2D Platform Game Research Articles

Pengembangan Game 2D Platformer Berbasis Microbit Menggunakan Unity

This research aims to develop a 2D platformer game using the Microbit platform and Unity as the development tools. The Microbit serves as the controller with various sensors and computational capabilities. The development process starts with designing the game concept, including level design, characters, and mechanics. Unity is used to create levels, game logic, and connect the Microbit to the game. Users can control the character through the sensors and buttons on the Microbit. Testing involves participants to measure the game's quality and effectiveness and gather feedback. The collected data is used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the game and make iterations to enhance the gaming experience. As a result, the researchers have created a game that can be controlled via Microbit, enriching the gaming experience.

Developing the Console Dash: a 2D Adventure Game using Godot Game Engine

A 2D platformer game, console dash is a game that tells the story of Dax, a curious game character, jumping out of his console to go on an adventure. He goes through difficult levels, collects objects and meets new friends. They form a team and fight a villain named Glitch. The aim of this research is to design a 2D Console Dash platformer game with an adventure genre that is interesting and also quite difficult to complete. This application was created using the Godot game engine with the GDScript programming language. The method used in this final assignment uses the MDLC model software development method, and uses the SWOT method for system weakness analysis. The final result of this project is a 2D platformer game that plays smoothly and provides an enjoyable gaming experience. Console Dash offers attractive graphics, music and sound effects that liven up the atmosphere of the game, as well as challenging levels to explore. Moreover, this game has an intuitive interface and responsive controls.

Generative AI Processes for 2D Platformer Game Character Design and Animation

AI has the potential to revolutionize the time-consuming and technically complex process of 2D animation production. This paper specifically focuses on creating 2D character animations for platformer games using AI. While AI has made significant contributions to video animations, its application in 2D gaming animation is largely unexplored. Existing AI applications for animation mostly target video animations and lack effective control over randomness. Therefore, this paper explores the role of generative AI in 2D gaming animation, from character design to full animation. Software tools like ChatGPT, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and Unity are used to streamline the production process. The research aims to investigate the feasibility and potential of generative AI, with a focus on controlling randomness. By leveraging the unique features of each software, the study aims to enhance the production of 2D game animations. The final output will be an animated character in the Idle state, showcasing the potential of generative AI in 2D gaming animation.

Desain 2D Game Platform Petualangan Gajah Berbasis Android

Game is one of the activities carried out by some people to seek entertainment and fun as a reliever of boredom. Over time, the development of information and communication technology is currently growing very rapidly in various fields, one of which is the development of games. Games are not only used as entertainment, but games can also be used as learning media, business fields, and as sports. This game has several genres, namely, First Person Shooter, Fighting Game, Racing Game, Role Play Game, Multiplayer, Adventure, Simulation, Strategy, and Platform. This study aims to produce an Android-Based 2D Platform Game Design for Adventure of The Elephant. The results of this study make a game that is quite challenging and trains patience for those who play it. In its manufacture, the right system development method is needed, so that the game that will be built is as desired. The researcher uses the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) system development method. The results of the game feasibility test using the ISO 25010 testing method on the functional suitability aspect of 100%, on the usability aspect of 90.34%, and on the portability aspect of 100%..

DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF PLAYER ENGAGEMENT IN A COMPUTER GAME WITH ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL CAMPAIGN USING COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TECHNIQUES

Due to the popularity of video games in various applications, including both commercial and social marketing, there is a need to assess their content in terms of player satisfaction, already at the production stage. For this purpose, the indices used in EEG tests can be used. In this publication, a formula has been created based on the player's commitment to determining which elements in the game should be improved and for which graphic emblems connected with social campaigns were more memorable and whether this was related to commitment. The survey was conducted using a 2D platform game created in Unity based on observations of 28 recipients. To evaluate the elements occurring in the game at which we obtain a higher memory for graphic characters, a corresponding pattern was created based on player involvement. The optimal Index for moving and static objects and the Index for destruction were then selected based on the feedback. Referring to the issue of graphic emblems depicting social campaigns should be placed in a place where other activities such as fighting will not be distracted, everyone will be able to reach the level where the recently placed advertisement is. This study present the developed method to determine the degree of player's engagement in particular elements in the game using the EEG and to explore the relationship between the visibility of social advertising and engagement in a 2D platform game where the player has to collect three keys and defeat the ultimate opponent.

