1st Day Research Articles

The efficacy of neuroendoscopic surgery treating patients with thalamic hemorrhage accompanied by intraventricular hematoma

ObjectiveNeuroendoscopic surgery (NES) has been proven to be safe and effective in hematoma evacuation for cerebral hemorrhage. However, its efficacy for thalamic hemorrhage accompanied by intraventricular hematoma (THAVH) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of NES in treating THAVH.MethodA retrospective study was carried out. The data of patients diagnosed with THAVH were collected from January 1st, 2019, to January 1st, 2022. Patients received the NES or external ventricle drainage (EVD) treatment were assigned to the NES or EVD group, respectively. As primary outcomes, the hematoma evacuation volume, residual hematoma volume, and hematoma clearance rate were separately calculated based on the hematoma site; and the 180-day-mRS score was assessed. As secondary outcomes, the length of stay in the ICU and hospital, and the adverse events were also compared.ResultsThirty-five patients, aged 66.37 ± 6.62 years, were in the NES group; and 40 patients, aged 68.75 ± 7.22 years, were in the EVD group. The baseline characteristics in the two groups were similar (P > 0.05). The gross hematoma evacuation volume, volume of hematoma evacuated in the thalamus or the ventricle, and the hematoma clearance rate were greater in the NES group than in the EVD group on the 1st day after surgery (P < 0.05). The patients had a better rank of mRS in the NES group (P < 0.05). Compared with patients with mRS > 3, the mean residual hematoma volume in the thalamus of patients with mRS ≤3 on the 1st and 7th day were less in each group (P < 0.05), respectively. A residual hematoma volume in the ventricle of patients with mRS ≤3 was less than that of patients with mRS >3 in the EVD group on the 1st day after surgery (P < 0.05). GCS score on the 3rd day was greater in the NES group (P < 0.05). The incidence of lung infection was lower in the NES group (P < 0.05). The length of stay in the ICU and hospitalization duration were shorter in the NES group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNeuroendoscopic surgery has a greater hematoma clearance rate, a lower lung infection rate and a shorter duration in the hospital. Neuroendoscopic surgery might improve patients’ prognosis. Neuroendoscopic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for treating thalamic hemorrhage accompanied by intraventricular hematoma.

Glutathione s-transferase pi is a marker of loop diuretic resistance in patients with congestive heart failure exacerbation

Abstract Background Loop diuretic resistance (LDR) in patients with heart failure (HF) exacerbation is associated with worse clinical outcomes, greater symptom burden and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of LDR remains a significant clinical dilemma. Purpose To assess the ability of different urine biomarkers to predict LDR in patients with HF exacerbation. Methods Consecutive patients with congestive HF exacerbation were prospectively included in the study. HF was diagnosed according to ESC 2021 HF Guidelines definition. Congestion was defined as a presence of one or more of the following signs: edema, ascites, pleural effusion. LDR was defined as persistent congestion on the 4th day of hospital stay despite high i.v. loop diuretic dose. Urine biomarkers released from different parts of the nephron (Kidney Injury Molecule-1 - KIM-1, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase - NAG, uromodulin, glutathione S-transferase Pi - pi-GST, aquaporin-2), transthoracic echo, clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated on the 1st and 4th day of hospital stay. Results are presented as mean ±standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Results 40 patients were included in the study with median age 84 (72,8; 86) years, median left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) 35.3 (26,5; 49) %, median NT-proBNP 8967.5 (3024; 15241) pg/ml. LDR was found in 14 (35%) patients. Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors for LDR: urine pi-GST concentration on admission and on the 4th day, right ventricle to pulmonary circulation coupling index (TAPSE/PASP ratio), presence of mitral regurgitation, serum creatine concentration, serum urea concentration, serum LDL concentration. Logistic regression analysis identified pi-GST concentration as a significant independent risk factor for LDR in this population: odds ratio (OR) 5.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.271–25.990]. Conclusions Urine pi-GST on admission and after 4 days of treatment might be a marker for a development of LDR in patients with congestive HF exacerbation.

