10th Day Research Articles

Determination of prothrombin time by the Ovren method in recipients after liver transplantation from a donor diagnosed with brain death

Objective. To evaluate a new method for diagnosing the state of the hemostatic system in patients with hepatobiliary pathology who underwent liver transplantation from a donor diagnosed with brain death. Materials and Methods. A pilot prospective study was conducted involving 10 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies who underwent liver transplantation from a donor diagnosed with brain death. Laboratory parameters of liver function were analyzed perioperatively, during the first 5 days, on the 10th and 14th day after surgery and before discharge or death. The correlation of the prothrombin time by Ovren with the prothrombin time by Quick and with the international normalization ratio was determined using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Values of p ˂0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The mean number of points on the scale for assessing the severity of liver failure (MELD) before surgery was 27.7 ± 6 (minimum – 15, maximum – 36), which corresponded to severe class C liver failure. The correlation between the value of prothrombin time according to Quick and according to Ovren, as well as between the values of the international normalized ratio and prothrombin time according to Ovren was statistically significantly negative: rs = –0.85315, p (two–sided test) = 0.00042 and rs = –0.90527, p (two–sided test) ˂0.05, respectively. The Ovren prothrombin time was 48% on the 5th day after surgery, after which the functions and reserves of coagulation normalized starting from the 10th day, which is conveniently assessed by an increase in this indicator to 74.5% and above. Conclusions. Determination of the prothrombin time by Ovren can improve the diagnosis of liver failure and monitoring of liver function recovery in patients after liver transplantation from a donor diagnosed with brain death.

Efficacy of new generation herbicide mixtures in irrigated maize (Zea mays)

The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020 and 2021 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the efficacy of new generation herbicide mixtures in irrigated maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted of 9 treatments including pre-emergence herbicides, new generation post emergence herbicides and other weed management practices [T1, Weedy check; T2, Weed free check; T3, Spraying of atrazine @1 kg/ha as pre-emergence + Hand weeding on 25 DAS (days after sowing); T4, Spraying of atrazine @0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence + Spraying of topramezone @25.2 g/ha as post-emergence on 25 DAS; T5, Spraying of atrazine @0.75 kg/ha as pre emergence + Tembotrione @120 g/ha on 25 DAS; T6, Spraying of atrazine @1 kg/ha as pre-emergence + Topramezone @25.2 g/ha on 25 DAS; T7, Spraying of atrazine @1 kg/ha as pre-emergence + Tembotrione @120 g/ha on 25 DAS; T8, Spraying of topramezone @25.2 g/ha + atrazine @0.75 kg/ha on 15 DAS; and T9, Spraying of tembotrione @120 g/ha + atrazine @0.75 kg/ ha on 15 DAS], replicated thrice. The results evinced that application of topramezone at 25.2 g/ha + atrazine at 0.75 kg/ha on 15th day after sowing significantly reduced the weed density and dry weight leading to higher weed control efficiency and lower weed index of 62.0% and 3.1%, respectively, during both the years of study. This treatment resulted in higher grain yield (7675 kg/ha), net returns (₹72884/ha) and benefit cost (B:C) ratio (2.33) in irrigated maize.

The Study of the State of Monoaminergic Systems in the Brain Structures of the Offsprings of Female BALB/C Mice at Different Stages of Formation of Autism Spectrum Disorders

The study of the status of norepinephrine-, dopamine- and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems of BALB/C mice brain structures on 15 and 64 days of postnatal development (PD) in the model of autistic disturbances induced by injection of of sodium valproate (SV, 400 mg/kg, s/c) to pregnant females was carried out using the HPLC/ED method. The level of both catechol- and indolamines in the brain structures of control group mice at the age of 15 days was significantly lower than in adult animals at the age of 64 days. Prenatal administration of SV caused a decrease in all parameters of monoaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum of offspring at the age of 15 days, but had no effect in other brain structures studied. Subsequently, the level of dopamine increased and by the 64th day of PD did not differ from the parameters of the control group. The parameters of the serotonergic system changed in a similar pattern, with the content of serotonin and the serotonin metabolite 5-OIAA in the striatum increasing gradually and reaching maximum values by the 64th day of PR. Our data allows to assume that the administration of SV to pregnant females affects the activity of the dopamine and serotonergic systems of the brain of the offspring, causing a decrease in their activity in the striatum by the 15th day of pregnancy, followed by restoration to control values by the 64th day, which we previously observed in male pups. Thus, the patterns of dynamic changes in the neurochemical profile do not differ between males and females.