Characterizing player responses to surprising events in 2D platform games

This paper presents an analysis of how players perceive and react to surprising events in a 2D platform game, Spelunky. We present the results of a 34-participant study that focuses on investigating players’ emotional responses to generated events in the game that are designed to evoke a specific emotional response (surprise) from players. Facial recordings, player responses, electrodermal activity (EDA), and interbeat interval (IBI) recordings are correlated to explain the divergence in the perception of surprise across different players. We found that many of the self-reported surprising events did not elicit any physical response from players, and EDA and IBI recordings collected using Empatica E4 could detect only 56% of reactions. However, data aggregated from chosen sources was able to capture 82% of all self-reported surprising events advocating the case of an automatic surprising detection framework for video games. We propose a framework for categorizing surprising events into three distinct categories and show that surprise can have varied responses from a player based on prior gaming experience, which had a negative correlation with the number of perceived surprises. Additionally, we provide suggestions on how to extend the existing theory of surprise in games toward automated game design.

PENGEMBANGAN GAME 2D PLATFORMER “VIRUS MUST DIE” BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN UNITY

The development of an Android-based 2d platformer game with elements of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on certain objects makes users get entertainment. However, with the addition of educational elements simultaneously when playing games, it will directly increase user knowledge. The purpose of this study is to present games in the form of education about mathematics to users. The methods used include literature study, observation, and experiment. The software development method uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with a waterfall development approach. The software used in making this game is unity version 2020.3.1f1 Long Term Support (LTS). Testing using black box testing with good results. Based on the results of the questionnaire, this game is said to be suitable for use with a percentage value of 82.4%.

Math Adventures with Tuffy: A 2D Game to Aid in Learning Mathematics

Abstract: Games have always played a significant role in a student’s life. With the fast paced technological development and the virtualization of learning environments, the need for bridging the gap between learning and gaming has never been higher. Studies have shown that integrating games into academics have shown significant improvement in the students’ engagement and are motivated to perform well. The aim of this study is to develop a 2D platform game to support learning of mathematics at elementary level. Various academic aspects are integrated into in order to set a learning environment using game mechanics. Building on the pre-existing ideologies on games for learning while basing it on Educational requirements and enhancing the gaming experience. This makes the learning experience engaging and fun all the while focusing on the learning experience, and when education is related with fun the positive aspects of gaming would be reflected on academics as well. The study focuses on game development and how various concepts for gamification are implemented and integrated to it. Understanding the relationship between education and gaming leads to compelling Academic solutions. This could revolutionize the field of Education and how it is imparted. Keywords: Gamification, learning environment, educational tool, development, math game.

RRT-Based Game Level Analysis, Visualization, and Visual Refinement

Automating parts of game creation benefits both professional and amateur game designers and much previous work has already made progress on this front. In this paper we tackle automating level design. We describe a general graph-based representation for game levels and present a preliminary system that leverages this representation. Our system automatically explores existing levels of a 2D platform game using the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm and constructs a compact graph representation from this exploration. Our system can also modify a graph representation on-the-fly to reflect user-directed changes to the existing level structure. This work constitutes an initial step toward the larger goal of automating level design in a general way.

A dynamic balanced level generator for video games based on deep convolutional generative adversarial networks

In the gaming industry, creating well-balanced games is one of the major challenges developers are currently facing. Balance in games has different meanings depending on the game type. But, most of the existing definitions are esteemed from the flow theory. Flow theory in video games is stating that the level of challenge existing in the game must be neither too easy nor too difficult for the player. Games that are not balanced will have a high churn rate and will suffer in terms of monetization. Hence, nowadays a trending research area is focused on establishing mechanisms to create automatic balance in an algorithmic way. In this research, we have used generative adversarial networks (GANs) to automatically create balanced levels. In the proposed work, a level of a 2D platformer game is fed to the network. Finally, the network automatically generates new balanced levels and the levels are checked to see if they have the game’s minimum necessary requirements and also to check if they can be solved by the reinforcement learning agent. In the series of performed evaluations, it is shown that after the training process, the proposed approach is capable of generating levels that are well-balanced with considerable accuracy.

