21st Century Learning Research Articles

PENERAPAN 4C SKILLS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Elementary schools play an important role in developing students' understanding and skills. Therefore, the transformation of elementary schools is very important to produce a critical, creative and innovative generation capable of facing the challenges of the 21st century. The purpose of this research is to determine the application of 4C skills (Critical Thinking Skills, Creativity and Innovation Skills, Communication Skills, Collaboration Skills) in teachers' teaching in 21st century learning at SD Negeri Serang 20. The research method uses qualitative methods by conducting structured interviews. The target respondents were all 10 teachers of SD Negeri Serang 20. The results of the research show that the respondents have integrated 4C skills into the curriculum and daily learning activities.

An Exploration of The Effect of Teacher’s Positive Reinforcement and Punishment towards Young Learner’s Motivation in 21st Century Learning

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of teachers' positive reinforcement and punishment on young learners' motivation in 21st-century learning environments. A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing a survey distributed to primary school students across various regions. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques to identify the relationship between the variables. The findings revealed that positive reinforcement significantly enhances student motivation, whereas punishment negatively affects it. The discussion highlights the implications of these results in the context of modern educational practices, where fostering motivation is crucial for young learners' engagement and success. The study concludes that teachers should emphasize positive reinforcement strategies over punishment to create a conducive learning atmosphere. The implications suggest that educational policymakers and practitioners should consider integrating positive behavioral approaches in the curriculum to promote student motivation effectively.

Implementation of Project-Based Learning Model to Improve Students' Collaboration Skills: Literature Review

Collaboration skills are one of the important skills in 21st-century learning, especially in supporting students to work together to achieve common goals. This article examines the effectiveness of project-based learning models (Project Based Learning or PjBL) in improving students' collaboration skills through a literature review of several relevant studies. This study is a literature review that collects theoretical references related to the problems found. The data in this study were obtained through a literature study, namely a way of collecting data or sources related to research topics from scientific articles searched through Google Scholar over the last 10 years sourced from Google Scholar. The data was analyzed using a descriptive analysis method, which describes facts followed by analysis, providing sufficient understanding and explanation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of PjBL not only improves collaboration but also encourages creativity and social skills of students. Challenges faced in the implementation of PjBL include the need for teacher training, time management, and management of group dynamics. However, the PjBL model has proven effective in creating an interactive learning process and supporting the achievement of academic and non-academic outcomes.

Social Mobile Learning with 21st Century Learning for Thailand Education 4.0

The Thailand 4.0 initiative aims to transform the country into a digital economy, with education reform being a crucial component. Social mobile learning has the potential to support this transformation. However, engagement with social mobile learning varies among different groups. This paper examines the relationship between education reform, the Thailand 4.0 initiative, and social mobile learning. It explores the challenges of communication for sustainability, the importance of reflection in understanding complexity, the role of design thinking in teaching sustainability, and examples of teaching for sustainable development within the context of Thailand 4.0 and social mobile learning. The study's findings suggest that while social mobile learning can support education reform and the Thailand 4.0 initiative, effective engagement varies. Incorporating sustainable development teaching into Thailand 4.0's education system can help promote a culture of sustainability.

Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dengan Metode Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Media Gambar Fase E Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Raya Kabupaten Kubu Raya

Education in Indonesia aims to create a learning environment that supports the development of students' potential, including spiritual, intellectual, moral, and skills aspects. Although education has an important role in human resource development. In response to this challenge, the Independent Curriculum was introduced to restore learning affected by the pandemic, providing flexibility to educational units in adjusting the curriculum according to student needs. However, the achievement of learning achievement in Catholic Religious Education (PAK) at SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Raya is still less than optimal, mainly due to monotonous learning methods. This study proposes the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method as an alternative to improve student motivation and achievement. This study involved 9 students of class X FASE E, data was obtained through observation of activities and final tests for each cycle. This study aims to determine whether PBL assisted by image media can improve student learning motivation and how effective its application is in learning. The results are expected to show that students are more motivated and understand PAK material better. This is in accordance with the demands of 21st century learning which requires critical thinking skills, creativity, collaboration, and good communication.

The Relationship of Achievement Goal Orientations and 21st Century Skills Acquisition with the Entrepreneurship of Pre-Service Teachers.