Effects of time-of-day resistance training on muscle strength, hormonal adaptations, and sleep quality during Ramadan fasting

ObjectivesWe investigated the timing of resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting (RF) on muscle strength, hormonal adaptations, and sleep quality.MethodsForty healthy and physically active male Muslims (age = 25.7 ± 5.6 years, body mass = 85.1 ± 17.5 kg, height = 175 ± 9 cm, BMI = 28.3 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were enrolled in this study and 37 completed pre and post-tests. Subjects were randomly allocated into two experimental groups. Group 1 (FAST, n = 20) completed an 8-week whole-body RT in the late afternoon (between 16 h and 18 h) while fasting. Group 2 (FED, n = 20) completed the similar RT protocol compared with FAST at night (between 20 h and 22 h). The following parameters were analyzed at various time-points: 2 weeks before the start of RF (T0), on the 15th day of Ramadan (T1), on the 29th day of Ramadan (T2), and 21 days after the last day of RF (T3) where both groups were in a fed state. One-repetition maximum tests (1-RM) were conducted for the squats (1-RMSQ), the deadlift (1-RMDL) and the bench press (1-RMBP). Sleep quality was assessed using the full Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Blood samples were taken to determine cortisol, testosterone and IGF-1 levels. Additionally, acute hormonal responses were evaluated before (BF), immediately after (AF), and 30 min after a RT session (AF-30 min) at T0, T1, T2, and T3.ResultsSignificant group-by-time interactions were identified for 1-RMSQ (p = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.43) and 1-RMDL (p = 0.001; ES = 0.36). Post-hoc tests indicated significant 1-RMSQ (p = 0.03; ES = 0.12) and 1-RMDL (p = 0.04; ES = 0.21) improvements from T0-T2 for FED. Additionally, significant group-by-time interactions were observed for the chronic effects on cortisol (p = 0.03; ES = 0.27) and testosterone levels (p = 0.01; ES = 0.32). Post-hoc tests indicated significant increases of cortisol levels among FAST at T1 and T2 compared to T0 (p = 0.05; ES = 0.41, p = 0.03; ES = 0.34) and a significant increase in cortisol levels in FED at T1 (p = 0.05; ES = 0.29) and T2 (p = 0.04; ES = 0.25). However, the observed increase was lower compared to FAST. Post-hoc tests also indicated significant increases of testosterone only among FED at T2 (p = 0.04; ES = 0.31). A significant group-by-time interaction was found for the acute effect of exercise on cortisol level (p = 0.04; ES = 0.34). The cortisol level immediately after RT was higher in FAST only at T1 (p = 0.03; ES = 0.39) and T2 (p = 0.05; ES = 0.22) compared with T0. No significant group-by-time interactions were identified for sleep quality (p = 0.07; ES = 0.43).ConclusionMuslims can safely practice RT during RF. However, training in a fed state during Ramadan might be more effective than during fasted state for the enhancement of maximal strength with better hormonal responses observed.

Developmental studies of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands in Japanese quails (Coturinx coturinx japonica)

Abstract Background The Japanese quail (Coturinx coturnix japonica) has a crucial role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century and continues to play main roles in our industry and scientific research. The advantages that the Japanese quail has, such as heavy egg production and high-quality meat with low cholesterol and fat contents, Moreover, the Japanese quail is easily managed, with high feeding conversion, low cost of investment, and high rate of returns. Salivary glands are a part of the lingual apparatus that secretes serios and mucous saliva. Whereas, the saliva secretions have different roles in the food variation, apprehension, and moisture of food bolus. The morphological and cytochemical analysis are done on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos of 6th, 10th, 11th, and 13th days of incubation and 25 healthy quail chicks at hatching day old, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 60th days old. These samples are investigated histologically, histochemically, and scanned by electron microscopy serially. Our purpose of the study is to highlight the area of the oropharyngeal salivary glands and their role in food variation, as few studies spoke about that in Japanese quail. Results The primordia of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were noticed at the 6th and 10th days of the prehatching respectively as an epithelial bud. After hatching, both primordia were elongated and differentiated into secretory units. These glands were mucous polystomatic tubulo-alveolar paired glands, which were situated in the submucosa of the oropharyngeal floor (sublingual floor and paralingual grooves). The sublingual glands consisted of 3–5 lobes extended from the two Os ceratobranchial by their wide ends caudally, to beyond the median sulcus of the prefrenular part of the sublingual space rostrally. The taste buds were variable in size and position. The mandibular glands lay on the paralingual groove, which arose at the 10-day old embryo. The mandibular glands were located dorsomedial to the sublingual glands and extended longitudinally from the rostral border of the frenulum linguae to the caudal tips of the sublingual glands. The taste buds decreased in volume and number with advancing age. Conclusion Overall, salivary glands increase in their alcianophilic activity of the secretions with advancing age, which indicates low PH within the secretory end pieces.

