30-meter Sprint Research Articles

Comparative Analysis Between Chinese Male And Female Judo Athletes From Amateur And Professional Level Through Various Motor Tests

The aim of this study was to examine the differences in anthropometrics and various motor skills in Chinese amateur and professional level judokas from different genders. For the investigation total of 37 athletes, amateur (male (n=10), aged 15.26±1.6), female (n=3), aged 16.27±0.7) and professional (male (n=17), female (n=7), aged 18+) Participating athletes underwent a comprehensive testing procedure, encompassing assessments for height, weight, a 30-meter sprint, 1RM Bench Press, 1RM Squat, Isometric Hold using Judogi, Ab Hold, and Biering-Sorenson Hold. The results showed that professional judokas were heavier than their amateur counterparts, and performed better in the 1RM bench press, 30-meter sprint as well as in the Ab Hold test. Overall, this study provides insight into the understanding of physical differences between amateur and professional level judokas, offering information that may have implications for further training and development of upcoming athletes in this sport.

Research on the champion physical fitness model of freestyle skiing aerials athletes in preparation for the Beijing Winter olympics

The objective of this study is to establish a champion physical fitness model of freestyle skiing aerials athletes, thereby enhancing athletes’ competitive ability and providing a reference for scientific training and monitoring in the 2026 Milan Winter Olympics. Initiated with a literature review, the study proceeded through expert interviews and questionnaire surveys to determine the physical fitness measurement items. A total of 29 elite athletes voluntarily participated in the test. Using statistical analysis, this study developed a physical fitness model based on three key aspects: indicator, weight, and quantitative models. The results indicate that the indicator model encompasses primary indicators of body morphology, physiological function, and athletic quality, along with 11 related secondary and tertiary indicators. The tertiary indicators include lean body mass, waist/height×100, lower limb length/height×100, relative maximum anaerobic power, relative maximum oxygen uptake, blood urea, 1RM barbell squat, overhead barbell squat on balance pads, side throw ball, 30-meter sprint, and 12-minute run. The weight model assigned different weight values to these indicators based on their importance in physical fitness assessments. The quantitative model, developed through factor analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression, includes the champion physical fitness characteristics model and the performance prediction model. The champion physical fitness characteristics model uses box plots to visually present the physical fitness differences between champions and other athletes, highlighting the superior physical characteristics of the champions. The performance prediction model identified training experience, relative maximum anaerobic power, 1RM barbell squat, and overhead barbell squat on balance pads as key predictive variables. This model provides forward-looking training guidance and competitive strategy recommendations for coaches and athletes.

Analysis of the relationship between upper body speed capacity and lower body strength of elite handball players specialized in winger position

Background and Study Aim. The physical demands of the winger position in elite handball require a unique combination of upper body speed and lower body strength. Therefore, identifying the optimal relationship between these two physical characteristics could improve performance for players in this role. This study aims to analyze the relationship between upper body speed capacity and lower body strength in elite handball players specializing in the winger position. Material and Methods. The study included 16 elite handball players specializing in the winger position from various teams in the National Handball League (Liga Zimbrilor). Four of these players were members of the Dinamo Bucharest team. Tests for evaluating the explosive strength of the lower limbs included the Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Counter Movement Jump with Free Arms (CMJb), and the maximum strength test (1RM) in squats. Specific technical training tests included triangular movement, a 30-meter sprint, and long-distance handball throws, focusing on speed and execution technique. Data analysis was conducted using KyPlot 6.0 software. Statistical indicators included median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and non-parametric Spearman correlation tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The results show no statistically significant differences in lower limb strength between high-performance handball players (HPHP) and those specialized in the winger position (PSW) across various jump and squat tests (p > 0.05). The Countermovement Jump (CMJ) test approached statistical significance (p = 0.084), while the CMJ with free arms (CMJb) and squat strength test did not show significant differences (p = 0.231 and p = 0.789, respectively). In the specific fitness tests, no significant differences were observed in the Triangle Movement test (p = 0.826), the 30-meter sprint (p = 0.404), or the handball throw test (p = 0.147). Correlation analysis indicated that squats and CMJb had positive correlations with improved performance in speed and distance tests, while CMJ showed a negative correlation with technical performance in agility tests. Conclusions. The findings suggest that lower limb strength and technical fitness are similar between elite handball players, regardless of specialization. This supports a unified training approach across player roles. However, targeted exercises like squats and CMJb may enhance specific performance aspects. These exercises improve dynamic strength and stability, which can benefit wingers' technical execution and speed.