Effect of Environmental Factors on The Production of Silver Nanoparticles by Yeast Strains

In the presented work, the literature data on the influence of various environmental factors were analyzed on the formation of silver nanoparticles by yeast strains. It was determined that the optimal conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the yeast strain Saccharomyces ellipsoideus BSU-XR1 were on the 21st day of incubation, on 4-6 days of incubation in different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and between 2-10 days in Candida strains. The optimal amount of wet biomass was between 8 and 10 g for Candida strains and 10 g for Saccharomyces strains. The temperature limit for Saccharomyces was observed at 25-35°C, and for Candida at 25-37°C. For strains, synthesis of silver nanoparticles was optimal in the pH range of 4-10, and pH range of 7 for Candida strains. Depending on the concentration of AgN03 salt, the optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles occurred at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM for Saccharomyces, and 1 mM for Candida. The optimal incubation conditions for both sexes were under dark environment.

Evaluating the efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus derived postbiotics on growth metrics, Health, and Gut Integrity in broiler chickens.

Continuous use of antibiotics in poultry feed as growth promoters poses a grave threat to humanity through the emergence of antibiotic resistance, necessitating the exploration of novel and sustainable alternatives. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus in broiler birds. The postbiotics were harvested by culturing probiotic bacteria from the stock cultures at the required temperature and duration under laboratory conditions and supplemented to broilers via feed. For experimentation, 480-day-old CARI-Bro Dhanraja (slow-growing broiler) straight-run chicks were randomly split up into six groups. Treatment groups diets are as follows: T1- Basal diet (BD)+0.2%(v/w) MRS Broth/ uninoculated media; T2 - BD + Antibiotic (CTC); T3- BD + Probiotic; T4, T5 & T6 - BD + postbiotics supplementation of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%(v/w) respectively. The chicks were raised under an intensive, deep litter system with standard protocol for 6 weeks. Results showed that 0.2% of postbiotics (T4) had significantly (P < 0.001) higher body weight (1677.52g) with better FCR (1.75) and immune response. Postbiotic supplementation altered various serum attributes positively, in this study. Significant (P < 0.001) reductions in total plate counts (TPC), coliform counts, and maximum Lactobacillus counts were recorded in all postbiotic-supplemented groups. The villus height (1379.25μm), width (216.06μm) and crept depth (179.25μm) showed significant (P < 0.001) improvement among the treatment groups on the 21st and 42nd day of the experimental trial, with the highest value in the T4 group (0.2% postbiotic supplementation). Jejunal antioxidant values also noted significantly (P < 0.001) higher values in T4 group. The study concludes that 0.2% postbiotic supplementation can act as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoters and also combat the disfavour activity of probiotics in broilers.

The Gelatin-Chitosan-Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Calcium Hydroxide Composite as a Potential Dental Pulp Medicament (Study on Expression of COX-2, PGP 9.5, TNF-α and Neutrophils number)

Introduction Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is the material of choice for pulp therapy. However, Ca(OH)2 has drawbacks such as toxicity, poor sealing, and tunnel defect formation. Alternative materials have been developed to provide more biocompatible materials with better dentin formation ability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of composites containing gelatin (G), chitosan (CH), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and Ca(OH)2, namely G-CH-TEOS-Ca(OH)2 (Extended data) on inflammation of the dental pulp (expression of COX-2, PGP 9.5, TNF-α, and neutrophil number). Materials and methods A total of 16 Wistar rat models of acute pulp injury were prepared and divided into two groups, treatment and control, 8 with each. In the treatment group, we applied a pulp-capping material using G-CH-TEOS-Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2. On the 1st and 3rd days, rats were sacrificed. Tissue samples from 4 rats in each group were processed for histological preparation. COX-2, PGP 9.5, and TNF-α were observed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and neutrophil numbers were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Image analysis of COX-2, PGP 9.5, and TNF-α expression was performed using ImageJ software. Results The results showed a decrease in COX-2 expression, but not significantly while PGP 9.5 and TNF-α expression were significantly higher than those in the control group. Neutrophil numbers were lower in the treatment group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The G-CH-TEOS-Ca(OH)2 composite material may have potential as an exposed pulp medicament by reducing inflammation (COX-2 expression and number of neutrophils) and increasing the regeneration factor (TNF-α expression) and nerve (PGP 9.5 expression).