Teachers' goal orientations and their adaptation to the 21st century determine many questions in teacher training and professional development. One of these aspects is entrepreneurship, such that the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers have a positive role in entrepreneurship. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive role of the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers in relation to entrepreneurship. To this end, a correlational design was conducted to analyze relationships between variables. The sample in the current study consisted of 282 pre-service teachers studying at a Faculty of Education in Anatolia Province, Turkey. The instruments were the Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, 21st Century Learning Skills Acquisition Scale, and The Scale of Entrepreneurship of College Students. The data obtained from these scales were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the structural model of the relationships between achievement goal orientations, 21st century skills, and entrepreneurship had an adequate goodness of fit, so that most of the achievement goal orientations and 21st century skills of pre-service teachers predicted either directly or indirectly their entrepreneurship skills. The conclusion was that entrepreneurial education activities related to teacher entrepreneurship can be planned by considering 21st century skills and achievement goal orientations in teacher education.

The TPACK Physics Learning Video: Forming 21st Century Skills in Physics Learning

Abstract The 21st century learning process in schools emphasizes soft skills. To support the learning process in schools, learning videos are needed that present physics content in a learning process. This article publishes the results of research and development of physics learning videos. This physics learning video presents physics learning in stages that train creativity and critical thinking skills. The physics content is a Static Fluid presented with the TPACK framework. This physics learning video uses Lee & Owens research and development stages. Product feasibility is assessed using a questionnaire by experts. The components assessed are the suitability of physics content, the suitability of the learning process, the suitability of physics learning media on static fluid concepts. Sequentially, it received an assessment of 95.0% for physics content, 98.0% for the learning process, 100.0% for video media. The implementation of TPACK for the learning process in learning video products has made it easier for students to practice their critical thinking skills and increase their creativity.

The Practice ofHeutagogy, Peeragogy andCybergogy Approach among Vocational College Instructors

This study investigates the implementation levels of Heutagogy, Peeragogy, and Cybergogy approaches among instructors at vocational colleges in Malaysia. Employing a quantitative survey research design, data were collected from a sample of 241instructors across 15 vocational colleges, representing various Technology fields such as Automotive, Electrical, Electronic, Construction, Welding, Industrial Machining, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, and Computer Systems & Network Technology. The sample was selected using a cluster stratified convenientsampling method.Demographic information, including gender, age, race, institutional zone, vocational college, program, experience, qualification, certificate, and class, was gathered. A structured questionnaire comprising 53 items served as the primary data collection instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software to derive frequency values, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to identify differences in the implementation of Heutagogy, Peeragogy, and Cybergogy approaches among the instructors.The findings indicate a high level of implementation for Heutagogy and Peeragogy approaches, while the Cybergogy approach is practiced at a moderate level. Significant differences were observed in the implementation of these approaches based on the instructors’ fields and teaching experience. To enhance the practice of Cybergogy, it is recommended that vocational college administrations provide training workshops or courses to improve the teachingskills of their academic stafffor 21stcentury learning environment.

Utilization of Computer-Based Testing Technology to Optimize Cognitive-Based Assessment Literacy in the Learning of Islamic Elementary School Students

The focus of 21st-century learning is on developing students' critical thinking, real-world application of knowledge, mastery of information technology, communication, and collaboration skills. Therefore, it is important to integrate information technology into the learning process and assessment of learning outcomes. This research aims to explore how Computer-Based Testing (CBT) can enhance the quality of cognitive assessment procedures based on literacy and improve learning evaluations for students at Islamic Elementary School. This study adopted a qualitative case study design and was conducted at Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 East Jakarta in the second semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The researcher used interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection methods. The findings of this research show that literacy-based cognitive assessment using CBT can optimize the quality of learning evaluation. Teachers and students are accustomed to using information and communication technology devices in learning activities. There are five stages of the procedure in literacy-based cognitive assessment using CBT to optimize the quality of learning evaluation, including the planning stage, item question development stage, validation stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. The investigative conducting procedure truly optimizes the quality of learning evaluation. Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 utilizes CBT, which has literacy-based characteristics. CBT used in learning evaluation is equipped with meaningful stimuli and various forms of questions. The questions in CBT are made as similar as possible to the national assessment questions. The educational report results in the 2023 national assessment, especially in the cognitive domain, have shown improvement. The literacy and numeracy skills of students at Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 have achieved good and moderate results. Both have obtained top rankings nationally.

