Hours Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Reallocating just 10 min to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from other components of 24-hour movement behaviors improves cardiovascular health in adults

BackgroundAs components of a 24-hour day, sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and sleep are all independently linked to cardiovascular health (CVH). However, insufficient understanding of components’ mutual exclusion limits the exploration of the associations between all movement behaviors and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to employ compositional data analysis (CoDA) approach to investigate the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and overall CVH.MethodsData from 581 participants, including 230 women, were collected from the 2005–2006 wave of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This dataset included information on the duration of SB and PA, derived from ActiGraph accelerometers, as well as self-reported sleep duration. The assessment of CVH was conducted in accordance with the criteria outlined in Life’s Simple 7, encompassing the evaluation of both health behaviors and health factors. Compositional linear regression was utilized to examine the cross-sectional associations of 24-hour movement behaviors and each component with CVH score. Furthermore, the study predicted the potential differences in CVH score that would occur by reallocating 10 to 60 min among different movement behaviors.ResultsA significant association was observed between 24-hour movement behaviors and overall CVH (p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Substituting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for other components was strongly associated with favorable differences in CVH score (p < 0.05), whether in one-for-one reallocations or one-for-remaining reallocations. Allocating time away from MVPA consistently resulted in larger negative differences in CVH score (p < 0.05). For instance, replacing 10 min of light physical activity (LPA) with MVPA was related to an increase of 0.21 in CVH score (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.11 to 0.31). Conversely, when the same duration of MVPA was replaced with LPA, CVH score decreased by 0.67 (95% CI -0.99 to -0.35). No such significance was discovered for all duration reallocations involving only LPA, SB, and sleep (p > 0.05).ConclusionsMVPA seems to be as a pivotal determinant for enhancing CVH among general adult population, relative to other movement behaviors. Consequently, optimization of MVPA duration is an essential element in promoting overall health and well-being.

Validity of 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall To Estimate Total Daily Energy Expenditure in an Urban, Relatively Active Brazilian Adult Sample

Validity of 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall To Estimate Total Daily Energy Expenditure in an Urban, Relatively Active Brazilian Adult Sample

Evening regular activity breaks extend subsequent free-living sleep time in healthy adults: a randomised crossover trial

ObjectiveTo determine if performing regular 3-min bouts of resistance exercise spread over 4 hours in an evening will impact subsequent sleep quantity and quality, sedentary time and physical activity compared...

Clustering Patterns of 24-Hour Physical Activity in Children 6-36 Months Old.

To determine 24-hour physical activity (PA) clusters in children 6-36months of age, factors associated with the clusters, and their agreement across time. A longitudinal study followed 150 infants from South Carolina up to 36months of age. Measures included 24-hour PA and demographic data. Functional clustering was used to obtain the clusters. The association between cluster membership and infant/parent characteristics was examined by Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests. Concordance was measured with the kappa coefficient and percent agreement. At each follow-up, 3 clusters were optimal, identified as late activity (cluster 1), high activity (cluster 2), and medium activity (cluster 3). The defining feature of the late activity cluster was that their physical activity (PA) activity was shifted to later in the day versus children in clusters 2 and 3. At 6months, the clusters were associated with race (<0.001), crawling (0.043), other children in the household (0.043), and mother's education (0.004); at 12months with race (0.029), childcare (<0.001), and education (<0.001); and at 36months with other children in the household (0.019). Clusters showed moderate agreement (kappa = .41 [.25 to .57], agreement = 61% [49% to 72%]) between 6 and 12months and, at 36months, showed no agreement with either 6 or 12months. Twenty-four-hour PA can be clustered into medium, high, and late PA. Further research is needed into the consequences of late sleeping in children at this age. Clusters are associated with household and childcare factors, and cluster membership is dynamic across time.

Energy expenditure and weight-related behaviors in youth with Down syndrome: a protocol.