Study of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and mineralizing effects of an N-isopropenylimidazole zinc metal complex derivative in experimental endodontic-periodontal lesions in rats

Introduction: The combination treatment of patients with dentition problems including endodontic-periodontal lesions (EPL) is known to widely involve anti-inflammatory drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and antimicrobial drugs, in particular antibiotics and antiseptics, from which the former often lead to the development of gastro- and neuropathy, lesions of kidneys and liver, as well as the cardiovascular system, and the latter, in addition to serious side effects, lead to the development of steady resistance of pathogenic microorganisms and dysbacteriosis. This necessitates search for and development of new molecules with a wide range of therapeutic effects aimed to block the infectious and inflammatory process and to restore the functional ability of teeth in EPLs as much as possible (depending on a lesion severity). The aim of the study was to examine the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and mineralizing effects of an N-isopropenylimidazole zinc metal complex derivative in experimental endodontic-periodontal lesions in rats. Materials and Methods: EPL simulation in experiments on the anesthetized rats was conducted in the following way: first, the pulp cavity of lower incisors was opened and left exposed to infection; then periodontal inflammation was induced using a ligature. Thirty days later, EPL developed in the animals. An N-isopropenylimidazole zinc metal complex derivative (laboratory code Pilim-1, prepared in form of gel), reference drug Metrogyl Denta® (M-D, dental gel), as well as the combination Pilim-1 + M-D were applied daily for 14 days on the lower incisors and appropriate gums, and also placed in the gingival pockets and pulp cavities, with pulp partially removed beforehands. After euthanasia of the animals on the 15th day of the experiments, gingival homogenates were assayed for the activity of elastase, urease, catalase, the level of malondialdehyde, and the antioxidant-prooxidant index was calculated, while pulp homogenates were assayed for the activity of elastase, urease, alkaline and acidic phosphatases, and the mineralizing index was calculated. Results and Discussion: In the gum in EPL, Pilim-1 and, especially, the combination Pilim-1+M-D more significantly than M-D have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial (reduce a microbial content level) effects. In the pulp in EPL, Pilim-1 and, to a greater extent, the combination Pilim-1 + M-D in a more pronounced way than M-D have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (reduce a microbial content level) and mineralizing effects. In the therapeutic action mechanisms of Pilim-1 and, especially, the combination Pilim-1 + M-D in EPL conditions, their ability to have an antihypoxic effect and an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase is likely to play a very important role, in addition to their identified effect on the examined metabolic processes. Besides, a certain role may be played by the presence of zinc and imidazole in the structure of Pilim-1, as they have a wide range of biological activity. Conclusion: The presented results of studying Pilim-1 and its combination with M-D indicate their high therapeutic efficiency, especially when using the latter in the experimental EPL in rats, which makes it possible to consider Pilim-1 and Pilim-1 + M-D as potential therapeutic agents to treat EPL.

The Effect of Giving Soursop Fruit Juice (Annona muricata, L.) on Hemoglobin Levels in Wistar Bunting Strain Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Background: Anemia in pregnancy can be caused by exposure to cigarette. A large number of free radicals can cause the number of erythrocytes to decrease. It takes a component to neutralize free radicals, namely antioxidants obtained from various fruits. Soursop contains sources of antioxidants such as flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, and vitamin C. Researchers want to know whether soursop juice can be used as an alternative antioxidant to prevent the decrease in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women. Objective: To determine the effect of giving soursop juice on hemoglobin levels of pregnant white rats with exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: The experimental laboratory research was designed using the Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design method. The experimental animal samples were 20 pregnant female Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats composed of two control and three treatment groups. Rats were given soursop fruit juice from the first day of rearing until the 18th day of gestation and exposed to cigarette smoke from the 6th day until the 18th. Then blood samples were taken from the mother's heart to measure the hemoglobin level. Results: The results of the hemoglobin level test showed that there was difference between the treatment group and control group. There is an increasing trend from the postitive control group to treatment group. Conclusion: Giving soursop fruit juice can prevent the decrease in hemoglobin levels of pregnant rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Keywords: anemia, free radicals, antioxidants, vitamin C.