Analyzing The Correlation Between The Conventional Complete Denture Occlusal Contact Points And Patient’s Satisfaction

Background: Conventional complete dentures continue to be a vital and essential method for restoring oral function in edentulous adults. However the quality of complete dentures influences the satisfaction level, thereby improves the psychological wellbeing of dentulous adults. Aim: A prospective in vivo study aims to analyse the presence of conventional complete denture occlusal contact points significantly influence patients' satisfaction levels. Materials and methods: Thirty patients who had received complete dentures were evaluated for their occlusal contact points one the day of insertion and 2 weeks later. Patient satisfaction questionnaire, which included subjective parameters such as initial adaptability, post insertion problems, aesthetics, masticatory ability, speech, retention was conducted at day 1 (day of insertion) and 2 weeks later. Results: Number of contact points almost were same on day 1 and 2 weeks later. The overall satisfaction of the patient has improved during the time interval. But correlation of the occlusal contact points to the patient satisfaction has no statistically significant value. Conclusion: Therefore, the overall satisfaction of the patient increased while using the complete denture from 1st day of denture insertion and after 14 days irrespective of number of contact points in the conventional complete denture with same occlusal scheme

Efficacy of High Flow Nasal Cannula in the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Results of Single Centre Study in Vietnam.

Most hospitalized patients required invasive or non-invasive ventilation and High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC). Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients with severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated by HFNC and its effectiveness for reducing the rate of intubated-mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Phu Chanh COVID-19 Department-Binh Duong General Hospital. It was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. All severe patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure eligible for the study were included. Patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment methods were collected for analysis; parameters and data related to HFNC treatment and follow-up were analysed. 80 patients, aged of 49.7 ± 16.6years, were treated with HFNC at admission in ICU. 14 patients had type 2 diabetes (17.5%), 3 patients had chronic respiratory disease (3.8%), 19 patients had high blood pressure (23.8%), and 5 patients with other comorbidities (7.4%). The majority of patients with severe COVID-19 had typical symptoms of COVID-19 such as shortness of breath (97.5%), intensive tired (81.3%), cough (73.7%), anosmia (48.3%), ageusia (41.3%), and fever (26.3%). The results of arterial blood gases demonstrated severe hypoxia under optimal conventional oxygen therapy (PaO2 = 52.5 ± 17.4mmHg). Respiratory rate, SpO2, PaO2 were significantly improved after using HFNC at 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day (P < 0.05; P < 0.05; P < 0.01; respectively). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) index was significantly increased after treating with HFNC vs before HFNC treatment (4.79 ± 1.86, 5.53 ± 2.39, and 7.41 ± 4.24 vs 2.97 ± 0.39; P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). 54 (67.5%) patients were success with HFNC treatment and 26 (32.5%) patients with HFNC failure needed to treat with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) (13 patients; 50%) or intubated ventilation (13 patients; 50%). HFNC therapy could be considered as a useful and effective alternative treatment for patients with acute respiratory failure. HFNC might help to delay the intubated ventilation for patients with respiratory failure and to minimise the risk of invasive ventilation complications and mortality. However, it is crucial to closely monitor the evolution of patient's respiratory status and responsiveness of HFNC treatment to avoid unintended delay of intubation-mechanical ventilation. An independent ethics committee approved the study (The Ethics Committee of Binh Duong General Hospital; No. HDDD-BVDK BINH DUONG 9.2021), which was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice.

