sex and most matching image to assess the skeletal age. Images wereseparated in two groups according to their sex and examined by both observers at different occasions to determine skeletal age of subjects and result derived.Result: Among all (n=80), of 81.2% Hindus (34 males and 31 females), 12.5% Muslims (4 males and 6 females) and 6.25% Jains (2 males and 3 females). Correlation of estimated skeletal age by GP method to the chronological age in both females and males showed a strong positive correlation. {r value=0.987 (females) &amp; 0.974 (males)} and for both p&lt;0.001 which indicates that the correlation of estimated skeletal age and chronological age was statistically significant.Conclusion: Study reveals skeletal age lagged behind chronological age in all age subgroups in both boys and girls but the difference of CA and SA is less in girls as compared to boys. The G-P atlas method, although very old but used with caution can yield good results for assessment of bone age in Indian boys and girls, better for girls. Delay in skeletal maturation was observed in both males and females, but the females in the sample matured earlier then the males. Thus, G-P atlas method seems applicable on Indian children. However, studies on larger sample sizes considering other factors may yield better insight into its forensic application.

Possessions: Indigenous Art/Colonial Culture/Decolonization (2nd edition).

Possessions: Indigenous Art/Colonial Culture/Decolonization (2nd edition).

Gestational glyphosate exposure and early childhood neurodevelopment in a Puerto Rico birth cohort

IntroductionN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or glyphosate, is a non-selective systemic herbicide widely used in agricultural, industrial, and residential settings since 1974. Glyphosate exposure has been inconsistently linked to neurotoxicity in animals, and studies of effects of gestational exposure among humans are scarce. In this study we investigated relationships between prenatal urinary glyphosate analytes and early childhood neurodevelopment. MethodsMother-child pairs from the PROTECT-CRECE birth cohort in Puerto Rico with measures for both maternal urinary glyphosate analytes and child neurodevelopment were included for analysis (n = 143). Spot urine samples were collected 1–3 times throughout pregnancy and analyzed for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), an environmental degradant of glyphosate. Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition Spanish (BDI-2), which provides scores for adaptive, personal-social, communication, motor, and cognitive domains. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between the geometric mean of maternal urinary glyphosate analytes across pregnancy and BDI-2 scores at each follow-up. Results were expressed as percent change in BDI-2 score per interquartile range increase in exposure. ResultsPrenatal AMPA concentrations were negatively associated with communication domain at 12 months (%change = −5.32; 95%CI: 9.04, −1.61; p = 0.007), and communication subdomain scores at 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, four BDI-2 domains were associated with AMPA: adaptive (%change = −3.15; 95%CI: 6.05, −0.25; p = 0.038), personal-social (%change = −4.37; 95%CI: 7.48, −1.26; p = 0.008), communication (%change = −7.00; 95%CI: 11.75, −2.26; p = 0.005), and cognitive (%change = −4.02; 95%CI: 6.72, −1.32; p = 0.005). Similar trends were observed with GLY concentrations, but most confidence intervals include zero. We found no significant associations at 6 months. ConclusionsOur results suggest that gestational exposure to glyphosate is associated with adverse early neurodevelopment, with more pronounced delays at 24 months. Given glyphosate's wide usage, further investigation into the impact of gestational glyphosate exposure on neurodevelopment is warranted.

Galatians: Gospel of Freedom, A Concise Commentary. 2nd edition. By Jeremy Thomas. Spokane: Independently Published, 2023. Paperback. 98 pp. $10.99. ISBM: 979–8858408215.

Galatians: Gospel of Freedom, A Concise Commentary. 2nd edition. By Jeremy Thomas. Spokane: Independently Published, 2023. Paperback. 98 pp. $10.99. ISBM: 979–8858408215.

Predicting Communication Skills Outcomes for Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Early Intervention.

This study aims to assess changes in the receptive and expressive language skills and to determine if the baseline characteristics such as communication, cognitive and motor skills, predict outcomes in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) following early intervention. We recruited 64 children participating in the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) early intervention program at an Autism Specific Early Learning and Care Center (ASELCC) in Australia. Baseline characteristics across various developmental domains was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, 2nd Edition (VABS-II), and the ESDM Curriculum Checklist. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects of the intervention on outcomes. Fixed-effects such as time, groups (verbal and minimally verbal), and time-by-group interactions were assessed whilst adjusting for covariates. Further, multiple linear regression models were used to determine if the baseline characteristics were significant predictors of the outcomes following the early intervention. Among the 64 children who participated in this study, 38 children were verbal, whereas 26 were deemed to have minimal verbal skills. The mean age of the sample was 4.1 years with a significant male predilection (83%) and from a culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background (64%). Findings of the linear mixed effects model showed significant within and between group differences in the ESDM subscales, indicating higher magnitude of changes in the verbal group compared to the minimally verbal group. Finally, the multiple linear regression models suggested that baseline MSEL visual reception and expressive language scores were predictive of changes in the ESDM receptive and expressive communication scores. Understanding a child's baseline skill levels may provide valuable clues regarding what interventions would work best, or which interventions may be less suitable for individual preschool-aged children with ASD.