Photogalvanics of the lactic acid reductant - Carmoisine A photosensitizer-CAPB surfactant electrolyte: An optimization, stability and illumination window size effect

The photogalvanic cells presented in this research work are energy devices having dual role of simultaneous solar power generation and storage. The study of photogalvanics of the Lactic acid reductant-Carmoisine A photosensitizer- Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) surfactant-NaOH alkali has been done under artificial illumination for exploring a most suitable combination of photosensitizer, reductant and surfactant for further enhancing the solar harvesting efficiency. This combination of chemicals (Lactic acid-Carmoisine A-CAPB-NaOH) has shown remarkable improvement in the cell performance. The optimum conditions for cell have also been investigated for optimal cell performance. The electrical output of the cell has been found to depend on the cumulative effect of all cell fabrication variables. The observed power is of the order 1012.70 μW with efficiency 28.84 %. The electrical out-put of the photo-galvanic cells is found almost independent of the size of the illumination window. The initial power generated from the cell was ∼309.0 µW (taken as 100 %), and power at the end of 6th day was ∼0.0009 %. This long term study of the cell in post-illuminated dark conditions shows capacity of the cell to store and release the power over long period of time. Therefore, the Lactic acid reductant-Carmoisine A photosensitizer -CAPB surfactant combination is a good alternative for use in the fabrication of highly efficient photogalvanic cells.

Efficacy and Safety of Keratosept Eye Drops in Patients with Punctate Keratitis: Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation on 50 Eyes

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eye drops with antiseptic and re-epithelizing properties (Keratosept®, Bruschettini, Genova, Italy) on 50 eyes affected by punctate keratitis of suspected microbial origin. A biomicroscopic examination, fluorescein dye staining test (Fluotest), tear break-up time test (TBUT), and the ocular surface disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were used to assess treatment efficacy. Treatment success was defined as a negative Fluotest and an OSDI score <12 on the 15th day of treatment. According to this definition, Keratosept®, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, was effective in over 80% of microbial and nonmicrobial forms. Conjunctival swabs were taken from all patients for culture examination with an antibiogram and sensitivity test for Keratosept®; 32/43 (74.4%) forms with positive culture for the bacteria were sensitive to Keratosept®. A total of 35/38 (92%) eyes treated with this product alone achieved full treatment success without any apparent adverse effects. These results suggest the use of Keratosept® eye drops in punctate keratitis as an alternative or in combination with established antibiotic therapies. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in different infectious forms and identify other indications for using this product.

Influence of saponin tauroside Sx1 on lifespan and expression of vitamin D receptors in the liver tissue of mice with influenza infection

Introduction. Respiratory infections, including influenza, are often accompanied by hepatitis in humans which pathogenesis is not fully understood. According to the available datan D deficiency is presumably a risk factor in the occurrence of acute respiratory viral infections due to its modulation of immune response. Recent studies indicate that several plant compounds can interact with vitamin D receptors (VDRs) and modulate the activity of VDRs. The biologically active components saponins have found widespread use in clinical practice due to their wide range of biological and pharmacological effects which mechanisms are still largely unclear.Aim. To study the effect of oral administration of saponin tauroside Sx1, obtained from Crimean ivy, on life expectancy and activation of vitamin D receptors in the liver of mice during experimental viral infection of varying severity.Materials and methods. The 11 subgroups were formed from male BALB/c mice, were used in the experiment depending on the infectious dose of influenza virus, 5 LD50 virus or 10 LD50 virus, respectively, including control. Saponin tauroside Sx1 was used as a corrector. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out automatically in a BOND-MAX immunohistainer (Leica, Germany). Primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the vitamin D receptor were used.Results and discussion. Due to the administration of tauroside Sx1 at a dose of 200 μg/mouse/day increases the average life expectancy of animals receiving saponin by 4.6 days. Reducing the infectious dose of IV from 10 LD50 to 5 LD50 also changed the onset of death of animals by 2 days in both groups. With different infectious doses of the virus, on the 10th day of the experiment in the subgroups, the expression of vitamin D receptors changes without correction. In subgroup 2V, the number of total positive cells was lower than the control group. Moreover, in the 2Vir subgroup, VDR expression was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion. The saponin tauroside Sx1 at a dose of 200 µg/mouse/day has a fairly pronounced antiviral effect during experimental infection of mice with the influenza A/H1N1 virus, which is manifested by an increase in the average life expectancy of animals (for 4.6 days) and a decrease in the mortality rate during severe influenza infection, compared with the control group, where 100 % mortality was observed by the 14th day of the experiment. The introduction of saponin on the 4th day of the experiment in all subgroups reduces the total number of immune cells that intensively express VDR.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERINEUM STRUCTURES IN THE EMBRYONIC AND PREFETAL PERIODS