The consequences of obesity are ominous, yet healthcare professionals are not adequately preventing or treating obesity in youth with Down syndrome (DS). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is the energy expended in 24 h through physical activity and life-sustaining physiologic processes. An individual's TDEE is essential for determining the daily caloric intake needed to maintain or change body weight. Successful prevention and treatment of obesity in youth with DS is severely compromised by the lack of data on TDEE and information on weight-related behaviors for this high-risk population. This manuscript describes the protocol for the federally funded study that is in process to determine daily energy expenditure in a large cohort of children with DS. This observational cross-sectional study will include a national sample of 230 youth with DS, stratified by age (5-11 and 12-18 years of age) and sex. Doubly Labeled Water analysis will provide the criterion body fat%, fat-free mass, and TDEE. To increase accessibility and decrease the burden on participants, the entire study, including obtaining consent and data collection, is conducted virtually within the participant's home environment on weekdays and weekends. The study team supervises all data collection via a video conferencing platform, e.g., Zoom. This study will (1) examine and determine average TDEE based on age and sex, (2) develop a prediction equation based on measured TDEE to predict energy requirements with a best-fit model based on fat-free mass, sex, age, and height and/or weight, and (3) use 24-hour dietary recalls, a nutrition and physical activity screener, wearable devices, and sleep questionnaire to describe the patterns and quality of dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity status in youth with DS. The lack of accurate information on energy expenditure and weight-related behaviors in youth with DS significantly impedes the successful prevention and treatment of obesity for this vulnerable population. The findings of this study will provide a further understanding of weight-related behaviors as obesity risk factors, currently not well understood for this population. This study will advance the science of weight management in individuals with disabilities and shift clinical practice paradigms.

Validating device-based physical activity indicators with observation physical activity indicators in Swiss pre-school children

Purpose&#x0D; Accelometry is a very important tool to measure physical activity (PA) in preschoolers, as it can measure 24-hour PA and detect activity which cannot be captured by other methods. However, accelerometer validation for preschoolers is lacking (Altenburg et al. 2022). Specifically, for the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT and Move 4 (ActiGraph LLC; Move4 activity sensor, movisens GmbH) only a few, respectively no preschooler validation studies, were found. Thus, the purpose was to validate these two accelerometers in Swiss preschoolers with the System for Observing Children’s Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP; Ridgers et al., 2010).&#x0D; Methods and Design&#x0D; Preschoolers (2-5 years old) from two Swiss Sunday activity programs (MiniMove &amp; Ä Halle wo’s fägt) were randomly selected as part of a larger program evaluation. PA was assessed SOCARP for a duration of 12 minutes per child. During the observation, the children wore both an ActiGraph and a Move4 device taped to their right hip to record steps. Step-counts from the ActiGraph and Move4 were correlated with each other and with moderate-to-vigorous (MV)PA from SOCARP (as SOCARP does not count steps).&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Valid PA data was available for 45/58 (77.6%) children (49% girls) for SOCARP and for 47/58 (81%) children (51% girls) for accelometry. Step count correlations between the accelerometers (Actigraph and Move4) and %MVPA (SOCARP) was medium and positive (r(43) = .34, p = .03 and r(43) = .37, p = .02; respectively). There was a strong step count correlation between the two devices (r(45) = .90, p &lt; .001), although ActiGraph measured significantly more steps than Move4 (m = 557.74, SD = 255.77 versus m = 397.81, SD = 164.10); t(46)=8.47, p &lt; .001).&#x0D; Discussion&#x0D; PA measurement in preschool children can be challenging. However, the correlation between step counts and observed %MVPA indicates criterion validity for both devices. The step-counts of Actigraph and Move4 validate each other, but there is a difference in the absolute number of measured steps. Due to different outcome parameters, calculation algorithms, and inaccessibility to raw acceleration the comparison of the two devices on movement intensity was not possible. Although promising preliminary indications of validity of device-based measurement of PA in Swiss preschool children, further investigations into the methodological approaches of comparing measurements of movement intensity are warranted.&#x0D; References&#x0D; Altenburg, T. M., de Vries, L., op den Buijsch, R., Eyre, E., Dobell, A., Duncan, M., &amp; Chinapaw, M. J. M. (2022). Cross-validation of cut-points in preschool children using different accelerometer placements and data axes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(4), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1994726&#x0D; Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., &amp; McKenzie, T. L. (2010). Reliability and validity of the system for observing children’s activity and relationships during play (SOCARP). Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.1.17

Trajectories of 24-Hour Physical Activity Distribution and Relationship with Dyslipidemia.