The effectiveness of the physical education curriculum following the Sports Club model on the physical development of high school students in Vietnam

Background and Study Aim. The physical development of high school students is often hindered by the limitations of traditional physical education programs, which may not fully engage students or promote balanced physical growth. In light of these concerns, the need to explore alternative educational models that can enhance students' physical development has become evident. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a physical education curriculum following the Sports Club model in improving the physical development of high school students. Material and Methods. A total of 84 female 10th-grade students participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 42 students following the Sports Club model and a control group of 42 students following the current physical education curriculum. The experiment lasted for 17 weeks. Both groups completed initial and final physical fitness tests. These tests included the 30-second sit-up test (to assess core strength), the 30-meter sprint test (to measure speed), the 4 × 10-meter shuttle run test (to evaluate agility), the standing long jump test (to measure explosive leg power), and the 5-minute running field test (to assess endurance). Results. The female students in the experimental group demonstrated greater physical development compared to the control group in all five assessment tests. The experimental group showed the most significant improvement in the 30-second sit-up test, with a growth rate of 26.71%. The lowest growth was observed in the 5-minute running field test, at 9.92%. In contrast, the control group showed its highest improvement in the 30-second sit-up test, with a growth rate of 9.44%. However, there was minimal to no improvement in the 4 × 10-meter shuttle run and the 5-minute running field test for the control group. Conclusions. The Sports Club model improved students' physical fitness more effectively compared to the current curriculum, offering greater benefits in all tested areas. It is recommended that teachers further integrate and refine the implementation of the Sports Club model in future physical education programs to enhance teaching effectiveness.

The effect of a holistic approach training model on increasing the speed and agility of tennis athletes

Purpose: Physical condition is an essential element required by tennis athletes. Without proper physical conditioning, players cannot perform optimally. The physical condition of tennis athletes at Club Nusalima, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, is still not optimal, as evidenced by their low achievements this year, with no athletes ranked nationally by Pelti. Two of the most important physical conditions required by tennis players are agility and speed. Methods: This study aimed to determine the effect of a training method using a holistic approach on improving the physical condition—specifically agility and speed—of tennis athletes at Club Nusalima, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The research was conducted as an experimental study using purposive sampling, with a sample consisting of 10 young athletes aged 15-17 from the club. The research design used was a "One Group Pretest-Posttest" approach. The instruments used to collect data were the 505 Agility Test and the 20-meter sprint test for speed. Results: The data analysis technique used was the t-test with a significance level of 5%. For agility, the results showed that the t-table value was 2.26 and the t-count value was 3.26, which is greater than 2.26, indicating a significant improvement in agility. Similarly, for speed, the t-test analysis showed that the t-count value was 3.04, which was also greater than the t-table value of 2.26, confirming a significant improvement in speed. Although the improvement in agility (0.24 seconds) was greater than the improvement in speed (0.07 seconds), both metrics showed a significant positive effect from the holistic training approach. Conclusion: The holistic training method significantly improved both agility and speed in tennis athletes at Club Nusalima. Agility improved from an average of 2.81 seconds to 2.74 seconds, and speed also showed measurable improvement from 3.04 seconds to 2.96 seconds. These findings suggest that the holistic approach is an effective model for enhancing physical performance in tennis players.

Examining The Relationship Between Controlled Targeted Assessments And Flying 30-meter Sprint Performances

Examining The Relationship Between Controlled Targeted Assessments And Flying 30-meter Sprint Performances

Approximation of Sample Mean and Standard Deviation from Percentiles and Application to Reference Model for Sprint Time of Elite Soccer Players

The original goal of this project was to conduct meta-analysis and develop a reference model for 20-meter sprint time of elite soccer players with respect to age group. According to the likelihood function, we found that age-specific sample means and standard deviations are sufficient statistics. However, instead of the two sufficient statistics, the sample 10-th percentile, 90th-percentile, and quartiles were given to us. To deal with this unexpected challenge, we studied and compared methods of approximating the sample mean and standard deviation given various combinations of percentiles. Simulation studies showed that the likelihood method presented in this paper is superior when the sample 10-th percentile, 90-th percentile, and quartiles are given, and we applied the likelihood method to the meta-analysis and developed the reference model for 20-meter sprint time.

