2D Platform Research Articles

Fast screening of Milk for Deoxynivalenol

A 2D platform was designed and validated for fast screening of milk for deoxynivalenol. The qualitative and quantitative assay of deoxynivalenol in the milk samples was done using a 2D stochastic sensor based on single walled carbon nanotubes modified with [N-(pyridine-4-yl-methyl)]octadec-9-enamide. The working concentration range was between 10−15 and 10−6 g mL−1, with a sensitivity of 5.48 × 105 s−1g−1mL, and a limit of determination of 1 fg mL−1. Recovery values higher than 99.00 % with RSD values lower than 1.00 % were recorded for the determination of deoxynivalenol in cow's and in the vegetarian (coconut milk, soy milk, almond milk) milk.

Ultrahigh Néel Temperature Antiferromagnetism and Ultrafast Laser-Controlled Demagnetization in a Dirac Nodal Line MoB3 Monolayer.

Two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials boasting a high Néel temperature (TN), high carrier mobility, and fast spin response under an external field are in great demand for efficient spintronics. Herein, we theoretically present the MoB3 monolayer as an ideal 2D platform for AFM spintronics. The AFM MoB3 monolayer features a symmetry-protected, 4-fold degenerate Dirac nodal line (DNL) at the Fermi level. It demonstrates a high magnetic anisotropy energy of 865 μeV/Mo and an ultrahigh TN of 1050 K, one of the highest recorded for 2D AFMs. Importantly, we reveal the ultrafast demagnetization of AFM MoB3 under laser irradiation, which induces a rapid transition from a DNL semimetallic state to a metallic state on the time scale of hundreds of femtoseconds. This work presents an effective method for designing advanced spintronics using 2D high-temperature DNL semimetals and opens up a new idea for ultrafast modulation of magnetization in topological semimetals.

Application of Proteomics Technology Based on LC-MS Combined with Western Blotting and Co-IP in Antiviral Innate Immunity.

As an interferon-stimulating factor protein, STING plays a role in the response and downstream liaison in antiviral natural immunity. Upon viral invasion, the immediate response of STING protein leads to a series of changes in downstream proteins, which ultimately leads to an antiviral immune response in the form of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, thus triggering an innate immune response, an adaptive immune response in vivo, and long-term protection of the host. In the field of antiviral natural immunity, it is particularly important to rigorously and sequentially probe the dynamic changes in the antiviral natural immunity connector protein STING caused by the entire anti-inflammatory and anti-pathway mechanism and the differences in upstream and downstream proteins. Traditionally, proteomics technology has been validated by detecting proteins in a 2D platform, for which it is difficult to sensitively identify changes in the nature and abundance of target proteins. With the development of mass spectrometry (MS) technology, MS-based proteomics has made important contributions to characterizing the dynamic changes in the natural immune proteome induced by viral infections. MS analytical techniques have several advantages, such as high throughput, rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, and automation. The most common techniques for detecting complex proteomes are liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), which combines the physical separation capability of LC and the mass analysis capability of MS, is a powerful technique mainly used for analyzing the proteome of cells, tissues, and body fluids. To explore the combination of traditional proteomics techniques such as Western blotting, Co-IP (co-Immunoprecipitation), and the latest LC-MS methods to probe the anti-inflammatory pathway and the differential changes in upstream and downstream proteins induced by the antiviral natural immune junction protein STING.

Tracer-based metabolomics for profiling nitric oxide metabolites in a 3D microvessels-on-chip model.

Endothelial dysfunction, prevalent in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and linked to conditions like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, renal failure, or hypercholesterolemia, is characterized by diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability-a key signaling molecule for vascular homeostasis. Current two-dimensional (2D) invitro studies on NO synthesis by endothelial cells (ECs) lack the crucial laminar shear stress, a vital factor in modulating the NO-generating enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), under physiological conditions. Here we developed a tracer-based metabolomics approach to measure NO-specific metabolites with mass spectrometry (MS) and show the impact of fluid flow on metabolic parameters associated with NO synthesis using 2D and 3D platforms. Specifically, we tracked the conversion of stable-isotope labeled NO substrate L-Arginine to L-Citrulline and L-Ornithine to determine eNOS activity. We demonstrated clear responses in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) cultured with 13C6, 15N4-L-Arginine, and treated with eNOS stimulator, eNOS inhibitor, and arginase inhibitor. Analysis of downstream metabolites, 13C6, 15N3 L-Citrulline and 13C5, 15N2 L-Ornithine, revealed distinct outcomes. Additionally, we evaluated the NO metabolic status in static 2D culture and 3D microvessel models with bidirectional and unidirectional fluid flow. Our 3D model exhibited significant effects, particularly in microvessels exposed to the eNOS stimulator, as indicated by the 13C6, 15N3 L-Citrulline/13C5, 15N2 L-Ornithine ratio, compared to the 2D culture. The obtained results indicate that the 2D static culture mimics an endothelial dysfunction status, while the 3D model with a unidirectional fluid flow provides a more representative physiological environment that provides a better model to study endothelial dysfunction.