The association between physical activity (PA) and dyslipidemia is well known, but the relationship between a temporal pattern of PA and dyslipidemia remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify the intensity and temporal patterns of PA clustered by the trajectory model and their relationship with dyslipidemia. The participants were 701 adults (305 males) aged 18−60 years undergoing continuous measurement of PA with Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers for at least 3 days. A trajectory analysis was applied based on moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) accumulated values over every period per day. The association between PA and dyslipidemia was estimated using a logistic regression model. Four distinct PA trajectory groups in the population were identified (continued low, stable and moderate, late increasing, and early increasing). Specifically, the “moderate and stable group” was associated with a decreased rate of high TG (p < 0.05) and the “moderate and stable group” and “late increasing group” were associated with decreased rates of low HDL-C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were four activity trajectory groups in this population and the continued low PA trajectory was associated with a high prevalent rate of an abnormal lipid profile, and continued and moderate activity or late afternoon increasing activity might have lower HDL-C distribution.

Variations in 24-Hour Heart Rate, Physical Activity, Sleep, Autonomic Nervous Activity, and Motor Performance Measured Using a Multifunctional Wireless Holter Recorde in Early Childhood

The study aimed to implement motor performance measurements to clarify the physiological characteristics of aging, as well as the relationship between aging and motor performance. This study, we used a multifunctional wireless holter recorder to continuously measure the 24-hour heart rate, physical activity, sleep, and autonomic nervous system activity of early childhood aged 3–6 years. Results showed that average heart rate, average awake heart rate, average heart rate during sleep, and number of turns during sleep decreased with age. Basal metabolism and total energy expenditure varied significantly by age and sex. Motor performance increased significantly with age, and correlations were found between physical characteristics, physical activity, and mean heart rate during sleep. However, autonomic nervous system activity did not differ significantly with age and sex. Our results show the need for specific programs for each age group.

Investigating Modifiable Health Behaviours in MCAST Students

Health-related behaviours (HRBs) are known to shape health on an individual aswell as a population level. This study was undertaken, therefore, to explore the status quoregarding such behaviours at the main state-sponsored vocational education institution inthe Maltese islands, the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST). An onlinequestionnaire was designed to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour,substance abuse, and self-reported health and happiness at school among a total sampleof 483 MCAST students aged 16+. A poor level of physical activity engagement was noted,with a significantly high proportion of students (23.4%) not engaging in at least one hourof PA (over the previous seven days), and with only a minority (8%) of students reportingthat they were physically active on a daily basis. High levels of sedentary behaviour wereobserved, specifically sedentary screen time, and there was a statistically significant, albeitweak, association between physical activity over the previous seven days and perceivedstate of health. Low levels of alcohol and tobacco consumption were observed, whilehigher levels of cannabis use were identified when compared to similar studies carried outin Malta. The majority of students reported being happy at school during the period thesurvey was administered, and a significantly high percentage of studentsmore than halfreported feeling excess pressure from schoolwork, with females reporting higher levels ofpressure than their male counterparts. A majority of students also reported being in goodor excellent health, with males reporting better health than females.

Relationships between physical activity, healthy eating and cortical thickness in children and young adults.

Prior neuroimaging studies have shown associations between healthy lifestyle factors and cortical thickness; however, results on the direction of this association have been inconsistent. While the majority of studies were performed in older adults within specific weight status categories, little has been reported in younger populations with a range of adiposity, including groups with healthy-weight, overweight, and obesity. Here we investigated relationships between indices of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating with cortical thickness in children and youth/young adults and examined whether these relationships differed by weight status and age groups. Study participants included 119 youth/young adults and 159 children. We hypothesized that greater levels of PA and/or healthy eating index (HEI) composite scores would be positively associated with cortical thickness, and that this association would differ in overweight or obese groups versus normal weight groups, as well as youth/young adults vs. child cohorts. Overall PA (minutes/day) was assessed using 24-hour PA recalls. HEI was calculated to assess diet quality. A structural MRI was performed, and FreeSurfer 6.0 was used to assess cortical thickness in 68 regions of interest (ROI). Mixed effects modeling was performed to investigate associations of PA or HEI with cortical thickness. FDR corrections were applied for multiple ROIs. PA was positively associated with cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.042) and cuneus cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.017) after controlling for sex, age group, and weight status. When stratified by age, in youth/young adults, higher time spent in PA was associated with greater cortical thickness in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex, after adjusting for sex and weight group (FDR adjusted ps < 0.05). No significant associations between PA and cortical thickness were observed in children. No significant associations between PA and cortical thickness were observed when stratified by weight group. No significant associations between HEI and cortical thickness were observed. These results indicate that higher time spent in PA is associated with greater cortical thickness, a relationship that appears to be stronger during youth/young adulthood and may be related to more favorable brain health outcomes.

Adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle pattern is associated with favorable weight loss outcomes: the MedWeight study

Individual lifestyle targets have been associated with weight loss outcomes, yet few studies have examined associations of one's total lifestyle with weight loss maintenance. We aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle patterns and weight loss outcomes in weight loss maintainers and regainers. We hypothesized that higher adherence to a broader healthy lifestyle favors maintenance (over regain). This is a cross-sectional analysis of 470 adults (62% women) with a history of overweight/obesity and significant weight loss 12 months before study entry. Participants were classified as maintainers (current weight ≤90% maximum weight) or regainers. They were asked to fill in a series of questionnaires on demographics and lifestyle habits (dietary intake and eating behaviors through two 24-hour recalls, physical activity, and sleep). A total Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (total-MLI, range 0-13) was generated by summing up ratings in the lifestyle domain quartiles (diet quality, physical activity, and sleep habits) and dietary behaviors (seasonal food and vegetable intake, intake of traditional foods, responsibility for food preparation, conviviality). Maintainers scored higher in the total-MLI than regainers (6.93 ± 2.31 vs 5.78 ± 2.49, P < .001). Adherence to the total-MLI was associated with 28% higher odds for weight loss maintenance (per unit increment) in linear analyses. Being in the highest total-MLI quartile was associated with 5.27 (95% CI, 2.77-10.02) odds for maintenance. Higher adherence to a comprehensive Mediterranean lifestyle pattern was associated with higher odds for weight loss maintenance. Our findings suggest that even modest shifts toward a healthier living may contribute to favorable weight loss outcomes.

Predictors of weight reduction in a Nigerian family practice setting.

This study identified the predictors of weight reduction among adult obese patients in a Family Practice Setting and developed a statistical model to predict weight reduction. A prospective cohort design. The Family Practice Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Obese adults were recruited into a three-month weight reduction program. Patient Information Leaflets were used for counselling, while questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Potential predictors were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Zung Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Garner's Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), 24-hour dietary recall and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure and Fasting Lipid Profile were assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis with a significance set at α0.05. Most 99(76.2%) of the 130 participants achieved weight reduction and had a median weight change of -2.3kg (IQR-4, -0.5), with 66 (66.7%) out of 99 attaining the weight reduction target of 10%. The regression model showed predictors of weight reduction to be Total Cholesterol [TC] (p=0.01) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-C] (p=0.03). The statistical model derived for Weight reduction = 0.0028 (LDL-C) -0.029 (TC)-0.053 (EAT-26) +0.041(High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol). The proportion of variance of the model tested was R2 = 0.3928 (adjusted R2 = 0.2106). Predictors of weight reduction among patients were eating attitude score, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipid and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels. A statistical model was developed for managing obesity among patients. Self-funded, with a discount from the Public-Private Partnership Laboratory obtained for the patients recruited.

Investigating Wrist-Based Acceleration Summary Measures across Different Sample Rates towards 24-Hour Physical Activity and Sleep Profile Assessment.

Wrist-worn wearable sensors have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential in providing continuous, longitudinal, non-invasive measurements, leading to insights into Physical Activity (PA), sleep, and circadian variability. Three key practical considerations for research-grade wearables are as follows: (a) choosing an appropriate sample rate, (b) summarizing raw three-dimensional accelerometry data for further processing (accelerometry summary measures), and (c) accurately estimating PA levels and sleep towards understanding participants’ 24-hour profiles. We used the CAPTURE-24 dataset, where 148 participants concurrently wore a wrist-worn three-dimensional accelerometer and a wearable camera over approximately 24 h to obtain minute-by-minute labels: sleep; and sedentary light, moderate, and vigorous PA. We propose a new acceleration summary measure, the Rate of Change Acceleration Movement (ROCAM), and compare its performance against three established approaches summarizing three-dimensional acceleration data towards replicating the minute-by-minute labels. Moreover, we compare findings where the acceleration data was sampled at 10, 25, 50, and 100 Hz. We demonstrate the competitive advantage of ROCAM towards estimating the five labels (80.2% accuracy) and building 24-hour profiles where the sample rate of 10 Hz is fully sufficient. Collectively, these findings provide insights facilitating the deployment of large-scale longitudinal actigraphy data processing towards 24-hour PA and sleep-profile assessment.