Impact of pre-exposure stress on the growth and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in regular, buriti pulp and orange byproduct fermented milk products

The loss of probiotics viability in yogurts and fermented milk is a significant challenge in producing yogurt and fermented milk. Thus, pre-exposure of probiotics to stress conditions can be a viable alternative to increase the probiotic viability. Moreover, the use of fruit pulp and agro-industrial residues in these products has demonstrated promising results in promoting growth and improving the viability of probiotics. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exposure to acid, oxidative and osmotic stress on the growth and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in yogurts and naturally fermented milk containing buriti (Mauritia flexuosa Mart.) pulp or orange byproduct. L. acidophilus was individually pre-exposed to acid, oxidative, and osmotic stress and used in the production of yogurts and fermented milk to determine both the acidification profile and growth of the cultures. Furthermore, during cold storage, the post-acidification profiles and viability of microbial cultures added to the yogurts and fermented milk were monitored. Results showed that pre-exposure to stress conditions influenced the growth parameters as the growth rate (μ) and lag phase (λ) of L. acidophilus and the starter cultures of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Moreover, an increase in the viability of L. acidophilus - pre-exposed to acid stress - was observed on the 21st day of storage of natural yogurts containing orange byproduct compared with non-stressful conditions. This study reports new data on the growth of probiotic cultures pre-exposed to stress conditions in products added of pulps and agro-industrial residues, which have not yet been shown in the literature.

Etiopathogenesis of oblique inguinal hernia, new concept of its surgical treatment, postoperative complications and their correction

Objective. To study the results of applying a new conceptual approach to the surgical treatment of oblique inguinal hernia in order to reduce the frequency of its recurrence and preserve the function of the male reproductive system. Materials and methods. The study is based on the results of topographic and anatomical examination of 50 unfixed male cadavers on the 1st day after death. As clinical material, 144 patients who were inpatients in the surgical department were involved in the study. Results. Patients of the main group (n=71) underwent hernioplasty according to the developed method. The control group included 73 patients operated on by the Lichtenstein method. The etiopathogenetic basis of oblique inguinal hernia and the causes of its recurrence, the frequency of which after open and laparoscopic use of mesh implants is 5 – 15%, were studied. It is after the use of these implants in the Lichtenstein operation that a complication no less important than recurrence occurs, which is a decrease or even loss of male reproductive function. Conceptually, the new approach is to eliminate the deep inguinal ring, move the spermatic cord under the transverse fascia, and create a new inguinal ring. Conclusions. The proposed method of hernioplasty has significant advantages over the Lichtenstein method of surgery, which are to prevent recurrence of the disease and preserve male reproductive function.

Higher erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid on the first and seventh postoperative day: Associated with poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality. We intended to explore the association between levels of erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid at different times of hemorrhage and the outcome of patients. One retrospective study including 216 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing surgeries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2020 to July 2023 was carried. The univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used for factors associated with poor outcome. The level of erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid on the 1st postoperative day in patients with poor outcome was 311 × 103/µL, significantly higher than patients with good outcome (108 × 103/µL), P < .001. The level of erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid on 7th postoperative day was 86.5 × 103/µL, also significantly higher than patients with good outcome (26.0 × 103/µL). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid on the 1st postoperative day (≥177 × 103/µL) and on the 7th postoperative day (≥53.5 × 103/µL) were possibly associated with poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Treatment with tranexamic acid and continuous lumbar drainage did not result in a decrease of erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid. Higher erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid on the 1st and 7th postoperative days were associated with poor outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

New Insight for Enhanced Topical Targeting of Caffeine for Effective Cellulite Treatment: In Vitro Characterization, Permeation Studies, and Histological Evaluation in Rats

