24-Hour Movement Guidelines For Children Research Articles

Identifying Risk Profiles for Nonadherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth 6 Months Into the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purposes of the current study were to identify risk profiles for nonadherence among children and youth (5-17y) at the 6-month mark of the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss similarities and differences between risk profiles identified in the current study and those identified at the 1-month mark of the pandemic. Data were part of a nationally representative sample of 1143 parents (Mage = 43.07y, SD = 8.16) of children and youth (5-17y) living in Canada. Survey data were collected in October 2020. Results showed that 3.8% met all movement behavior recommendations, 16.2% met the physical activity recommendation, 27% met the screen time recommendation, and 63.8% met the sleep recommendation. Characteristics associated with nonadherence to all movement behaviors included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time and decreased overall time spent outdoors. Characteristics associated with nonadherence to the physical activity and screen time recommendations included youth (12-17y), low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, decreased time spent outdoors, and increased screen time. Results emphasized the importance of parental perceived capability to restrict screen time and children's and youth's outdoor time and showed that pandemic-related factors have impacted children and youth differently.

24-hour movement guidelines and weight status among preschool-aged children in Bangladesh: A community-level cross-sectional study.

Increasing levels of urbanization and digitization in Bangladesh may be adversely associated with children's weight status and related movement behaviors. This study examined the prevalence of obesity, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep among young children from a district town in northern Bangladesh and identified factors associated with unhealthy weight status. Population-based cross-sectional study involving all kindergarten schools in Jamalpur District town. Schools and children aged 4-7 years were randomly selected and had their weight and height measured. Mothers completed a questionnaire on their child's PA, recreational screen time, and sleep and sociodemographic factors. Children's weight status was based on World Health Organization (WHO) categories. Meeting the PA recommendation was based on the WHO guidelines for children and adolescents, and meeting the sedentary behavior and sleep recommendations was based on the Canadian/Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and young people. A total of 585 children and their parents were included in the study. Overall, 15% of children were overweight or obese. Three-quarters of children met the sleep guideline, and 50% met the PA guideline. Less than one third of children (31%) met the recreational screen time guideline, whereas 15% met all three guidelines. However, when adjusted for all predictors in the model, maternal education, family income, and child's age were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Children with higher maternal education level were 2.3 times (AOR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.19-4.78) more likely to be overweight/obese. Children in families with a higher monthly income had 1.9 times (AOR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.35) higher risk of being overweight/obese. Prioritizing maternal education (mother-centric interventions) can help address the high levels of childhood obesity in Bangladesh.

Association Between 24-Hour Movement Guideline and Physical, Verbal, and Relational Forms of Bullying Among Chinese Adolescents.

The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommends specific guidance in physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. The current research will further explore potential exposures between healthy movement and being involved in a bullying incident as a bully or a victim in a representative sample of adolescents in China. A total of 67 821 Chinese students (response rate = 98.4%) were included in this study (mean age = 13.04 years). The results showed that meeting sleep recommendation only, meeting screen time recommendation only, and meeting both these two recommendations might be protective factors against being bullied or bullying others. Meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendation only reported higher odds of being victims in all forms of bullying while meeting both MVPA and another combination of the guideline would relate to lower odds of being a bully and a bully-victim in all forms of bullying involvement.

Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines: Their relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundCanada's and Australia's 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth provide daily recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep for optimal health. Previous studies have examined the associations between meeting these 24-hour movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among children without disabilities. Less is known about potential associations between the 24-hour movement behaviors and the weight status of children with disabilities.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e. ≥ 60 min of Moderate-to-vigorous activity [MVPA] per day, ≤ 2 h of recreational ST per day, and 9–11 h of sleep for those aged 5–13 years [or 8–10 h for children aged 14–17 years]), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with overweight and obesity in Chinese children with ASD. MethodParticipants were 99 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 7–17 years old recruited from one Chinese special school. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour wrist-worn accelerometer. ST was reported by parents by using reliable and valid items derived from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (Chinese version). A series of binary logical regression analyses were performed for analysis. ResultsOnly 16.2% met all the three movement behavior recommendations. The proportions of children with ASD who met the recommendation for PA, ST, and sleep were 32.3%, 52.5%, and 65.7%, respectively. The children with ASD who met the MVPA (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.94), MVPA + Sleep (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.81), and all three 24-hour movement guidelines (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77), had significantly lower odds ratios for overweight/obesity than those who did not meet the respective recommendations. ConclusionsMeeting the MVPA, MVPA + Sleep, and all three of the guidelines was associated with lower odds ratios for overweight and obesity in children with ASD, and MVPA was the single most important activity for weight control among this population. Therefore, meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines, especially the MVPA guideline should be considered an effective intervention and can inform the design of strategies and policies for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children with ASD.

Exploring attention to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth using eye-tracking: A randomized control trial.

The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth ("Guidelines") not only pioneered the notion of an integrated movement continuum from sleep to vigorous-intensity physical activity but also introduced a new branded Guideline visual identity. This study evaluated youths' (N = 46) attention to and thoughts about the Guidelines and the brand. A cross-sectional between-participants randomized intervention design was used. Canadian youth between 10 and 17 years of age comprised the study sample. Participants were randomly assigned to view either branded Guidelines (n = 26) or unbranded Guidelines (n = 20). Youths' eye-movements (e.g., dwell time, fixation count) were recorded during Guideline viewing. Participants completed a follow-up survey assessing brand perceptions and Guideline cognitions. The branded Guidelines neither drew greater overall attention nor led to more positive brand perceptions or Guideline cognitions compared to the unbranded Guidelines. Exploratory analyses provide valuable, yet preliminary insight into how branding and Guideline content may shape how Guidelines are perceived and acted upon. These findings inform an agenda for future health education resources.

Prevalence and trends in Australian adolescents\u2019 adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines: findings from a repeated national cross-sectional survey

Background24-hour movement guidelines recommend a healthy balance of high levels of physical activity, low levels of sedentary behaviour and appropriate sleep duration each day. At present, surveillance data on how Australian adolescents are performing against these guidelines are lacking. This study aims to describe the extent to which Australian secondary school students are adhering to the physical activity, sedentary recreational screen time and sleep duration recommendations outlined in the national 24-hour movement guidelines for children and young people. It also examines whether there are socio-demographic differences in levels of compliance and if there have been significant changes in these behaviours over time.MethodsA repeated national cross-sectional survey of students in grades 8 to 11 (ages 12-17 years) was conducted in 2009-2010 (n=13,790), 2012-2013 (n=10,309) and 2018 (n=9,102). Students’ self-reported physical activity, screen time and sleep behaviours were assessed using validated instruments administered in schools via a web-based questionnaire.ResultsIn 2018, around one in four students (26%) did not meet any of the 24-hour movement guidelines, while only 2% of students met all three. Adherence to the sleep duration recommendation was highest (67%), with substantially smaller proportions of students meeting the physical activity (16%) and screen time (10%) recommendations. Differences in adherence by sex, grade level and socio-economic area were apparent. Students’ compliance with the screen time recommendation has declined over time, from 19% in 2009-2010 to 10% in 2018. However, there has been no significant change in the proportion meeting the physical activity (15% in 2009-2010 cf. 16% in 2018) and sleep duration (69% in 2009-2010 cf. 67% in 2018) recommendations. Compliance with all three guidelines has remained very low (<3%) across each survey round.ConclusionsThere is considerable scope to improve Australian adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behaviours in line with the national 24-hour movement guidelines. Policy proposals and environmental interventions, particularly those focused on replacing sedentary screen time with physical activity (e.g. promotion of active commuting to/from school), are needed to better support Australian adolescents in meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines.