Abstract 156: Nutrition therapy: Evaluating relevant interactions for therapeutic success

Background: Clinical nutrition services focus on calories and when a patient looses weight, it may result in both fat and protein loss. There is a lacunae in incorporating anthropometric data as part of nutritional services.Aim: To evaluate nutritional therapy in Diabetes with anthropometric data beyond weight.Materials and Methods: A total number of 847 diabetes patients in age group 35-71 years referred to Division of Nutrition, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore were recruited from 2015 to 2017. Anthropometric measurements including Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Waist-circumference (WC), Waist–Hip Ratio (WHR), Mid-ArmCircumference (MAC) were carried out on the patients on the first visit and subsequently on every other visit. A 24-hour dietary and physical activity recall was done by a nutritionist and a specific individualised plan was provided based on current intake. Wherever applicable paired ‘t’ test & univariate regression analysis were carried out between anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables. The mean follow up was 12 months.Results: There was a significant positive association between BMI, percent body fat and WC, but not with WHR. On 24-hour dietary recall done during follow up, individuals in all the BMI groups consumed diets that closely matched international dietary recommendations for diabetes in terms of fibre intake, carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio. Patient's blood glucose profiles improved with a decrease in fat intake, without significant weight-loss. The mid-arm-circumference remained same through the study period.Conclusion: Clinical nutrition programs should utilize anthropometric data like WC & MAC along with dietary recall. Appropriate counselling with balanced diet beyond calories should be provided to achieve a decrease in fat mass without a decrease in mid-arm-circumference to maintain the protein mass. This data compares favourably with the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).

The mediating effect of engagement in physical activity over a 24-hour period on chronic disease and depression: Using compositional mediation model

BackgroundPopular mediation method only considers a single activity as a mediator instead of all 24-hour physical activity, such as a four-way decomposition method. We investigated the mediation of 24-hour movement continuum between chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease [CVD] and diabetes) and depression using a novel compositional mediation model. Methods24-hour activity data measured by accelerometer were obtained from NHANES 2005–2006. Adjusted coefficient with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for PHQ-9 total score and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for depression were computed from compositional mediation models. ResultsIn total, 2,375 participants aged ≥ 20 were included in our analysis. Both diabetes and CVD were associated with increased sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep and reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light-intensity physical activity (LPA), leading to an increased likelihood of depression. Although not all component indirect effects were associated with PHQ-9 total score and depression, the total indirect effect was significantly associated with both PHQ-9 total score (coefficient (95% CI) for diabetes: 0.162 (0.081, 0.261); coefficient (95% CI) for CVD: 1.139 (1.061, 1.240)) and depression (OR (95% CI) for diabetes: 0.235 (0.126, 0.362); OR (95% CI) for CVD: 1.200 (1.088, 1.346)) using the compositional mediation model. ConclusionWe developed a compositional mediation model for continuous and binary outcomes, which can handle entire compositional mediators as a unit. The mediation of 24-hour movement continuum mediated the association between diabetes, CVD, and depression. Our findings present potential interventions for reducing risk of depression among patients with CVD and diabetes.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING DIETARY QUALITY OF ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Objective: The diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes is shaped by some individual factors. These include age, gender, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and adaptation to diabetes treatment. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Material and Methods: The sample in this study consisted of adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were followed in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ankara between July 2017-January 2018. The research data was collected using the face-to-face interview technique with a questionnaire. The physical activity levels of the individuals were determined using a ‘24-hour physical activity level detection form (short)’. Three-day food consumption records were taken and evaluated via BeBiS. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 was used to determine diet quality. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 110 adolescents (M:51.8%; F:48.2%) with type 1 diabetes in the 10-19 age range (mean age:14.0±2.40 years). Only 15.5% of all individuals have good diet quality. In a linear regression model formed by the variables of exercise status, physical activity type, and PAL value of individuals, a positive significant relationship was found between exercise status and diet quality (χ2 (1,n=110)=1.392, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was found that the majority of individuals needed to improve their diet quality and that exercise affected the diet quality of type 1 diabetic adolescents. In addition, exercise levels, which have an important role in both diabetes management and improvement of diet quality, should be increased.