Accuracy of dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery in fully edentulous patients: An in vitro study

ObjectivesTo compare miniscrew versus bone tracing registration methods on dental implant placement accuracy and time efficiency in edentulous jaws using a dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (d-CAIS) system. MethodsTwelve fully edentulous maxillary models were allocated into two groups: miniscrew tracing (MST) group, where registration was performed by tracing four miniscrews; and bone tracing (BT) group, where registration was conducted by tracing maxillary bone fiducial landmarks. Six implants were placed on each model using the X-Guide® d-CAIS system. Pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were superimposed to evaluate implant placement accuracy. The time required for registration and the overall surgery time were also recorded. ResultsThirty-six implants were placed in each group. The MST group showed significantly lower mean angulation deviations (mean difference (MD): -3.33°; 95 % confidence interval (CI): -6.56 to -0.09); p = 0.044), 3D platform deviations (MD: -1.01 mm; 95 % CI: -1.74 to -0.29; p = 0.006), 2D platform deviations (MD: -0.97 mm; 95 % CI: -1.71 to -0.23; p = 0.010), and 3D apex deviations (MD: -1.18 mm; 95 % CI: -1.92 to -0.44; p = 0.002) versus the BT group. The overall surgery time was similar for both groups (MD: 6.10 min.; 95 % CI: -0.31 to 12.51; p = 0.06), though bone tracing required significantly more time compared with miniscrew registration (MD: 4.79 min.; 95 % CI: 2.96 to 6.62; p < 0.05). ConclusionsRegistration with MST increases the accuracy of implant placement with a d-CAIS system in edentulous jaws compared with the BT method, and slightly reduces the overall surgery time. Clinical significanceMiniscrew tracing registration improves implant placement accuracy in comparison with bone tracing registration.

An Efficient Approach for Localizing Sensor Nodes in 2D Wireless Sensor Networks Using Whale Optimization-Based Naked Mole Rat Algorithm

Localization has emerged as an important and critical component of research in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSN is a network of numerous sensors distributed across broad areas of the world to conduct numerous activities, including sensing the data and transferring it to various devices. Most applications, like animal tracking, object monitoring, and innumerable resources put in the interior as well as outdoor locations, need to identify the position of the occurring incident. The primary objective of localization is to identify the locality of sensor nodes installed in a network so that the location of a particular event can be traced. Different optimization approaches are observed in the work for solving the localization challenge in WSN and assigning the apt positions to undiscovered sensor nodes. This research employs the approach of localizing sensor nodes in a 2D platform utilizing an exclusive static anchor node and virtual anchors to detect dynamic target nodes by projecting these six virtual anchors hexagonally at different orientations and then optimizing the estimated target node co-ordinates employing Whale Optimization-based Naked Mole Rat Algorithm (WONMRA). Moreover, the effectiveness of a variety of optimization strategies employed for localization is compared to the WONMRA strategy concerning localization error and the number of nodes being localized, and it has been investigated that the average error in localization is 0.1999 according to WONMRA and is less than all other optimization techniques.

Exploratory testing for platform video games: strategies and lessons learned

With the growth of the digital games market, the occurrence of bugs in games has a significant impact and generates dissatisfaction among users. Therefore, conducting tests is necessary to avoid these events and ensure the quality of the distributed product. Among the tests that are performed in games, one that is particularly effective in identifying bugs from the user's perspective is exploratory testing, but this is little covered in game testing literature, not providing new testers with guides or paths to be used for specific occasions. This paper reports an experience of applying exploratory testing strategies in 2D and 3D platform games. We selected seven well-known strategies of exploratory testing and conducted a study that involved the definition of a game testing procedure and proper adaptations for the games under test. By applying the game testing procedure, several bugs with low, medium and high severity were uncovered. The lessons learned and routines carried out in this study can be used by new testers in games of the same category, in an attempt to obtain better results.