Effectiveness of STEM Learning Model and Project-Based Learning to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills in Senior High School

STEM and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning models have been applied to support 21st century learning. However, no empirical evidence has been found to reveal the combined effectiveness of the two models. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM, Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and lecture learning models in improving critical thinking skills. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Ternate City, North Maluku Province, involving 64 students divided into three classes studying Indonesian natural resource management. A concurrent embedded strategy combining quantitative and qualitative data collection was used. Initial test data indicated reliability at 0.76, with normality tests for the STEM model at 0.08, the PjBL model at 0.13, and lecture learning at 0.14, all showing normally distributed data. The homogeneity test showed homogeneous data with a value of 1.097. The balance test using one-way ANOVA indicated balanced initial abilities (Fhitung 2.52 Ftabel 3.14). Results demonstrated that by applying the STEM and PjBL learning models, students achieved proficiency in critical thinking skills. Final test data, including normality tests, one-way unequal ANOVA, and post-ANOVA tests, showed significant improvement in critical thinking skills. The STEM model and PjBL model were both effective with no significant differences between them, while both differed significantly from the lecture learning model. The results suggest that both STEM and PjBL models are effective in enhancing critical thinking skills. To address the shortcomings of traditional lecture methods, educators should consider integrating STEM and PjBL approaches into their teaching practices.

Enhancing M Enhancing mathematics problem-solving skills in AI-driven environment: Integrated SEM-neural network approach

This study explores the nexus of gamification, artificial intelligence (AI), and mathematics cognition. Sample size of 71 responded in an intervention using game-based learning (GBL) approach. The purpose of designing the GBL was to enhance computational thinking and mathematical skills. The research employed multigroup partial least squares structural equation modelling (MGA-PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) through multilayer perceptron (MLP) as data analysis technique. The findings showed significant positive influence on class engagement, attitudes toward mathematics, as well as student performance. The analysis also revealed gender-related variations, which affirmed the model's consistency across diverse groups. The study validated the hypothesis and consequently advocated for the transformative potential of gamification, in preparation of 21st-century learners for AI-driven digital landscape. The implications are to ensure the integration of gamified elements into educational strategies, benefiting educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers resonating strongly for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers.

Effects of Game-Based Learning on Improving Grammar Skills of Grade 9 Students

As the educational system transcends to 21st-century learning, various methods in the teaching-learning process are used to motivate students, one of which is game-based learning. This study explores the effects of game-based learning in improving the grammar skills of grade 9 students at Regional Science High School-III, Philippines. The results from the 1st quarter item analysis elicited the least learned competency, which allowed researchers to examine and determine the effects of game-based learning in improving the English grammar proficiency of the 143 grade 9 students, particularly in the use of modals. The study used a quasi-experimental research design, where the researchers adopted an assessment tool to determine the students’ English grammar proficiency level. The teachers assigned the experimental group with 8 game-based lessons and the control group who experienced the traditional lessons. The researchers used a paired sample t-test using the Jamovi software. The study found that there is a highly significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents before and after the integration of game-based learning lessons, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. Furthermore, for English teachers, the intervention is perceived as beneficial in improving the English grammar skills of the learners. The study presented the description of various game-based lessons and determined the respondents’ proficiency levels. It was found that students progressed from being developing proficient to proficient when game-based lessons were applied. Thus, game-based learning is effective as it also makes the learning environment fun, conducive, exciting, and learner-centered.

ANALISIS KONTEN HOTS DALAM BUKU SIMPAY BASA SUNDA KELAS VIII

The goal of 21st century learning is that students are expected to have higher order thinking skills. But in fact, students' high-level thinking skills in Indonesia are still worrying. Based on that, this study aims to understand aspects of higher order thinking and describe its application in the content contained in textbooks in schools. In analyzing and describing content that has high-level thinking content, (1) cognitive level, (2) stimulus elements, and (3) contextual elements will be analyzed. This research method uses descriptive analytic method with a qualitative approach. The techniques used in this research are documents and notes. The text book used in this study is the Simpay Basa Sunda book at the VIII grade junior high school level. The results of this study contained 413 data whose details were (1) various cognitive levels in the book there were 72.39% at level 1 (knowledge and understanding), 9.68% at level 2 (application), and 17.91% at level 3 (reasoning). (2) the stimulus elements in this book are dominated by verbal stimuli totaling 323 stimuli, then visual stimuli totaling 1 stimulus. (3) there are 114 contextual elements in this book with a percentage of 28%. It can be concluded that this book can support the development of higher-order thinking skills, and can also support the ongoing 21st century learning process. However, it must be noted that this can be developed further by increasing the content containing HOTS.