Traditionally, it is believed that the division of the cloaca into the ventral genitourinary pert and the dorsal - ureteric part occurs at the expense of the urorectal septum during the fourth week of intrauterine development. The separation of the cloaca finally ends during the sixth week of fetal development, with the fusion of the urorectal septum with the cloaca membrane. During the seventh week, both departments become separate entities. However, a significant cohort of authors question the traditional view of the mechanisms of cloacal separation.Purpose to establish and visualize the mechanism of cloaca division; to resolve the controversy regarding the role of the urorectal septum in the separation of the cloaca; to reveal the beginnings of future organ complexes of the male perineum.Material and method. Series of sections of 15 embryo preparations (4-7 weeks of gestational age; 4.5-13.5 mm. PCL) and 15 preparations of pre-fetus (7-9 weeks of gestational age; 14.0-35.0 mm. PCL) were studied by the methods of morphological research: microscopy, morphometry. In order to more accurately visualize and understand the processes of formation of the structures of the male perineum, the method of three-dimensional visualization was used.The results of own research. We found a significant number of mitotic divisions in the dorsal and lateral parts of the mesodermal tissue around the cranial part of the cloaca, but the absence of mitotic divisions was observed in the cells of the mesodermal tissue of the urogenital septum. The urorectal septum becomes visible after the cloacal folds separate the cloaca from the hindgut, distal to the junction between the mesonephric ducts and the cloaca. We established that from the 36th day of intrauterine development, an abdominal cavity is formed, which is located inside the urorectal septum and extends in the caudal direction distally from the point of entry of the mesonephric ducts to the middle of the distance between the entrance of the mesonephric ducts and the caudal top of the urorectal septum. On the 41st day of intrauterine development, parts of the mesonephric ducts, which are located between the cloaca and the ureteric buds, gradually disappear. Thus, both ureters and mesonephric ducts have a common entrance to the genitourinary sinus. Taking into account our observations, it should be noted that the division of the cloaca is a direct consequence of the growth and increase in the volume of the mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the cloaca and, especially in the later stages, its ventral part - the genitourinary sinus. During the 6-9th week of intrauterine development, the genitourinary sinus and urinary bladder are formed along with the demarcation of the mesonephric ducts and ureters.Conclusions. We identified three main structures that indirectly affect the division of the cloaca: after the formation of the urorectal septum, a decrease in the frequency of mitotic divisions of the latter is noted, which indicates its temporary and initial role in the division of the cloaca. Disproportionate growth and increase in the volume of mesenchymal tissue of the ventral part and dorsal part of the cloaca significantly affects the change in its shape and its division. The urorectal septum is not a single, separate structure and extends laterally. Finally, role of the abdominal cavity in the distribution of the cloaca is uncertain.

Polypropylene Fiber as a Factor of Reduction of the Total Shrinkage Strain of Expanded Clay Concrete

Statement of the problem. The article presents the development features of the total shrinkage strain of expanded clay concrete, expanded clay fiber-reinforced concrete, expanded clay steel-reinforced concrete, and expanded clay fiber-steel-reinforced concrete. According to the analytical review, the shrinkage strain decrease as a result of the fibers adding was noted by the researchers without analyzing the reason for the phenomenon. Therefore the purpose of the study is to establish the reason for the decrease of the shrinkage strain of expanded clay concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibers. Results. It has been confirmed that the polypropylene fiber addition reduces the total shrinkage strain of expanded clay concrete by 29—34 % on the 120th day with the volume content of fibers of 0.36 %. Empirical dependences of deformations compatibility for expanded clay fiber-reinforced concrete and expanded clay fiber-steel-reinforced concrete are set forth. Conclusions. It has been experimentally established that fiber is a significant factor on the first days of the concrete mixture hardening, when the elastic modulus of the fiber is greater than or equal to the elastic modulus of the cement stone. Fibers act as a bond and affect the redistribution of shrinkage stresses within the composite, thus reducing the values of the total shrinkage strain.