Research on three-dimensional dynamic design and decision system of airport

Abstract Due to the lack of elevation information, the traditional airport design system based on the AutoCAD 2D platform is often unable to make a comprehensive and objective analysis and judgment when the designer evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the design scheme. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of airport 3D dynamic design and decision systems based on the Cesium framework. Firstly, based on the 3D geographic information platform, a multi-type 3D digital map loading and display module will be developed to realize the combination of 3D geographic information and the airfield model. Then, according to the 3D model data and the characteristics of the platform development, the method of calculating the earth volume of clearance processing, the evaluation algorithm of airport clearance obstacle limit surface, the optimization analysis method of tower position, and the analysis method of navigation station and flight track visibility are constructed.

3D cell cultures exhibit increased drug resistance, particularly to taxanes.

e12599 Background: Cell culture platforms could be categorized into two main types: 2D and 3D. 3D cell cultures, known for mimicking the physiological cellular environment, are commonly preferred by researchers to assess drug responses as they accurately reproduce aspects of the in vivo cell behavior. We hypothesized that dose-response curves of 2D and 3D platforms may be drug dependent, with some being more sensitive or resistant depending on the platform. Methods: MCF-7 cancer cells were cultured and plated using a 2D flat bottom well plate platform or using a matrix-based and a matrix-free 3D platform. Cells were treated with chemotherapies and targeted therapies for four days and cellular sensitivity was assessed through a viability assay. Four-parameter logistic (4PL) dose response curves were generated and IC50 values (µM/Cmax) were quantified to understand the differences in dose response curves between the 2D and 3D cellular platforms. Results: While the dose-response curves generally correlate between 2D vs. 3D matrix-based (r2=0.82, p&lt;0.001) and 2D vs. 3D matrix-free methods (r2=0.78, p&lt;0.001), noteworthy variations were observed for certain drugs, particularly paclitaxel (2D IC50= 66; 3D matrix-based IC50 = ≥100; 3D matrix-free IC50 = ≥100) and docetaxel (2D IC50 = ≥34; 3D matrix-based IC50 = ≥100; 3D matrix-free IC50 = ≥100). Additionally, a general increase in resistance was evident when cells formed 3D structures compared to the 2D monolayer condition, as indicated by regression analysis (Y-intercept = 0.55, CI95% 0.32 to 0.78; slope = 0.47, CI95% 0.20 to 0.75). Conclusions: Our findings reveal that taxanes such as paclitaxel and docetaxel exhibit distinctive resistance patterns in 3D structures. In addition, a substantial increase in cellular resistance is observed in 3D cellular models when compared to the 2D assay for most drugs. Despite the overall correlation, these drug-specific differences should be considered. Thus, the next generation of an extreme drug resistance assay, aimed at enhancing the quality of life for patients by avoiding ineffective therapies, might preferentially employ a 3D platform to tailor patients’ cancer therapies.

Videogame training increases clinical well-being, attention and hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia

Recent research shows that videogame training enhances neuronal plasticity and cognitive improvements in healthy individuals. As patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced neuronal plasticity linked to cognitive deficits and symptoms, we investigated whether videogame-related cognitive improvements and plasticity changes extend to this population. In a training study, patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls were randomly assigned to 3D or 2D platformer videogame training or E-book reading (active control) for 8 weeks, 30 min daily. After training, both videogame conditions showed significant increases in sustained attention compared to the control condition, correlated with increased functional connectivity in a hippocampal-prefrontal network. Notably, patients trained with videogames mostly improved in negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and perceived mental health recovery. Videogames, incorporating initiative, goal setting and gratification, offer a training approach closer to real life than current psychiatric treatments. Our results provide initial evidence that they may represent a possible adjunct therapeutic intervention for complex mental disorders.

Manipulating Stem Cell Fate with Disordered Bioactive Cues on Surfaces: The Role of Bioactive Ligand Selection.

The development of 2D or 3D bioactive platforms for rapidly isolating pure populations of cells from adult stem cells holds promise for advancing the understanding of cellular mechanisms, drug testing, and tissue engineering. Over the years, methods have emerged to synthesize bioactive micro- and nanostructured 2D materials capable of directing stem cell fate. We introduce a novel method for randomly micro- or nanopatterning any protein/peptide onto both 2D and 3D scaffolds via spray technology. Our goal is to investigate the impact of arranging bioactive micropatterns (ordered vs disordered) on surfaces to guide human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation. The spray technology efficiently coats materials with controlled, cost-effective bioactive micropatterns in various sizes and shapes. BMP-2 mimetic peptides were covalently grafted, individually or in combination with RGD peptides, onto activated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces through a spraying process, incorporating nano/microscale parameters like size, shape, and composition. The study explores different peptide distributions on surfaces and various peptide combinations. Four surfaces were homogeneously functionalized with these peptides (M1 to M4 with various densities of peptides), and six surfaces with disordered micro- and nanopatterns of peptides (S0 to S5 with different sizes of peptide patterns) were synthesized. Fluorescence microscopy assessed peptide distribution, followed by hMSC culture for 2 weeks, and evaluated osteogenic differentiation via immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR for osteoblast and osteocyte markers. Cells on uniformly peptide-functionalized surfaces exhibited cuboidal forms, while those on surfaces with disordered patterns tended toward columnar or cuboidal shapes. Surfaces S4 and S5 showed dendrite-like formations resembling an osteocyte morphology. S5 showed significant overexpression of osteoblast (OPN) and osteocyte markers (E11, DMP1, and SOST) compared to control surfaces and other micropatterned surfaces. Notably, despite sharing an equivalent quantity of peptides with a homogeneous functionalized surface, S5 displayed a distinct distribution of peptides, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.