A collaborative approach to adopting/adapting guidelines. The Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for children (5-12 years) and young people (13-17 years): An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep

BackgroundIn 2018, the Australian Government updated the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Young People. A requirement of this update was the incorporation of a 24-hour approach to movement, recognising the importance of adequate sleep. The purpose of this paper was to describe how the updated Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Young People (5 to 17 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were developed and the outcomes from this process.MethodsThe GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach was used to develop the guidelines. A Leadership Group was formed, who identified existing credible guidelines. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth best met the criteria established by the Leadership Group. These guidelines were evaluated based on the evidence in the GRADE tables, summaries of findings tables and recommendations from the Canadian Guidelines. We conducted updates to each of the Canadian systematic reviews. A Guideline Development Group reviewed, separately and in combination, the evidence for each behaviour. A choice was then made to adopt or adapt the Canadian recommendations for each behaviour or create de novo recommendations. We then conducted an online survey (n=237) along with three focus groups (n=11 in total) and 13 key informant interviews. Stakeholders used these to provide feedback on the draft guidelines.ResultsBased on the evidence from the Canadian systematic reviews and the updated systematic reviews in Australia, the Guideline Development Group agreed to adopt the Canadian recommendations and, apart from some minor changes to the wording of good practice statements, maintain the wording of the guidelines, preamble, and title of the Canadian Guidelines. The Australian Guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for a healthy day (24-hours), integrating physical activity, sedentary behaviour (including limits to screen time), and sleep for children (5-12 years) and young people (13-17 years).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is only the second time the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach has been used to develop movement behaviour guidelines. The judgments of the Australian Guideline Development Group did not differ sufficiently to change the directions and strength of the recommendations and as such, the Canadian Guidelines were adopted with only very minor alterations. This allowed the Australian Guidelines to be developed in a shorter time frame and at a lower cost. We recommend the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach, especially if a credible set of guidelines that was developed using the GRADE approach is available with all supporting materials. Other countries may consider this approach when developing and/or revising national movement guidelines.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among Japanese elementary and junior high school students

Abstract Background For optimal health benefits, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (aged 5-17 years) recommend an achievement of ≥ 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), &amp;lt;2 h of recreational screen time (ST), and 9-11 h for 5-13 years or 8-10 h for 14-17 years of sleep time (SLT) each day. There is little evidence showing the proportion of the recommendation in Japan, so we need to investigate. The aim of this study thus was to reveal the compliance to the recommendation with a large sample of Japanese elementary and junior high school children. Methods This study included 2408 students enrolled in fifth grade (aged 10-11 years) in 31 elementary schools, and 4360 students enrolled in eighth grade (aged 13-14 years) in 30 junior high schools. Each behaviour was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. To analyze the differences in adherence to the recommendation between the school-aged group, we conducted a chi-analysis. Results Overall, only 4% of participants complied with all three recommendations, and 20% of the students did not comply with any of the recommendations (χ2=1390.87;p&amp;lt;.001). Compared with MVPA and ST, SLT had a trend to be likely to achieve the recommendation in each school-age group. Elementary school students had a higher percentage of non-adherence to all recommendations (39%) than junior high school students (10.3%). The adherence to the recommendation of the ST &amp; SLT simultaneously had no differences in each age group (11.5% for elementary schoolers and 12.7% for junior high schoolers). However, adherence to the recommendation of MVPA only, ST only, and MVPA &amp; ST were higher in elementary schoolers, and the adherence to the recommendation of SLT only and MVPA &amp; SLT were higher in junior high schoolers. Conclusions The proportion of adherence to at least one of the three recommendations is better in junior high school students than elementary school students in Okinawa, Japan. Key messages Health behaviour required improvement may differ by age group. It is necessary for particularly elementary school children in Okinawa to take proper countermeasures to improve the movement behaviours.

The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines and self-rated physical and mental health among adolescents.