Application Of Self-Directed Problem-Based Learning To Improve Higher Order Thinking Skills In Vocational Education

21st-century Learning provides profound changes in the learning process in school because students must control their Learning to increase their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The statement above, in line with Malcolm Knowles's research results, states that Self-directed Learning can improve students' critical thinking through intuition and analysis experience. The problem is that in vocational education, students emphasize hard skills and practice. Learning 21st-century demands that students have soft competency to influence how they think in making decisions. Therefore, the researcher aims to determine the effect of the self-directed learning model on the students' higher-order thinking Skills in Vocational Education. The method used in this research is quantitative, using two groups, namely the experimental class and the control group, with 34 students in each class. Class Experiments get treatment of self-directed Problem-based Learning that has been developed, while the control class did not get this treatment. This learning model is applied to the Mechanics Technique Subject; then, the post-test learning outcomes are independent sample t-tested using SPSS to determine the significant effect on higher-order thinking skills in the transfer knowledge aspect. This study found that Self-directed Problem-based Learning positively impacts Higher-order Thinking Skills in Vocational Education, which can be seen from the t-test results more than t-table (3.807>1.668).

Gen Z' Critical Thinking Skills Empowering Using E-Worksheet with Problem-Based Learning Model on Mutation Material Assisted by Bioinformatics Database

Life in the 21st century demands graduates who can think critically, innovate, collaborate, communicate, and face the changes that occur in the global world. The demands of 21st-century learning have implications for complex learning processes, requiring students' critical thinking skills. This research aims to determine the effect of electronic worksheets (e-worksheets) assisted by bioinformatics integrated with the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model to improve students' critical thinking skills at SMA Muhammadiyah Palembang. The type of research that will be used is Research & Development research. This research is the final stage of the 4D development model. The population of this research was Muhammadiyah High Schools 1, 5, and 6 in the city of Palembang (accreditation A), and the research sample included XII students and biology teachers. Research data analysis used the SPPSS program to carry out the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, homogeneity, and Wilcoxon tests. The pretest and posttest scores were calculated using the N-Gain test. The research results showed that the overall analysis data increased students' critical thinking skills in experimental and control classes. The results of the normality test of pretest and posttest critical thinking data from the three schools showed that the data was normally distributed. Differences in data on students' critical thinking skills are also known from the sig value. 0.000 < α 0.05, which can be concluded that students' critical thinking skills are higher before and after being taught compared to classes with conventional learning.

Ethnophysics and Technology: Physics e-module integrated with local wisdom based on an Android application

21st century learning is a collaboration of technology and science that can change students' abilities from LOTS (lower order thinking skills) to HOTS (higher order thinking skills). In its application, 21st century learning is supported by teaching resources and media based on environmental phenomena and technological developments. This research aims to determine the feasibility of the physics e-module based android application that has been developed after validation testing by media experts, material experts, and learning experts. This e-module was developed to serve as an innovation in physics learning in schools to improve high school students from LOTS to HOTS abilities. This type of research is development research by applying 4D model consisting of define, design, develop and disseminate stages. At the define stage, researchers examine and analyze phenomena in schools such as curriculum, student learning styles, teacher teaching styles, learning resources and learning media used. In the design stage, researchers design the needs of students and teachers in learning such as learning modules. In the develop stage, researchers develop products for student learning needs through expert validation from lecturers and teachers. In the disminate stage, researchers apply products that have been developed in schools. The population of this study was all class X students at SMAN 5 Mataram. Sampling in this research was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The classes chosen as research samples were classes X IPA 1 and The average score from the media validation results was 4.8 with a very valid category. The average score from the learning validation results was 4.7 in the very valid category. Based on the validation results, it was concluded that the development product in the form of an integrated physics e-module with local wisdom based on an Android application was suitable for use in schools.