Digital Educational Game "O Jardim do Ferro": A Tool for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Childhood.

Objective: To create and evaluate a digital educational game (DEG) for preschool children for the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Methodology: The DEG software was developed by a multidisciplinary team, according to Chandler's methodology, in Engine Unity. The game is a 2D platformer, for Android, with three different phases. A quiz was developed for parents/caregivers about iron absorption and anemia. The quiz content was evaluated by experts. The evaluation of the game was carried out through a questionnaire applied in the school for children from 4 to 6 years of age. Results: For the construction of the game, programming, team planning, art, and soundtrack were necessary. The game was registered at the National Institute of Industrial Property. The quiz was evaluated by 14 experts and all questions had more than 80% agreement. The questionnaire was answered by 32 children with a mean age of 5.0 ± 0.7 years, and ∼70% evaluated the game positively. Thus, the acceptability of the software was favored by most players. Conclusion: The "O Jardim do Ferro" software, from its conception to evaluation, proved to be a promising tool to contribute to food and nutrition education actions, providing opportunities for the construction of knowledge about iron-rich foods for the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in childhood.

Pengembangan Game 2D Platformer Berbasis Microbit Menggunakan Unity

This research aims to develop a 2D platformer game using the Microbit platform and Unity as the development tools. The Microbit serves as the controller with various sensors and computational capabilities. The development process starts with designing the game concept, including level design, characters, and mechanics. Unity is used to create levels, game logic, and connect the Microbit to the game. Users can control the character through the sensors and buttons on the Microbit. Testing involves participants to measure the game's quality and effectiveness and gather feedback. The collected data is used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the game and make iterations to enhance the gaming experience. As a result, the researchers have created a game that can be controlled via Microbit, enriching the gaming experience.

Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.

Detection of Hypoxia in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Systems Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Hypoxia Sensors.

In vivo oxygen availability varies widely between cellular microenvironments, depending on the tissue of origin and its cellular niche. It has long been known that too high or too low oxygen concentrations can act as a biological stressor. Thus, the precise control of oxygen availability should be a consideration for cell culture optimization, especially in the field of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. In this chapter, we describe a system for visualizing oxygen limitations at a cellular level using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) that were genetically modified to express a fluorescent hypoxia sensor. This sensor can detect the activation of hypoxia-induced factors (HIF) transcription factors that lead to the expression of the oxygen-independent fluorescent protein, UnaG, at low oxygen concentrations. The response of these hypoxia reporter cells can be evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cultivation platforms during exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (21% O2) using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that hypoxia reporter MSCs exhibit a hypoxia-induced fluorescence signal in both 2D and 3D cultivation platforms with fast decay kinetics after reoxygenation, rendering it a valuable tool for studying the cellular microenvironment and regenerative potential of hAD-MSCs in an in vivo-like setting.

Developing the Console Dash: a 2D Adventure Game using Godot Game Engine

A 2D platformer game, console dash is a game that tells the story of Dax, a curious game character, jumping out of his console to go on an adventure. He goes through difficult levels, collects objects and meets new friends. They form a team and fight a villain named Glitch. The aim of this research is to design a 2D Console Dash platformer game with an adventure genre that is interesting and also quite difficult to complete. This application was created using the Godot game engine with the GDScript programming language. The method used in this final assignment uses the MDLC model software development method, and uses the SWOT method for system weakness analysis. The final result of this project is a 2D platformer game that plays smoothly and provides an enjoyable gaming experience. Console Dash offers attractive graphics, music and sound effects that liven up the atmosphere of the game, as well as challenging levels to explore. Moreover, this game has an intuitive interface and responsive controls.