Cellulite (CLT) is one of the commonly known lipodystrophy syndromes affecting post-adolescent women worldwide. It is topographically characterized by an orange-peel, dimpled skin appearance hence, it is an unacceptable cosmetic problem. CLT can be modulated by surgical procedures such as; liposuction and mesotherapy. But, these options are invasive, expensive and risky. For these reasons, topical CLT treatments are more preferred. Caffeine (CA), is a natural alkaloid that is well-known for its prominent anti-cellulite effects. However, its hydrophilicity hinders its cutaneous permeation. Therefore, in the present study CA was loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) by high shear homogenization/ultrasonication. CA-SLNs were prepared using Compritol® 888 ATO and stearic acid as solid lipids, and span 60 and brij™35, as lipid dispersion stabilizing agents. Formulation variables were adjusted to obtain entrapment efficiency (EE > 75%), particle size (PS < 350 nm), zeta potential (ZP < −25 mV) and polydispersity index (PDI < 0.5). CA-SLN-4 was selected and showed maximized EE (92.03 ± 0.16%), minimized PS (232.7 ± 1.90 nm), and optimum ZP (−25.15 ± 0.65 mV) and PDI values (0.24 ± 0.02). CA-SLN-4 showed superior CA release (99.44 ± 0.36%) compared to the rest CA-SLNs at 1 h. TEM analysis showed spherical, nanosized CA-SLN-4 vesicles. Con-LSM analysis showed successful CA-SLN-4 permeation transepidermally and via shunt diffusion. CA-SLN-4 incorporated into Noveon AA−1® hydrogel (CA-SLN-Ngel) showed accepted physical/rheological properties, and in vitro release profile. Histological studies showed that CA-SLN-Ngel significantly reduced mean subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) thickness with 4.66 fold (p = 0.035) and 4.16 fold (p = 0.0001) compared to CA-gel, at 7th and 21st days, respectively. Also, significant mean SFT thickness reduction was observed compared to untreated group with 4.83 fold (p = 0.0005) and 3.83 fold (p = 0.0043), at 7th and 21st days, respectively. This study opened new avenue for CA skin delivery via advocating the importance of skin appendages. Hence, CA-SLN-Ngel could be a promising nanocosmeceutical gel for effective CLT treatment.Graphical

Effects of 60 degrees of flexion and perioperative use of tranexamic acid on recovery after knee replacement

Abstract OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of 60 knee flexion combined with multiple tranexamic acid application on postoperative recovery of knee replacement patients. METHODS Knee replacement patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects, and randomly divided into two groups. Postoperative D-dimer, prothrombin time and partial thrombin time were recorded in the two groups, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin and erythrocyte volume were recorded before, 1 day and 3 days after surgery and the affected limb circumference were also assessed. RESULTS On the 1st and 3rd day after surgery, the red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P&amp;lt;0.05). The difference in VAS score and circumference between the two groups on the 1st day and 3rd day after surgery was compared, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference in VAS score and circumference was lower in the control group(P&amp;lt;0.05). After surgical treatment, knee joint function recovered, knee joint mobility and HSS score improved, and the difference between the experimental groups was statistically significant (P&amp;lt;0.05). CONCLUSION Perioperative 60-degree flexion combined with multiple tranexamic acids can significantly reduce blood loss in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery, increase red blood cells, hemoglobin levels and red blood cell volume on postoperative days 1 and 3, and reduce postoperative swelling of the affected limb.

Methyl jasmonate mitigates biochemical and phytochemical changes in salt stressed Stevia rebaudiana plants

This study explored the effects of salt stress on growth, oxidative stress, and steviol glycoside content in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants cultivated in soil supplemented with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Stevia plants were cultivated under normal and salt stress conditions, with and without MeJA supplements of 30 ?M, 60 ?M, and 120 ?M. Samples were harvested after the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, and 15th day of treatment. The levels of chlorophyll (p&lt;0.0001), carotenoids (p&lt;0.0001), and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (p&lt;0.0001), superoxide dismutase (p&lt;0.0001), APX (p&lt;0.0001), and glutathione reductase (p&lt;0.0001) were observed. The quantification of steviol glycosides, including stevioside (p&lt;0.0001) and rebaudioside-A (p&lt;0.0001), was studied by the most advanced hyphenated technique, LC-MS/MS. The study revealed that the oxidative stress responses were significantly improved in MeJA-treated plants compared to salt-stress control plants. The level of production of phenols (p&lt;0.0001), flavonoids, total sugar, reducing sugar, and steviol glucosides was significantly altered in salt-stress plants. MeJA showed a dose- and time-dependent significant effect on the improvement of these factors over salt stress. In conclusion, MeJA not only improves the growth of plants but also reduces oxidative stress and enhances the level of phytochemicals under saline stress.