Validation of Interactive E-Worksheet Based on a Scientific Approach Assisted by Solar System Scope

The use of e-worksheets is important in 21st-century learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of an interactive e-worksheet based on a scientific approach with the help of Solar System Scope designed for junior high school students and focusing on solar system materials. This is crucially important because a number of challenges students face in grasping the understanding of the abstract scientific concepts, such as the solar system, which is difficult to be understood through normal teaching practices. The way this is being undertaken is through construct validity in which product evaluations are obtained from validators by researchers' developed instruments. This instrument was created using the e-worksheet feasibility indicator as the foundation. The indicators were evaluated and then grouped into five categories. The findings of the study show that the e-worksheet made is very valid. The presentation component has an average validity percentage of 94.42%, the linguistic aspect has an average validity percentage of 90%, the content element has a validity percentage of 93.75%, and the design aspect of e-worksheet also has a validity percentage of 91.67%. This shows that e-worksheet has extraordinary quality in terms of presentation, language, content, and design. The findings of this study can be used to improve the efficiency of the process of acquiring the concept of the solar system in the framework of 21st-century education.

21st Century Learning Skills, Study Habits, and the Mathematics Performance of Grade 7 Students

This study examined the study habits, 21st-century learning skills, and mathematics performance of 132 Grade 7 students at Santa Maria National High School in the 2021-2022 school year. It looked at the kids' characteristics, study habits, and 21st-century learning skills to see how they correlated with their arithmetic ability. The study used a descriptive approach with tailored questionnaires, with data evaluated using frequency count, percentage, mean, and Spearman rho. The results revealed that the majority of pupils were of the suitable age, primarily female, lived in rural areas, and had parents working in a variety of occupations. They spent 1-4 hours a day on devices, with smartphones and the Brainly app being the most popular, and books were preferred as educational tools. The survey discovered that pupils had "very good" study habits, "high" 21st-century learning skills, and a "very satisfactory" level of mathematics achievement. There were no significant relationships observed between students' profiles and their study habits or 21st-century learning skills. However, there was a substantial link found between study habits and 21st-century learning ability. Communication and creativity skills were also found to be highly connected to math achievement. The study suggests that mathematics teachers integrate various applications, create interactive materials, and use teaching approaches that promote 21st-century abilities such as communication, creativity, and critical thinking through active learning, project-based, and problem-based projects.

Adapting to the 21st Century Learning: Teaching Strategies of Filipino Sped Teachers in the United States

This study employs a narrative research methodology to explore the instructional modifications and teaching practices utilized by Filipino Special Education (SPED) teachers in the United States to meet the demands of 21st-century learning. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ten purposely selected SPED educators, key themes emerged, including technology integration, differentiated instruction, cultural sensitivity, individualized education plans (IEPs), family and community involvement, and the creation of sensory-friendly environments. Participants highlighted the importance of leveraging technology for personalized learning, implementing varied instructional strategies to accommodate diverse learning styles, and incorporating culturally relevant materials to foster inclusivity. Regular IEP reviews and active family engagement were identified as critical for enhancing student motivation and success. Additionally, creating sensory-friendly classroom environments was emphasized as essential for supporting students' sensory processing needs. The findings indicate that these multifaceted strategies not only promote academic achievement but also enhance social-emotional development and inclusivity among students with special needs. Recommendations include ongoing professional development for educators, increased parental involvement in the IEP process, and systematic reviews of instructional strategies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how Filipino SPED teachers adapt their practices in diverse contexts, ultimately informing educational policies and teacher preparation programs aimed at fostering equitable learning environments.

Informed Strategies Based on Education Research to Enhance the Learning Ecosystem.

Educational institutions must change to create a learning ecosystem that prioritizes skills crucial for the 21st-century learners in the current global context that is quickly evolving. With an emphasis on evidence-based education, global citizenship, the integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), translatory practice, active learning strategies, improved clinical placement experiences, and peer learning, this paper explores the strategies for enhancing theefficacy of learning ecosystems. These elements are essential for encouraging continuous education in students and preparing them to meet their personal and professional needs. Through the integration of these components into instructional strategies, teachers can cultivate an atmosphere that readies students for the intricacies of contemporary work environments and global citizenship.