Erratum: Changes in 24-Hour Physical Activity Patterns and Walking Gait Biomechanics After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Erratum: Changes in 24-Hour Physical Activity Patterns and Walking Gait Biomechanics After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Hubungan Antara Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh Pada Situasi Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has made changes in the routines of physical activity and sports carried out by students, so it is necessary to know the condition of the Body Mass Index (BMI) owned by students, especially sports students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and the condition of Body Mass Index in sports students. The research method uses a Corelational study with the side technique used, namely Total Sampling. The sample in this study were students of the Department of Physical Education, Jenderal Soedirman University with a total of 41 people consisting of 31 men and 10 women. The research instrument used a 24-hour Physical Activity Recall test to measure the level of physical activity and a Body Mass Index (BMI) test. Data analysis used the prerequisite test for normality and linearity, while the hypothesis test used the Chi-square test to determine whether or not there was a relationship between two variables. The results of data analysis showed that the level of physical activity carried out by students in the Covid-19 pandemic situation was in the less/low category and Body Mass Index (BMI) in the overweight or obese category. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of physical activity and Body Mass Index, meaning that the better the physical activity, the better the condition of the Body Mass Index. or normal.

A cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship between social jetlag and diet quality

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric measures of obesity and sleep qualities in individuals with/without social jetlag (SJL). In addition, it was aimed to compare the energy, macronutrient intake and diet qualities of individuals with/without SJL during school and non-school days. This study comprised 710 university students with mean age 21.58 ± 1.41 years. The presence of SJL was acknowledged if there was a difference of more than 1 hour between the middle of sleep time on school day and on non-school day. While the physical activity levels (PALs) of the individuals were determined with a 24-hour physical activity record, measurements such as waist circumference, neck circumference and body mass index were recorded for anthropometric measurements. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to determine the sleep quality of the individuals. Energy, macronutrients intake, and diet quality were calculated from the 24-h dietary recall of the individuals, and recorded for the school days and non-school days. In this study, 76% of the individuals (n = 542) were determined as exposed to SJL. Although there was no significant difference in their PALs, individuals with SJL had a higher waist (p < .05) and neck (p < .05) circumference, as well as higher body mass index (p < .05). Individuals with SJL were found to have significantly poor sleep quality (OR:1.109, p < .031) and sleep latency (OR:1.130, p < .001) after adjustment for confounding factors. When compared to school days, in the individuals with SJL, energy (p < .001), fat (p < .001), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < .001), and mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p < .001) were significantly increased; however, fiber intake (p < .001) was significantly reduced on non-school days. Although there was no significant difference in the diet quality scores between the groups on the school days, the diet quality of the individuals without SJL on non-school days was increased significantly (p < .05). In conclusion, SJL was associated with sleep loss, increased body mass index, and lowered diet quality in university students.

Relationships between components of the 24-hour activity cycle and feelings of energy and fatigue in college students: A systematic review

ProblemCollege students report high levels of mental and emotional exhaustion. As part of the 24-hour activity cycle (24-HAC), sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), and physical activity are health habits that may exert independent and interactive effects on daily aspects of wellbeing and health in this cohort. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence on relationships between the individual components of the 24-HAC and feelings of energy and fatigue among college students. MethodThree databases were searched using terms related to sleep, SED, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), energy, fatigue, and college students. Peer-reviewed, primary studies published in English using valid and reliable measures were included. ResultsFifty-two unique studies were identified for inclusion. Sleep quality and quantity are likely positively associated with feelings of energy and negatively associated with feelings of fatigue; however, studies on LIPA and SED were less common leading to inconclusive findings. Most studies reported on associations between MVPA and feelings of energy or fatigue and indicate positive and negative relationships, respectively. ConclusionsTo date, most research has focused on relationships between MVPA and feelings of energy and fatigue. More research is needed to further characterize relationships between the other behavioral components and these outcomes of interest. Additionally, future research should include measurements of all four behavioral components within the framework of the 24-HAC to more fully elucidate how these behaviors interact to impact feelings of energy and fatigue in college students.