Comparative study of endophytic bacterial strains from non-host crops for enhancing plant growth and managing early blight in tomato

Bacillus pseudomycoides, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and B. velezensis are potent bacterial endophytes, which typically exhibit host-specific interactions. However, comparative studies of these endophytes in vitro and in planta in non-host crops are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the potential of endophytes B. pseudomycoides strain HP3d, P. polymyxa strain PGSS1, B. velezensis strain A6, and P42, isolated from various crop ecosystems in promoting plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against early blight disease in tomato. In vitro, endophytes exhibited 44.44–55.56% and 37.50–87.50% inhibition of Alternaria solani in dual culture and volatilome bioassay, respectively. In the glasshouse, individual and combined applications via seed treatment (ST), seedling dip (SD), and foliar spray (FS) significantly enhanced shoot growth (23.63–57.61%), root growth (43.27–118.23%), number of leaves (77.52–93.58%), number of shoots (33.42–45.28%) and root dry matter (42.17–43.86%), reducing early blight (PDI) by 70.95–76.12% compared to uninoculated control. Enzymatic activities, including such as polyphenol oxidase (30–40 fold), peroxidase (65.00–75.00 fold), superoxide dismutase (34.20–37.20 fold) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (44.44–45.56 fold) were elevated post-inoculation in endophytes treated tomato plants challenged with A. solani compared to control treated only with A. solani and declined after the fifth day. The total chlorophyll content declined from the 0th to the 10th day, but endophyte treated plants exhibited lesser reductions (2.03–2.09) than uninoculated control. Field trials confirmed the glasshouse findings, showing reduced early blight and improved growth parameters in tomato where the ST + SD + FS combination emerged as the most effective treatment for all endophytes showing 1.06–1.88 fold increase in fruit yield per plant and 28.92–32.52% decrease in PDI compared to untreated control. Thus, the study highlights the broad-spectrum potential of these strains in promoting plant growth and controlling early blight in tomato, demonstrating non-host specificity. These endophytes offer eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, supporting sustainable agriculture. Their success in field trials suggests the potential for commercialization and large-scale use across diverse crops and pave the way for further interdisciplinary research to optimize their application in integrated pest management strategies.

Taurine and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin synergistically protect against the methotrexate-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects

This study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of taurine (Tau) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), both individually and in combination, against MTX-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats. A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into six groups (six animals each): control (vehicle), MTX alone (20 mg/kg, single dose), EMIQ+MTX (EMIQ at 26 mg/kg, p.o. for 16 days, with a single dose of MTX on the 13th day), Tau + MTX (Tau at 500 mg/kg, p.o. for 16 days, with a single dose of MTX on the 13th day), (EMIQ+Tau)+MTX, and (EMIQ+Tau)½+MTX. MTX treatment resulted in elevated levels of cardiac creatine phosphokinase-myocardial band, troponin I, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and serum IL-6, while decreasing levels of cardiac myeloperoxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. MTX also reduced expression of BMI-1, induced DNA laddering and fragmentation, and increased cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in cardiac tissue. Both Tau and EMIQ showed equivalent effectiveness in protecting the heart against MTX-induced damage due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Notably, combined treatment with half-doses of Tau and EMIQ offered superior protection compared to full doses of each agent alone. The full-dose combination showed similar efficacy to the half-dose combination, with a few exceptions. Overall, these results suggest a synergistic effect of Tau and EMIQ in mitigating MTX-induced cardiotoxicity, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.

Effect of vitamin-mineral complex with probiotic on histological structure of gastrointestinal tract tissues of budgerigars

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of a vitamin-mineral complex with a probiotic on the histological structure of the gastrointestinal tract tissues of budgerigars in dynamics.Materials and methods. The object of the study were budgerigars aged from 60 to 180 days. According to the principle of pairs-analogues, 3 experimental and a control group of 20 birds each were formed from clinically healthy budgerigars. For the purpose of the experiment, complete granules were created containing a basic grain-seed diet and a complex consisting of a probiotic, vitamins and minerals. Bacillus Subtillis 5 mg per 100 g of live weight was used as a probiotic. For histological and histochemical studies, tissue pieces measuring 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm were selected. In each section, an assessment of at least 10 fields of vision was given.Results. As a result of the experiment, lasting 45 days, a gradual increase in the probiotic mass was noted in the gastrointestinal tract of budgerigars on the 15th and 30th day. Complete release of the body from the probiotic was observed on the 30th day after stopping the administration of the granulated complex. No changes in the histological structure of the liver were revealed. Positive changes in the intestine and stomach were noted, such as an increase in the density of villi and the height of the epithelium, folds, crypts and tubular glands. These changes are reversible, due to the temporary effect of the vitamin and mineral complex with a probiotic.