Concurrent Validity of The U21 Men's Soccer Physical Test Battery

This study aims to test the validity of the U-21 men’s soccer physical test battery. The method used in this research is an evaluation approach. Data collection techniques in this research used tests and measurements. The subjects involved in this research were U-21 male soccer athletes in Papua. The total number of subjects participating in concurrent validity testing was 31 athletes. The instruments used in this research are body mass index (BMI) to measure body composition, sit and reach to measure flexibility, 30-meter sprint to measure speed, shuttle run to measure agility, leg and back dynamometer to measure muscle strength, and standing board. jump to measure explosive power, and the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) to measure cardiovascular endurance. Validity testing uses a concurrent validity approach. The data analysis technique used in concurrent validity testing is using correlation product moment. This test is carried out by looking at the relationship between the tests on the first day and the second day. The results showed that each test item on the U-21 men’s soccer physical test battery had a calculated r value greater than the r table. Thus, it can be concluded that the U-21 Putra football physical test battery has a high validity value. Further research needs to test the reliability of the instrument to get a physical test instrument that meets the standards.

Attenuation of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness with Acute Consumption of Essential Amino Acids

Introduction: Prior studies of the acute benefits of protein supplementation have determined a benefit in improving post-exercise muscle anabolism and aiding the recovery of muscle function and performance. Previous acute protein supplement studies in post-exercise protein synthesis and anabolic intracellular signaling reported no attenuation in muscle damage or elevated muscle function. The aim of this study is to implement a specific content of essential amino acids with resistance and aerobic exercises to quantify the difference in strength, endurance, and flexibility during the delayed onset muscle soreness common with a new exercise protocol. Methods: We enrolled 42 participants (22 EAA and 20 Controls) completed an hour-long aerobic and resistance exercise protocol including flexibility, resistance, and aerobic exercises for three consecutive days. The study participants were randomly assigned to the EAA (6.6g) per day (EAA + Gatorade) group or the control (Gatorade) group. The data was analyzed in a double-blinded format. Results: Both groups improved the initial flexibility respectively throughout the three exercise days but were not significantly different (p=0.32) in the sit and reach. For the resistance/power activities, the EAA group improved in the repetitions for push-ups (p=0.014 vs 0.21) and dips (0.0002 vs 0.59) compared to the controls. The EAA group was faster although not statistically significant in the 20-meter sprint and improved in the 1.5-mile run during the third day (P=0.002 vs 0.48) compared to the control group. Conclusions: The data in the results supports that acute ingestion of the essential amino acid supplements provides increased physical performance and decreases the DOMS symptoms in sedentary participants over the three-day trial period of exercise.

The role of morphometric characteristics in predicting 20-meter sprint performance through machine learning

The aim of this study was to test the morphometric features affecting 20-m sprint performance in children at the first level of primary education using machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this study, 130 male and 152 female volunteers aged between 6 and 11 years were included. After obtaining demographic information of the participants, skinfold thickness, diameter and circumference measurements, and 20-m sprint performance were determined. The study conducted three distinct experiments to determine the optimal ML technique for predicting outcomes. Initially, the entire feature space was utilized for training the ML models to establish a baseline performance. In the second experiment, only significant features identified through correlation analysis were used for training and testing the models, enhancing the focus on relevant predictors. Lastly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the feature space, aiming to streamline model complexity while retaining data variance. These experiments collectively aimed to evaluate different feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques, providing insights into the most effective strategies for optimizing predictive performance in the given context. The correlation-based selected features (Age, Height, waist circumference, hip circumference, leg length, thigh length, foot length) has produced a minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) value of 0.012 for predicting the sprint performance in children. The effective utilization of correlation analysis in the selection of relevant features for our regression model suggests that the features selected exhibit robust linear associations with the target variable and can be relied upon as predictors.

Longitudinal analysis of physical abilities and fundamental skills among the Real Madrid Foundation UNY football players