The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth recommend a minimum of 60min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2h/day of recreational screen time, and 8-11h/night of sleep depending on age. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of meeting combinations of these recommendations with self-rated physical and mental health. This study used data from the 2017 (n = 5739) and 2019 (n = 6960) cycles of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS), a biennially repeated cross-sectional study of Ontario students in grades 7 through 12. Multivariable ordered logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnoracial background, subjective socio-economic status, and body mass index z-scores. Similar patterns were seen in the 2017 and 2019 samples. Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, meeting different combinations of recommendations in the 2019 sample was associated with positive self-rated physical and mental health. A dose-response gradient between the number of recommendations met and self-rated physical (p < 0.001) and mental (p < 0.001) health was observed, with meeting one (AOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.58-2.09), two (AOR: 3.54; 95% CI: 2.98-4.22), or three recommendations (AOR: 6.34; 95% CI: 4.46-9.02) being increasingly associated with positive self-rated physical health compared with meeting none; and meeting one (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.33-1.71), two (AOR: 2.70; 95% CI: 2.31-3.17), or three recommendations (AOR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.57-4.98) being increasingly associated with positive self-rated mental health compared with meeting none. Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines is associated with better self-rated physical and mental health among adolescents.

Systematic Review of the Relationships between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children from Arab-Speaking Countries.

The Australian and Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth synthesized studies in English and French or other languages (if able to be translated with Google translate) and found very few studies published in English from Arabic countries that examined the relationship between objectively measured sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep and physical activity (PA) and health indicators in children aged 5–12 years. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in school-aged children from Arab-speaking countries. Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for English, French and Arabic studies (written in English), while Saudi Digital Library, ArabBase, HumanIndex, KSUP, Pan-Arab Academic Journal, e-Marefa, Al Manhal eLibrary and Google Scholar were searched for Arabic studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence for each health indicator. A total of 16 studies, comprising 15,346 participants from nine countries were included. These studies were conducted between 2000 and 2019. In general, low levels of PA and sleep and high SB were unfavourably associated with adiposity outcomes, behavioural problems, depression and low self-esteem. Favourable associations were reported between sleep duration and adiposity outcomes. SB was favourably associated with adiposity outcomes, withdrawn behaviour, attention and externalizing problems. PA was favourably associated with improved self-esteem and adiposity outcomes. Further studies to address the inequality in the literature in the Arab-speaking countries to understand the role of 24-hour movement behaviours and its positive influence on health outcomes across childhood are urgently needed.

Development of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process

Objective To construct core information about physical activities of Chinese students aged 7-18 years, so as to provide a reference for impoving the level of adolescents' physical activities. Methods Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth was used as a framework, the preliminary core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years were developed based on qualitative research. Recommendations covered three scales, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. Physical activity included four subscales of frequency, intensity, duration and type, while sedentary behaviour and sleep only included one subscale. Three rounds of consultation were conducted using Delphi method. In the second round of consultation, the results of 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health were presented to experts for reference. In the third round of consultation, experts need to rank the importance of seven items of physical fitness under the physical activity type subscale by age group through analytic hierarchy process. Results Totally 25, 25, and 18 experts were consulted in three rounds respectively. The questionnaire response rates in 3 rounds were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 94.4%, respectively. The authority coefficients were 0.92, 0.93, and 0.91. The harmony coefficients were 0.63(χ2=237.10, P Conclusion The development of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7 to 18 might help improve physical activity levels and promote health of children and adolescents.

The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: Les Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents.

The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, 2 hours or less of recreational screen time per day, and 9 to 11 hours of sleep per night for 5 to 13 years old and 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 to 17 years old. This study examined the association between meeting these guidelines and psychological distress among adolescents. The present cross-sectional sample included 6,364 students aged 11 to 20 years from the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This provincially representative school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first conducted to confirm the factor structure of the K6, and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, and body mass index z-score was used to investigate the association between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and K6 factors among adolescents. The CFA demonstrated that a 2-factor model (representing anxiety and depressive symptoms) of the K6 fit the data well. The anxiety and depression items demonstrated a composite reliability (Cronbach's α) of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Compared to meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower anxiety (β = -0.076; P = 0.028) and depressive symptoms (β = -0.067; P = 0.028). Meeting the screen time + sleep duration recommendations had the strongest association with anxiety (β = -0.157; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = -0.139; P < 0.001), followed by meeting the sleep duration recommendation only for both anxiety (β = -0.135; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = -0.106; P < 0.001). Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and these associations appear mainly driven by meeting the sleep duration recommendation.