Possibilities of using innovative non-drug technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with early post-stroke cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND: One of the leading factors complicating social adaptation after ischemic stroke is cognitive and motor impairment. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation using virtual reality technologies and the influence of the main clinical and functional parameters on virtual reality (VR) therapy in patients with different degrees of cognitive decline in the acute period of ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined 170 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke with cognitive decline according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Depending on the volume of therapy, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 120 patients who received additional therapy using VR technologies (62 patients with moderate cognitive impairment, 58 patients with dementia), and group 2 consisted of 50 patients who received only basic therapy and standard methods of early rehabilitation. In group 1, on days 4–5 following basic therapy, rehabilitation using VR was performed. The Barthel Index (BI) scale, Rankin Scale (mRS), and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to examine cognitive and functional status, and tests were performed to assess cognitive functions, as well as neuroimaging scales ASPECTS, STRIVE, and MTA. The effectiveness of rehabilitation (ΔRE) was measured by the indicator of changes in the parameters of the VR system before and after treatment. RESULTS: A more significant improvement of the patient’s independence and regression of perceptual and executive functions was demonstrated in group 1 than in the control group. In patients with MCI, significant improvement was observed in all cognitive and functional parameters except semantic information processing, attention, and constructive praxis. In patients with dementia, improvement was noted in NIHSS, speech and amnestic disorders. In group 1, ΔRE was found to be associated with the parameters of perception, attention, semantic information processing, IQCODE, and NIHSS and the presence of hypertension and repeated stroke. In patients with MCI, ΔRE was correlated with lesion size, attention level, BI, mRS, and NIHSS and with age, sex, degree of IQCODE and STRIVE, semantic aphasia, and perceptual impairment in patients with dementia. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a polymorphism of factors influencing the effectiveness of VR therapy in patients with varying degrees of cognitive decline. Modern approaches to VR rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment require the development of individual methods of rehabilitation using immersion environment focused on the structure, etiology, and severity of cognitive deficit considering the degree of the patient’s functional state.

Guava leaf extract - Phytochemical therapy for periodontitis patients

Introduction: Periodontitis is one of the most prevailing diseases associated with the oral cavity. It is important to treat the disease effectively as it results in tooth loss and also affects the host extensively. Treatment of periodontitis includes various surgical and non-surgical modalities. Non-Surgical modalities include Scaling and Root Planing (SRP), Local Drug Delivery (LDD), laser and HMT therapy. In the present study, the effect of guava leaf extract gel as a local drug delivery agent for the treatment of chronic periodontitis is evaluated. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of guava gel extract as a local drug delivery agent in patients with periodontitis following scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and method: A randomized, controlled study was conducted in 21 systemically healthy patients suffering from moderate periodontitis with isolated pockets (pocket depths 45mm). Clinical parameters GI, PI and PPD were recorded at baseline and subsequently after 7th, 14th and 21st day. The study design consisted of three groups, each group having 7 subjects, allocated in these groups randomly. Group A - Guava leaf extract gel (7), Group B – Chlorhexidine group (7), Group C - Control group (7). Results: Both the groups, Group A and Group B showed similar reduction in Gingival Index, Plaque Index and Probing Pocket Depth values when compared at baseline and on 21st day but the differences failed to reach the level of significance. Conclusions: The results suggest that Guava leaf extract gel as a local drug delivery is highly effective and comparable to gold standard.