Background and Study Aim. Physical abilities and fundamental skills are essential characteristics of football players requiring in-depth analysis, but the results of previous short-term investigations lack a comprehensive overview. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a longitudinal analysis of physical abilities and fundamental skills development, as well as the simultaneous development of both among young football players. Material and Method. This quantitative longitudinal descriptive study recruited 31 male football players aged 13-15 as participants with weights of approximately 47-60 kg and heights ranging from 146-164 cm. In addition, the instruments used to assess physical abilities included sit and reach, 30-meter sprint, vertical jump, MFT, arrowhead, as well as ball catching and throwing, while dribbling, passing, and receiving were applied for fundamental skills. Collected data were subjected to the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Post Hoc analysis performed using SPSS 23. Result. Wilcoxon test results showed that significance levels of 0.000-0.024 < 0.05 were obtained for physical abilities including flexibility, coordination, speed, power, agility, and endurance, while 0.000 < 0.05 was obtained for fundamental skills comprising shooting, dribbling, receiving, and passing. Kruskal-Wallis test results showed a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05 for both characteristics. Conclusion. The first and second-semester tests conducted for physical abilities and fundamental skills yielded significantly different results. Additionally, a simultaneous difference was observed between the physical abilities and fundamental skills explored. The second-semester tests particularly showed better results for both sets of characteristics examined among the Real Madrid Foundation UNY football players.

Development of physical test norms for early age Pencak Silat

Background and Study Aim. The evaluation serves as a cornerstone in the continuous improvement of sports, significantly relying on the analysis of measurement data. The primary objective of this research is to develop tailored norms for physical tests specifically designed for early-age Pencak Silat practitioners. Material and Methods. The development of the test consisted of several key stages: design of the instrument, testing of the instrument, and finally, assembly of the instrument. The study included a total of 210 participants, with a breakdown of 111 male and 109 female martial artists. The techniques for data collection involved a variety of tests and measurements. The instruments used in this research included: sit-and-reach test for assessing flexibility, 30-meter sprint for speed evaluation, side step test for agility, sit-ups for abdominal strength, push-ups for arm and chest strength, wall sit test for leg muscle strength, and beep test for cardiovascular endurance. Data analysis was performed using a technique that grouped values into five standard categories, aided by the use of Microsoft Excel. Results. The findings of the study led to the establishment of norms for each component of the physical tests tailored to early-age Pencak Silat practitioners. These components have been classified into five distinct levels: very poor, poor, average, good, and excellent. Conclusions. The outcomes of this research facilitate the development of specific norms for each test item, incorporating weighting for every physical test component. These weightings have been meticulously adjusted in accordance with the primary energy systems utilized in the sport of Pencak Silat.

Long-term resistance training improves speed and agility in young healthy males

This study aims to prove the effect of long-term resistance training on increasing speed and agility in young healthy males. This research method was a pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. A total of 15 young healthy males, aged 19-22 years participated in the study. Long-term resistance training was carried out with maximum intensity, and frequency 3x/week for 6 weeks. The data collection technique was carried out using test instruments, namely the 20-meter sprint test to measure speed and the Illinois agility test to measure agility. Measurement of speed and agility was carried out twice, namely pretest and posttest. The data analysis technique used a Paired Sample T-Test with SPSS version 25 with a significant level of 5%. Based on the results of the statistical analysis show that there was a significant difference in average agility and speed between the pretest and posttest (p ? 0.001). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the long- term resistance training intervention was effective in increasing the speed and agility of young healthy males.

The Effect of Groundstroke Forehand Exercise on Speed and Agility in 14 to 16-year-old Tennis Athletes

This research addresses gaps by developing a holistic training model that integrates essential elements for optimal tennis performance. The study explores how physical conditioning can enhance agility, speed, and overall performance of junior athletes aged 14 to 16, focusing on forehand drive. The aim is to provide insights for coaches and players by integrating physical and technical training to improve performance. The scope includes evaluating the effectiveness of a forehand drive training program supplemented with speed and agility exercises for junior tennis players. An experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was employed. Eleven tennis athletes from the Nusalima Tennis Academy participated. Speed was measured using a 20-meter sprint, and agility was calculated using the 505 Agility Test. The training program spanned 12 sessions over four weeks. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, normality tests, and t-tests. Pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvements in speed and agility. The t-test values indicated statistical significance, confirming the effectiveness of the forehand drive training model. Players demonstrated enhanced neuromuscular adaptation, muscle strength, coordination, and reaction time. The study concludes that the forehand drive training model significantly improves speed and agility in junior tennis players. The findings support the theory that focused and structured training enhances physical abilities and performance. Additionally, the research highlights the long-term health benefits of intensive tennis training, such as improved cardiovascular health and overall fitness. The training model can be widely applied to develop well-rounded athletes in tennis programs.

Can The Pitch Dimension Influence the Physical Fitness Adaptations Induced by Small-Sided Training Programs Added to Regular In-Field Training? A Randomized Controlled Study in Youth Soccer Players.