Effect of different packaging methods and storage conditions on postharvest quality and shelf-life of Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.) var. PKM2

Manila tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.), is a dry land fruit crop that belongs to the Fabaceae family commonly known Camacchile or Jungle jilebi. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) has the potential to become productive under harsh climatic and edaphic conditions of dry land areas but its pods have a shorter shelf life. The most important objective was to use proper packaging methods to reduce moisture loss, slow down physiological and biochemical changes and prevent spoilage. The study evaluated 8 packaging methods, including different combinations of CFB (Corrugated Fiberboard) lined with 100-gauge polythene film with 0 %, 5 % and 10 % vents, CFB with 0 %, 5 % and 10 % vents, vacuum packing and a control, under cold storage (13-15 °C) and ambient conditions (26 ± 2 °C). On the 15th day of cold storage conditions, vacuum packing showed minimum physiological loss of weight (19.82 %), titratable acidity (0.68 %), ascorbic acid (77.20) and total sugar (8.36 %). Maximum total soluble solids (15.32 ?Brix), Anthocyanin (22.72 mg 100 g-1 m), shelf life (15 days) followed by CFB with 10 % vent. On the 12th day of ambient storage condition, vacuum packing recorded minimum physiological loss of weight (16.42 %), titratable acidity (0.42 %), ascorbic acid (76.13) and total sugar (8.53 %). Maximum total soluble solids (14.93 ?Brix), Anthocyanin (21.83 mg 100 g-1 m) and shelf life (11.5 days) followed by CFB with 10 % vent. In this study, the overall results indicated that both vacuum packaging and CFB with 10 % vent at cold storage had synergistic effect in manila tamarind fruit pods, not only in extending the shelf life but also maintained the physiological and biochemical attributes of manila tamarind.

Derajat Aglutinasi pada Pemeriksaan Golongan Darah Metode Tabung Berdasarkan Masa Simpan Test Sel A dan Test Sel B Hari Ke-0, Ke-2, Ke-4, Ke-6 dan Ke-8

Blood group examination is an examination that aims to determine the type of blood group. Cell test is a blood group examination reagent used to detect antibodies in the serum being examined. The long shelf life of cell tests that can only last for two days is considered less effective for agencies with a high level of blood services. The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of agglutination in blood group examination with cell test A and B stored on the 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days. This study is a descriptive study with a Quasi Experimental research design. Test cell A and test cell B were made from red blood cell specimens of 3 blood type A and 3 blood type B respectively. Test cells are stored in a refrigerator with a temperature of 2-6° C. Test cells were then examined on the 0th, 2nd, 4th, and 6th day of storage. Calculation of samples and repetitions using the Federer formula with the number of treatments in this study is 5 treatments. Based on the calculation, one sample of test cell A and test cell B was obtained with five repetitions of each examination. The results showed that on the 0th, 2nd, 4th, and 6th day of cell test storage, the results of blood type examination were obtained, namely the degree of agglutination 4+ with erythrocytes in the cell test clumping into one bond, cells forming large agglutination with clear supernatant. On the 8th day of storage, the result of agglutination degree is 3+ with erythrocytes in test cells not clumping perfectly, there are erythrocyte granules and cloudy supernatant. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that test cell A and test cell B can be used optimally until day 6 storage.

Histomorphometric changes in pituitary gonadotropic endocrinocytes when exposed to dark deprivation