PEMBUATAN GAME PLATFORMER “INTERVAL” DENGAN FITUR AUTO JUMPING

Interval is a 2D platformer game made using the Unity game engine. The game tells the story of a treasure hunter finding a ruin that no one else has ever explored. Interval has a game mechanic called auto jumping. Auto jumping makes the player can’t control the character jumping ability. The game controls the timing when the character jumps in a certain interval. The time interval is determined by the game. Game testing is done by using the blackbox method, alpha testing and beta testing. The test results show that the game has features that are rarely found in other games, moderate difficulty level, and replayability.

Culturally Significant Presence in Single-player Computer Games

Cultural presence is a term used to explain and evaluate cultural learning in virtual heritage projects but is less frequently used for video games. Given the increasing importance of video games to cultural heritage, this article investigates explanations of cultural presence that could be communicated by games, especially concerning UNESCO and ICOMOS definitions of cultural significance. The aim is to determine if cultural presence can be communicated via video games and across a range of game genres. Observations derived from game prototyping workshops for history and heritage aided the development of a teachable list of desirable game elements. To distinguish itself from the vagueness surrounding theories of cultural presence, a theory of culturally significant presence is proposed. Culturally significant presence requires three components: culturally significant artifacts and practices; an overarching framework of a singular, identifiable cultural viewpoint; and awareness by the participant of both the culturally significant and the overarching cultural framework and perspective (which gives sites, artifacts, and practices their cultural significance and relational value). As awareness of cultural presence requires time for reflection, single-player games were chosen that were not completely dependent on time-based challenges. Another criterion was cultural heritage content: They must simulate aspects of heritage and history, communicate a specific cultural framework, or explore and reconstruct a past culture. Four games were chosen that simulate a culture, explain archaeological methods, portray indigenous intangible heritage, or explain historical-based ecosystems of the past based on educational guidelines. The games are Assassin's Creed: Origins ; Heaven's Vault ; Never Alone ; and a Ph.D. project: Saxon . Their genres could be described as first-person shooter/open world/virtual tour; dialogue-based puzzle game; 2D platform game; and turn-based strategy game. The aim is not to evaluate the entire range of interactive virtual environments and games, but to examine the applicability and relevance of this new theory and to ascertain whether the four games provided useful feedback on the concept and usefulness of culturally significant presence. A more clearly demarcated theory may not only help focus evaluation studies but also encourage game developers to modify or allow modification of commercial games for classroom teaching of digital heritage.

Artificial Intelligence Based Game Levelling

The game development process is becoming a more detailed structure every day. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI), which is a comprehensive information technology, have been closely related to game technologies. In this study, the levelling process of a 2-dimensional (2D) platform game was investigated. The game developed and called “Renga” has a basic gameplay. Game data has been processed through an artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbour, decision and random tree algorithms and deep learning model that is trained with gameplay and user information. The classification process with the output data provides results for the next game level. In this way, the most effective playability impression that the developers offer to the game users has been created according to game. Furthermore, the variety of difficulty calculated with dynamic data by the user is provided by Renga, in which new sections/levels are created with user-specific assets. Thus, the most efficient gaming experience has been transferred to the users.

Difficulty Adjustment Using Player's Performance and Electroencephalographic Data

For high skilled players, an easy game might become boring and for low skilled players, a difficult game might become frustrating. The purpose of this research was to create new and better ways to offer players with different skills, an appropriate experience. We focused on adapting the difficulty levels of a simple 2D platform game, designing and building levels automatically. The proposed method consists of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) and Rhythm-Group Theory (a procedural content generation method), combined with levels of attention obtained from Electroencephalographic (EEG) data. Experiments were designed in the way that players had to clear five different levels that were created automatically using the player's performance and EEG data obtained from a biosensor while playing. Results showed that the method successfully adapts the level difficulty according to the player's status. In addition, the designed method calculates difficulty using values computed in real time to decide the shape and structure of the levels. The method designed in this research can be implemented not only in platformers but also in other genres that involve elements of rhythm, additionally, it could be used by game developers as a tool for playtesting in order to improve the game design, receive quantitative and numerical feedback from players and create an overall better experience for their players.