Small-sided games (SSGs) are frequently utilized in training settings to elicit specific stimuli that can promote physical fitness adaptations over time. However, various task constraints, such as pitch dimensions, can significantly influence both the acute external and internal load responses. Thus, understanding the impact of different pitch dimensions on physical fitness adaptations is crucial. This study sought to compare the physical adaptations induced by an SSG-based program utilizing more elongated pitches (SSGlw2; length-to-width ratio: 2.0) versus less elongated pitches (SSGwl1; length-to-width ratio: 1.0) on the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT), and 30-meter sprint. This study employed a randomized controlled design. Forty-eight male soccer players (16.4 ± 0.6 years) participated. These players were randomly allocated to two experimental groups (N = 16, SSGlw1; N = 16, SSGlw2) and underwent two weekly additional training sessions over an 8-week period, while a group of 16 players continued with their regular in-field sessions as a control group. Evaluations were conducted before and after the intervention period. Significant interactions time u group were observed in regards YYIRT (F = 15.857; p < 0.001; = 0.413) and 30-m sprint test (p < 0.001). Between-group differences on YYIRT were found in post-intervention (p < 0.001), on which SSGlw2 (p < 0.001) and SSGlw1 (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in comparison to control group. Additionally, between-group differences on 30-m sprint were found in post-intervention (p < 0.001), on which SSGlw2 was significantly better than SSGlw1 (p < 0.001) and control group (p < 0.001). Coaches are advised to prioritize the use of more elongated pitch sizes to promote adaptations in sprint performance, while still acknowledging that aerobic capacity improvements remain significant compared to other pitch shapes.

Sex Influences the Extent of Physical Performance Adaptations in Response to Small-Sided Games and Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training: A Parallel Study Design Involving Men and Women Soccer Players.

The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare physical fitness adaptations following small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), considering sex interactions; and (ii) to describe intra-individual variations of adaptations in both men and women developmental/trained soccer players over an 8-week randomized parallel study design involving 25 women and 27 men. Pre and post-intervention assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-meter linear sprint test, change-of-direction (COD) deficit, and final velocity at 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT). Significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in 10-m sprint (F1,48 = 6.042; p = 0.018; ηp2 = 0.112). No significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in CMJ (F F1,48 = 0.609; p = 0.439; ηp2 = 0.013), COD deficit (F F1,48 = 2.718; p = 0.106; ηp2 = 0.054) and VIFT (F F1,48 = 1.141; p = 0.291; ηp2 = 0.023). Significant interactions were found between time and sex in CMJ (F F1,48 = 29.342; p < 0.001; ηp2= 0.379), 10-m sprint (F F1,48 = 4.359; p = 0.042; ηp2 = 0.083), COD deficit (F F1,48 = 5.066; p = 0.029; ηp2= 0.095) and VIFT (F F1,48 = 11.248; p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.190). In conclusion, this study suggests similar effects of HIIT in both sexes. However, for women, SSG may entail less efficacy and more inter-individual variability compared to men. Therefore, HIIT could potentially be a better solution for women, whereas both training approaches were equally effective in men.

Acute effects of eccentric overload training with different loading doses in male sprinters

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of two doses (Dose1 and Dose2,D1 and D2) of inertial Flywheel Eccentric Overload (FEOL), Eccentric Hook (EH), and High-intensity Half Squat (HHS) on muscle explosiveness in male sprinters. MethodsTwenty-one sub-elite male sprinters were randomly assigned to three groups: the FEOL group (n=7), the EH group (n=7), and the HSS group (n=7),Measurements of athletes' explosive jumps (CMJ, SJ, SLJ) heights, relative peak power indices, and 30-m sprint times were collected before and 6 min after the intervention. ResultsAt D1 loading dose, CMJ, SJ jump height, and relative peak power increased significantly (p < 0.05) after HHS training intervention, while there was no significant change in FEOL and EH training (p > 0.05). At D2 loading dose, CMJ, SJ jump height, and relative peak power increased significantly (p < 0.01) after FEOL and EH training intervention, but at D2HHS intervention, these indexes tended to decrease (p < 0.05). None of the three training protocols significantly improved SLJ performance (p > 0.05). CMJ vertical jump height and relative peak power were significantly higher after D2FEOL and D2EH interventions than after D1HHS (P < 0.05). ConclusionD1HHS, D2FEOL and D2EH3 intervention methods can all improve the performance of sub-elite athletes in the 30-m test, CMJ test and SJ test. in the CMJ test, FEOL training demonstrated a higher acute augmentation effect compared to EH training.