24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors Among Youth

PurposeThe Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, ≤2 hours of recreational screen time per day, and 9–11 hours of sleep per night for 5–13 years old) are associated with better physical health, but less is known about how these behaviors are related to mental health. This study examined the association of meeting these guideline recommendations with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among youth. MethodsA large and broadly representative cross-sectional sample of 9- to 11-year-old U.S. youth (N = 11,875) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study was analyzed. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were measured using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Associations were examined using negative binomial regression adjusted for several confounders. ResultsCompared to meeting none of the recommendations, meeting recommendations for screen time and sleep but not physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence ratio of total, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors. Meeting two or all three recommendations was more strongly associated with these outcomes than meeting one recommendation or none. The prevalence ratio of the group meeting all three recommendations was .77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .68–.86) for total problem scores, .78 (95% CI: .68–.89) for internalizing problem scores, and .79 (95% CI: .68–.91) for externalizing problem scores. ConclusionsMeeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with a lower risk of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth. These associations were mainly explained by meeting the screen time and sleep duration recommendations.

A cross-sectional examination of the 24-hour movement behaviours in Canadian youth with physical and sensory disabilities

BackgroundCanada’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth provide daily recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep for optimal health. The appropriateness of such guidelines for youth with disabilities remains unknown. ObjectiveTo cross-sectionally examine the 24-h movement behaviours and guideline adherence in youth (ages 12–21 years) with physical and sensory disabilities. Methods54 youth with physical and sensory disabilities completed two, 24-h recalls to assess PA, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze behavioural patterns and guideline adherence. Gender and age differences were tested using analyses of variance and logistic regressions. Results55.5%, 13.0%, and 53.7% of the sample met the individual guidelines for PA, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, respectively. 3.7% of the sample met all three movement guidelines. No significant gender or age differences in guideline achievement were found. Over a 24-h period, youth spent 77 (59) minutes engaging in moderate to vigorous PA, 252 (120) minutes engaging in sedentary activity, and 546 (90) minutes sleeping. Boys reported significantly more time (adjusted Mdifference = 11 min) playing passive video games than girls. ConclusionOverall, our sample of youth with physical and sensory disabilities falls far short of meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. The low proportion of youths’ time spent engaging in sport and active play is concerning, highlighting the importance of creating access to these types of PA experiences for this population. Future population-based research is needed among children and youth with all types of disabilities to build an evidence-base of their movement behaviours.

Associations between the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines and different types of bullying involvement among adolescents

BackgroundThe Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend ≥60 min of physical activity per day, ≤2 h of recreational screen time per day, and 9−11 hours of sleep per night for 11–13 years old and 8−10 hours per night for 14–17 years old. ObjectiveThis study examined the association between combinations of these recommendations and school bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among adolescents. Participants and SettingA total of 5615 Canadian students (mean age = 15.2 years) who participated in the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) self-reported their physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and their involvement in bullying. MethodsLogistic regression analyses were adjusted for important covariates. ResultsMeeting the screen time recommendation alone was associated with lower odds of being a victim (OR: 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.46−0.88) or a bully (OR: 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.43−0.96) at school and a victim of cyberbullying (OR: 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.49−0.91). Meeting both the screen time and sleep duration recommendations was associated with lower odds of being a bully (OR: 0.51; 95 % CI: 0.30−0.88). Meeting all 3 recommendations showed stronger associations (i.e. lowest risk) with being a victim of school bullying (OR: 0.32; 95 % CI: 0.19−0.54), a bully-victim (OR: 0.25; 95 % CI: 0.08−0.78) or a victim of cyberbullying (OR: 0.37; 95 % CI: 0.17−0.84). ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that meeting the 24 -h movement guidelines is associated with lower odds of bullying involvement. Encouraging adherence to the 24 -h movement guidelines could be a good behavioural target to prevent involvement in both school bullying and cyberbullying.

Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration: Combined associations with psychosocial health among Canadian children and youth.

Canada recently adopted the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (24-Hour Guidelines) for young people aged 5 to 17 years-an international first, providing integrated recommendations for physical activity, sedentary time and sleep. Since the release of the guidelines, very few studies have examined the associations of adherence to the 24-Hour Guidelines with health outcomes-and none focus on psychosocial health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the associations of meeting the 24-Hour Guidelines and their behaviour-specific recommendations with psychosocial health among Canadian children and youth. This cross-sectional study included 4,250 children and youth aged 5 to 17 years with valid accelerometer data. The study data were collected from 2009 to 2015 with the Canadian Health Measures Survey and pooled. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was measured using accelerometers; screen time, sleep duration and measures of psychosocial health were self- or proxy-reported. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of meeting individual or different combined recommendations from the 24-Hour Guidelines with psychosocial health. There was low overall adherence to all three 24-Hour Guidelines recommendations, especially among youth (children: 13.9%, youth: 4.8%). Meeting two or more of the recommendations was associated with higher odds of positive psychosocial health among youth (odds ratio [OR] = 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-8.19). Sleep duration and screen time were strongly associated with social behaviour and psychosocial health among Canadian youth. Adherence to the 24-Hour Guidelines was significantly associated with better psychosocial health among Canadian youth.

An Experimental Application of the Brand Equity Pyramid Using a Healthy Movement Product Brand

Background: The brand equity pyramid is a theory that explains how people develop a relationship with a brand. Although the theory has received some support, few studies have tested it using a product brand, and no study has experimentally tested the theory. Research Question: The study tested whether brand equity pyramid variables pertaining to a health behavior promotion product brand (the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth) can be experimentally manipulated. The first objective was to examine whether brand equity of the guidelines would be higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The second objective was to explore whether parental attitudes and intentions toward support, support behaviors, and parent-perceived child behavior would be higher in the intervention group compared to the control. Method: Using an online survey platform in Canada, all participants first viewed the guidelines. Participants in the intervention group were then presented with a video targeting key brand equity variables, whereas the control group received no video. Participants were 161 Canadian parents ( M age = 38.17, SD = 7.33 years) with a child 5–12 years of age. Measurements of brand equity and behavioral variables were taken at Time 1 (immediately post-intervention) and 2 weeks later at Time 2. Results: The intervention group had greater brand awareness than the control group and also showed a more positive attitude toward ensuring their child is less sedentary. However, generally, the 1-time intervention had limited effects. Recommendations for Research or Practice: This study indicates that a single exposure to stimuli targeting brand equity constructs can enhance awareness and some proximal cognitions. Future studies should examine whether repeated exposures to brand advertisements result in change in more important, distal variables such as brand loyalty and actual behavior. Limitations: This study lacked a true baseline measurement time point, there was only one exposure to brand stimuli, and parent-perceived child behavior was measured rather than behavior reported by the children themselves.

24-hour movement guidelines and suicidality among adolescents

BackgroundThe 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth recommend ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤2 h/day of screen time, 9-11 h/night of sleep for 11-13 years and 8-10 h/night for 14-17 years. The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between meeting combinations of the recommendations contained within the 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and test whether age and gender moderate these associations. MethodsData on 10,183 students were obtained from the 2015-2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a representative cross-sectional survey of Ontario students in grades 7-12 (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.8] years). ResultsSuicidal ideation and suicide attempts were reported by 13.1% and 3.3% of students, respectively. Meeting individual recommendations or combinations of recommendations were differentially associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts between adolescent boys and girls and younger and older (three-way interactions statistically significant for both outcomes). Meeting all 3 recommendations was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09 – 0.69) and suicide attempts (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02 – 0.41) among boys aged 15 to 20 years, but not those aged 11 to 14 years nor girls in both age groups. LimitationsThe cross-sectional nature of the data precludes causal inferences and there is possibility of bias related to self-reports. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines among adolescents is related to lower odds of suicidality in older boys.