Aim. To assess the effect of 30-day dark deprivation on functional and histomorphometric changes in adenohypophysis gonadotropic endocrinocytes and their reversibility in mature male rats.Materials and methods. Mongrel white male rats (n = 36) weighing 365–375 g at 4 months of age were randomly divided into three groups (each n = 12). For 30 days the control group was in automatic light-dark mode 12/12, and the rats of experimental groups 1 and 2 were in round-the-clock artificial lighting (24/0, 300 Lux), then the rats of group 2 were returned to 12/12 mode for the next 14 days. In the animals of the control and group 1 during their lifetime on the 31st day, and in group 2 on the 45th day, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta and levels of follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones, melatonin, and Klotho protein were determined an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoassay and after which they were removed from the experiment by decapitation. Postmortem histological and immunohistochemical examination of the pituitary gland was done using rabbit polyclonal antibodies targeting caspase-3 and Klotho protein, as well as morphometry. Statistical data processing was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Dunn’s test.Results. Light desynchronization in the form of 30 days of dark deprivation increased FSH and LH levels and decreased melatonin and Klotho protein levels in the blood of male rats; increased gonadotropic endocrine cell area, volume, and perimeter by 23.1% (p < 0.001), 48.7% (p < 0.001), and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively; and increased nucleus area, volume, and perimeter by 16%, 11.7%, and 2.5%, respectively. An immunohistochemical study showed an increase in the specific area of caspase-3-immunoreactive gonadotropic endocrinocytes by 25.2% without obvious morphological signs of apoptosis, and a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein by 25.7%. All indicators were reversible, the levels of FSH and Klotho protein in the blood of animals almost reached their initial values after 14 days of restoration of the light-dark cycle 12/12.Conclusion. Dark deprivation for 30 days in male rats induced reversible processes of accelerated aging and apoptosis in cells, as evidenced by changes in the expression of aging markers in gonadotropic endocrinocytes and levels of gonadotropic hormones in the blood. When the light-dark mode is restored, the levels of FSH and Klotho protein normalize as early as 14 days.

In silico and in vivo evaluations of fisetin and fisetin-loaded nanosuspension on monoamine oxidase inhibition in Aβ(25-35) induced dementia in mice model

BackgroundAmyloid beta (Aβ) plaques on the extracellular matrix and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprise the key indicative pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fisetin, an antioxidant bioactive compound having pharmacotherapeutic effects is applied by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) such as Toxicodendron vernicifum (Chinese lacquer tree), Cotinus coggygria Scop, Gan Shuang granulates and formula of Acacia catechu-Scutellariae Radix. Nevertheless, fisetin has constraints such as low oral bioavailability, insignificant aqueous solubility and high hepatic metabolisms. ObjectiveThis investigation aimed to envisage the effects of fisetin and its optimised nanoformulation on Aβ(25-35) desirous neurotoxicity in mice through deciphering inhibitory actions against monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and B) enzymes following molecular docking. MethodsMolecular docking with MAO-A and B enzymes were accomplished by AMDock's integrated AutoDock Tools (ADT) scripts. For in vivo studies, fisetin nanosuspension was prepared by nanoprecipitation method and evaluated for standard characterization. 10 and 20 mg/kg of fisetin and 10 mg/kg of fisetin nanosuspension were given once daily to mice for 21 days. On the 15th day, the mice were challenged with Aβ(25–35) by intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) and behavioural tests (open field and elevated plus maze) were performed on the 20th day. Biochemical and histology were examined in brain tissues. ResultsFisetin docked to the catalytic positions of MAO-A and B, unveiling good binding scores and molecular interactions with amino acid residues for inhibition activities. Fisetin nanosuspension has average particle size (225.4 ± 2.95 nm) with low polydispersity index (0.19) and standard zeta potential (-19.13 ± 1.17 mV). Findings showed that fisetin increased locomotor activity and reduced anxiety-like behaviour. Fisetin and its nanosuspension significantly reduced the concentration of MAO-A (P < 0.01) and MAO-B enzymes suggesting a potential neuroprotection effect in Aβ peptide-induced amnesia in mice. ConclusionFisetin with optimized bioavailability, effectively exhibits neuroprotection through molecular interactions of MAO enzymes. Further investigations affidavits the neuroprotection through bidirectional pathways related to biogenic amines and their deamination on Aβ stress conditions.

Comparative Efficacy Of Diode Laser Vs Iontophoresis Along With Desensitizing Agent In The Treatment Of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Aims: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser using with topical Potassium nitrate (KNO3) gel and Iontophoresis with NaF gel in the treatment of dentinal Hypersensitivity. Methods and Material: 20 systemically healthy patients with Dentinal Hypersensitivity were enrolled in the randomized clinical trial. The patients with dentinal hypersensitivity were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group I was treated with diode laser and KNO3 gel; Group II with Iontophoresis unit. Sensitivity was recorded using the verbal rating scale before treatment, 10 min after treatment and 7, 15 and 21 days post therapy. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis was carried out using Descriptive Statistics at different times between the Groups. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22 software. The results were averaged (mean ± standard deviation) for continuous data. P &lt; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After 10 min ,7th day and 15th day, levels of hypersensitivity were statistically significant among both groups. Conclusions: The present study concluded that Diode Lasers associated with 5%KNO3 topical gel showed significantly greater reduction of DH than Iontophoresis unit.