Microdosing Plyometric Training Enhances Jumping Performance, Reactive Strength Index, and Acceleration among Youth Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Study Design.

Microdosing can facilitate better accommodation to the training stimulus while aligning with the scheduling needs of teams. In this study, the effectiveness of microdosing exposure was investigated by comparing the effects of microdosing plyometric jump training (microPJT) with those of regular plyometric jump training (regPJT) and a control group not exposed to plyometric training. The comparison focused on the effects on jumping performance, reactive strength index (RSI), and acceleration over a 10-meter distance. Fifty-two male youth soccer players (16.3 ± 0.6 years old) from under-17 teams participated in a randomized controlled study, with interventions lasting 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted twice, before and after the intervention, measuring squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), RSI during drop jumps, and acceleration in a 10-meter sprint test. The regPJT group completed 34 bilateral jumps and 48 unilateral jumps per week over two weekly sessions, totaling 82 jumps. Conversely, the microPJT group performed 17 bilateral jumps and 24 unilateral jumps weekly over 4 sessions week, totaling 41 jumps. Significant interactions between groups and time were observed concerning SJ (p < 0.001; η2= 0.282), CMJ (p < 0.001; η2= 0.368), RSI (p < 0.001; η2= 0.400) and 10-m sprint time (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.317). Between-group analysis indicated that both the microPJT (p < 0.001) and regPJT (p < 0.001) groups exhibited significant better results compared to the control group in post-intervention evaluation of SJ, CMJ, RSI and 10-m sprint time, while no significant differences were found between experimental groups (p > 0.050). In conclusion, this study has revealed that both microPJT and regPJT are equally effective in enhancing jumping performance and acceleration time in soccer players. This suggests that a smaller training volume, distributed more frequently across the week, can effectively induce improvements in soccer players.

The effect of six-week bodyweight high-intensity interval training on the performance of young female athletes

This study aimed to assess the impact of high-intensity interval training with bodyweight on the physical performance of young female athletes. Thirteen young female athletes participated in the study. Participants performed HIIT with bodyweight three times a week for six weeks, following five months of standardized training. The study examined participants' aerobic and anaerobic performance, including their countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-meter sprint, change of direction (COD), flexibility, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The study was designed as a single-blind, posttest-only, single-group repeated measurement study. All analyses were conducted with a 95% confidence interval, and a significance level was accepted as α = 0.05. The effect size (ES) was calculated according to Cohen's effect size. The study revealed statistically significant differences in all outputs except for BMI (p &lt; 0.05). Bodyweight HIIT had a large to small effect on the following parameters: VO2max (d = 1.48), Illinois COD test (d = 0.93), 30-meter sprint (d = 0.78), CMJ (d = 0.75), flexibility (d = 0.63), BMI (d = 0.62), peak power (d = 0.61), weight loss (d = 0.58), mean power (d = 0.55). The study results indicated that HIIT with bodyweight could improve the performance of young female athletes.

Relationship Between Anthropometric Attributes and Physical Fitness Levels in Young Male Portuguese Futsal players

Background Futsal demands lower limb power, repeated sprint ability, and technical prowess. Furthermore, anthropometric characteristics have been shown to influence physical capacities and sports performance and, thus, should be assessed alongside physical fitness levels to maximize performance. Methods This study aimed to investigate the potential correlations between anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness levels among young Portuguese male futsal players and to compare these attributes across two distinct age groups. Twenty-one male athletes from two age groups (Under-18: N=14 - 16.1 ± 0.6 years old; Under-15: N=7 - 13.7 ± 0.6 years old) were recruited to take part in this investigation. Anthropometric characteristics [body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio] were assessed, and participants performed three performance tasks (20-meter sprint, vertical and horizontal jump). Results Statistically significant differences regarding body weight (p=0.005), height (p=0.011), and hip circumference (p=0.036) were observed between age groups (Under-18 and Under-15), but no differences were found regarding performance tasks (all p≥0.736). Conclusion After analyzing the entire sample, BMI was found to be inversely correlated with horizontal (r=-0.51; p=0.03) and vertical (r=-0.64; p&lt;0.001) jump performance, and waist-to-hip ratio was positively correlated with 20-meter sprint performance (r=0.70; p&lt;0.001). These indicate a correlation between a higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio with lower physical fitness levels.