Sugeno Fuzzy for Non-Playable Character Behaviors in a 2D Platformer Game

One aspect for a platformer game to be challenging to play is the NPC (Non Playable Character). An NPC is often placed as an obstacle for player to finish at each level. However, an effort must be done to create a behavior of an NPC to be challenging enough and not monotonous. Creating random behavior is one way. But the problem with this approach is a less interactive NPC behavior because of its inability to respond from the game state accordingly. In this paper, we propose an implementation of Sugeno Fuzzy to create behaviors for the NPCs. This methodology takes player’s state and NPC’s state to determine what action will be done. The inputs are player to NPC distance, NPC’s health and player’s weapon ammunition. The outputs are retreat, defense and attack. We applied this methodology in an educational game about Rubela virus vaccination “Healthy Hero” for its boss enemies. Evaluation shows that by applying Sugeno Fuzzy, the NPC behavior can responds to player’s state and its own state. The real-time execution resulted in 100% correct behavior according to the predefined rules, therefore increasing the behavior interactivity for the NPC.

Polymorph: A Model for Dynamic Level Generation

Players begin games at different skill levels and develop their skill at different rates—so that even the best-designed games are uninterestingly easy for some players and frustratingly difficult for others. A proposed answer to this challenge is Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA), a general category of approaches that alter games during play, in response to player performance. However, nearly all these techniques are focused on basic parameter tweaking, while the difficulty of many games is connected to aspects that are more challenging to adjust dynamically, such as level design. Further, most DDA techniques are based on designer intuition, which may not reflect actual play patterns. Responding to these challenges, we have created Polymorph, which employs techniques from level generation and machine learning to understand level difficulty and player skill, dynamically constructing levels for a 2D platformer game with continually-appropriate challenge. We present the results of the user study on which Polymorph's model of level difficulty is based, as well as a discussion of the unique features of the model. We believe Polymorph creates a play experience that is unique because the changes are both personalized and structural, while also providing an example of a new application of machine learning to aid game design.

Automatic prototyping in model-driven game development

Model-driven game development (MDGD) is an emerging paradigm where models become first-order elements in game development, maintenance, and evolution. In this article, we present a first approach to 2D platform game prototyping automatization through the use of model-driven engineering (MDE). Platform-independent models (PIM) define the structure and the behavior of the games and a platform-specific model (PSM) describes the game control mapping. Automatic MOFscript transformations from these models generate the software prototype code in C++. As an example, Bubble Bobble has been prototyped in a few hours following the MDGD approach. The resulting code generation represents 93% of the game prototype.

I HEART LocoRoco – a reading of a gameplay experience

In the diverse landscape of modern gaming it is rare to find specific games that are universally described in affectionate terms. Allegiances to form and genre identify the various tribes and often the divide between gaming sub-cultures runs deep. Passionate players pride themselves both by the longevity of their status and via signifiers of skill acquired. These traits typify what has become known as the “hardcore” player; in popular gaming culture the hardcore is often positioned contra the “casual” player with hours and type of game played as the main criteria for qualification. However these terms are ludicrous at best and fall short in describing the multitude of people who play digital games. The following is focussed on one particular Sony PSP game franchise that has received widespread critical acclaim, LocoRoco. This is a 2D platform game initially released in Europe in Summer 2006 and although it has not gone platinum this title got to No 5 in the UK Charts and has won 2 BAFTA’s for character design and children’s game in 2006. LocoRoco 2 was released in the U.K. in November 2008. Sony’s Tsutomu Kouno, the Director of LocoRoco, has stated that one of his design intentions was to make a game that appealed to those who didn’t normally play games (Kouno, 2006). This statement is key in my selection of this game. As a hugely lucrative yet nascent industry, it is of interest to study the ways in which commercial developers attempt to attract new players to part with their hard-earnt entertainment dollar. My investigation looks to explicate game design decisions that entice a player into dialogue with the ongoing game experience. I will look at issues including pleasure and seduction within the action and reward cycle inherent to gameplay.