Sleep duration and blood pressure in Spanish children with obesity

AbstractIntroduction:Hypertension is a public health problem and its prevalence in children is on the rise, often continuing into adulthood and increasing the risk related cardiovascular complications. Sleep plays an essential role in children's growth and several studies suggest that insufficient sleep duration is associated with hypertension in adults. However, few studies have evaluated this association in children. Thus, the aim of the study is to ascertain whether the sleep duration is a risk factor for elevated blood pressure (BP) in children.Methods:We studied 776 children (5–18 years old), (46.7% male, 78.8% 5–13 years, 73.6% overweight/obesity). Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BP was measured with an electronic manometer to find a 25.3% of children with an elevated systolic BP (SBP, &gt; P90th) and 14% with an elevated diastolic BP (DBP, &gt; P90th) (Task Force 2017). Sleep duration was assessed by asking the parents “¿How many hours does your child sleep in a typical weekday?”. Weekday sleep hours were considered since they are more representative of children's routines than weekend hours. Hours were converted into a dichotomous variable based on the fulfillment or not of the “Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommendations”: 9–11 hours for 5- to 13-year-olds; 8–10 hours for 14- to 17-year-olds.A spearman correlation analysis was performed between sleep duration, SBP and DBP. Then, a general linear model analysis adjusted for BMI Z-score was done to evaluate differences in SBP and DBP between children following the sleep recommendations. Analyses were stratified by sex and age range (5–13 and 14–17).Results:In girls 5–13 years, we found a significant negative correlation between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.226, p = 0.000) and between sleep and systolic BP (r = -0.188, p = 0.001). Girls 5–13 years not following sleep recommendations showed significantly higher SBP values than those who followed the recommendations (112 ± 11 mmHg vs. 106 ± 12 mmHg, p = 0.007), independently of BMI. No significant differences were observed in girls 14–17 years nor in males.Discussion:In the present study, we show that girls 5–13 years with shorter sleep duration show increased SBP values independently of BMI, in contrast to previous studies which showed similar associations that disappeared when adjusting for BMI. Our results support the need for wider strategies in population education so that sleep recommendations are followed by children in the general population.

Parental support of the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: prevalence and correlates

BackgroundTo explore the prevalence of parental support for meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, identify key interactive support profiles among the four movement behaviors, and investigate subsequent sociodemographic and social cognitive correlates of these profiles.MethodsA sample of Canadian parents (N = 1208) with children aged 5 to 17 years completed measures of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and support of the four child movement behaviors via questionnaire. Differences in the proportion of parents supporting these four health behaviors were explored and demographic and social cognitive (attitude and perceived control) correlates of combinations of parental support for the four health behaviors were evaluated.ResultsChild and youth sleep behavior had the highest parental support (73%) and moderate to vigorous physical activity support had the lowest prevalence (23%). Interactive profiles of the four movement behaviors yielded six primary clusters and comprised wide variation from parents who supported none of these behaviors (19%), to parents who supported all four behaviors (14%). These profiles could be distinguished by the age of the child (younger children had higher support) and the gender of the parent (mothers provided more support), as well as constructs of the TPB, but TPB cognitions were more specific predictors of each health behavior rather than general predictors of aggregate health behavior clusters.ConclusionsTeenagers and fathers may represent key targets for parental support intervention of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Intervention content may need to comprise the underlying foundations of attitude and perceived behavioral control to change parental support while considering the unique features of each health behavior to maximize related intervention effectiveness.