Potential scalable fabrication of high-performance photothermal fabric via chemical dyeing for solar-powered brine distillation

Here, a one-pot chemical dyeing method, based on the grafting modification of commercial cotton fabric with pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde via hydroxyl–aldehyde acetalization and pyrrole-aldehyde condensation, was designed to prepare a robust high-performance photothermal fabric. The prepared photothermal fabric not only maintained the hierarchical porous texture and excellent water wicking capacity of cotton fabric, but also exhibited high sunlight absorption and strong tolerance to harsh conditions, hand-laundering, and high-power ultrasonication. These outstanding properties endowed it with an ultrahigh water evaporation rate (1.74 kg∙m−2∙h−1) on a 2D platform under 1-sun irradiation, overcoming the planar evaporator upper limit (1.47 kg∙m−2∙h−1). Furthermore, a self-floating and self-rotating cylindrical 3D evaporator assembled using the above fabric achieved stable, high evaporation rates averaged at 2.08, 2.03, and 1.67 kg∙m−2∙h−1 from long-time evaporation tests under 1-sun irradiation with NaCl solutions of 3.5, 10, and 25 wt%, respectively. In addition, water yields at 7.51 and 5.42 kg∙m−2 were obtained from 6-h outdoor tests with 3.5 and 25-wt% NaCl solutions, respectively, demonstrating excellent applicability to brine desalination under natural sunlight (0.21–0.848 kW∙m−2). This study provided a scalable route to develop high-performance photothermal materials, which hopefully promotes the practical application of interfacial solar evaporation to seawater desalination and industrial brine minimization.

Generative AI Processes for 2D Platformer Game Character Design and Animation

AI has the potential to revolutionize the time-consuming and technically complex process of 2D animation production. This paper specifically focuses on creating 2D character animations for platformer games using AI. While AI has made significant contributions to video animations, its application in 2D gaming animation is largely unexplored. Existing AI applications for animation mostly target video animations and lack effective control over randomness. Therefore, this paper explores the role of generative AI in 2D gaming animation, from character design to full animation. Software tools like ChatGPT, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and Unity are used to streamline the production process. The research aims to investigate the feasibility and potential of generative AI, with a focus on controlling randomness. By leveraging the unique features of each software, the study aims to enhance the production of 2D game animations. The final output will be an animated character in the Idle state, showcasing the potential of generative AI in 2D gaming animation.

Thick Does the Trick: Genesis of Ferroelectricity in 2D GeTe-Rich (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )n Lamellae.

The possibility to engineer (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )n phase-change materials to co-host ferroelectricity is extremely attractive. The combination of these functionalities holds great technological impact, potentially enabling the design of novel multifunctional devices. Here an experimental and theoretical study of epitaxial (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )n with GeTe-rich composition is presented. These layered films feature a tunable distribution of (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )1 blocks of different sizes. Breakthrough evidence of ferroelectric displacement in thick (GeTe)m (Sb2 Te3 )1 lamellae is provided. The density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of a tilted (GeTe)m slab sandwiched in GeTe-rich blocks. That is, the net ferroelectric polarization is confined almost in-plane, representing an unprecedented case between 2D and bulk ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric behavior is confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy and electroresistive measurements. The resilience of the quasi van der Waals character of the films, regardless of their composition, is also demonstrated. Hence, the material developed hereby gathers in a unique 2D platform the phase-change and ferroelectric switching properties, paving the way for the conception of innovative devicearchitectures.

Isomeric Dual-Pore Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity have been increasingly recognized as promising materials in various fields. Besides, the 2D COFs with kagome (kgm) topology can exhibit unique optoelectronic features and have extensive applications. However, rational synthesis of the COFs with kgm topology remains challenging because of competition with a square-lattice topology. Herein, we report two isomeric dual-pore 2D COFs with kgm topology using a novel geometric strategy to reduce the symmetry of their building blocks, which are four-armed naphthalene-based and azulene-based isomeric monomers. Owing to the large dipole moment of azulene, as-prepared azulene-based COF (COF-Az) possesses a considerably narrow band gap of down to 1.37 eV, which is much narrower than the naphthalene-based 2D COF (COF-Nap: 2.28 eV) and is the lowest band gap among reported imine-linked dual-pore 2D COFs. Moreover, COF-Az was used as electrode material in a gas sensor and exhibits high selectivity for NO2, including a high response rate (58.7%) to NO2 (10 ppm), fast recovery (72 s), up to 10 weeks of stability, and resistance to 80% relative humidity, which are superior to those of reported COF-based NO2 gas sensors. The calculation and in situ experimental results indicate that the large dipole moment of azulene boosts the sensitivity of the imine linkages. The usage of isomeric building blocks not only enables the synthesis of 2D COFs with isometric kgm topology but also provides an azulene-based 2D platform for studying the structure-property correlations of COFs.