Protective effect and mechanism of rapamycin on pulmonary fibrosis induced by Chlormethine in mice

To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of rapamycin (RAPA) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in C57BL/6N mice. Based on body weight, the 18-20 g C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, chlormethine group, chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, with ten mice in each group. Mice were put to death on the 21st day after the first administration of chlormethine. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in the lung tissue of mice, and RT-PCR was used to detect collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA mRNA expression. After 21 days of administration of chlormethine to mice, significant pulmonary fibrosis characteristics were observed in the lung tissue of the mice. Compared with the chlormethine group, the weight of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the chlormethine group, the expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related indicators (collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) significantly improved (P<0.05) in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group. Compared with the chlormethine group, the pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, were significantly improved. Transcriptome analysis of the lung tissue of mice revealed that RAPA treatment of chlormethine-induced pulmonary fibrosis might be related to NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Compared with the chlormethine group, the mRNA expression of p65 in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly decreased (P<0.01). RAPA has a protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in mice. Its efficacy is comparable to that of dexamethasone, which is currently being used in clinical practice. It is a new alternative therapy, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

A rare occurrence of Vancomycin-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage without thrombocytopenia: a case report and literature review

BackgroundVancomycin-induced bleeding has been reported, attributed to the mechanism of immune thrombocytopenia. A rare case of vancomycin-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a young patient with no underlying disease, receiving intravenous vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, is presented. This occurrence occurred without thrombocytopenia. Relevant cases reported in the literature were also reviewed.Case presentationA 34-year-old male patient presented with maxillofacial multiple spaces infection accompanying left temporal abscess, bilateral lung abscesses. Culture results from both blood and secretion indicated that the infection was caused by MRSA. The patient received standard-dose vancomycin (1 g q12h intravenously guttae) for treatment. On the 5th day of therapy, he presented with bright red blood in his stool; however, vancomycin treatment was continued. By the 9th day, a decrease in hemoglobin level to 76 g/L and a platelet (PLT) count of 424 × 109/L raised concerns about gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The hemoglobin level decreased to 62 g/L on day 12. Due to the high tissue concentration of linezolid, administration of linezolid at a dose of 600 mg q12h intravenously guttae commenced on the 13th day as an alternative to vancomycin(D13-D17). Subsequently, on the 17th day, there was an improvement in hemoglobin level to 78 g/L. However, despite treatment with linezolid, the patient’s fever showed no significant improvement, prompting a switch back to vancomycin at a dosage of 1 g q12h intravenously guttae(D18-D22). On the 21st day, there was a recurrence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, accompanied by a hemoglobin level of 42 g/L and a PLT count of 224 × 109/L. Gastroscopy revealed the presence of a gastroduodenal ulcer. The patient had no prior history of hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal ulcers, liver cirrhosis, or purpura. Prior to admission, he had not been administered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids. During hospitalization, the only medications given were vancomycin, ambroxol and lidocaine. Additional tests ruled out immunological disorders as the cause of gastrointestinal ulcers, and a positive vancomycin rechallenge test indicated an association between vancomycin and bleeding. After discontinuation of vancomycin, no further bleeding occurred. This case highlights a rare occurrence of vancomycin-induced bleeding without thrombocytopenia, classified as “Certain” according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale for standardized case causality assessment.ConclusionThis case represents the first documented instance of vancomycin-induced bleeding without thrombocytopenia, as confirmed by a positive rechallenge test. This discovery will aid in the early detection of this rare adverse reaction in future cases.

Changes in electrical parameters of the heart in an experimental model of malignant tumor growth during of hyperthyroidism

Experimental and clinical studies demonstrate the possibility of modulating the development of malignant tumors in thyroid imbalance, in particular hyperthyroidism, which negatively affects the electrophysiology of the heart. In an experimental model of tumor growth during of hyperthyroidism, activation of the tumor was shown.Aim: To study electrophysiological parameters of the mouse heart at the initial stages of transplantable tumor growth during of hyperthyroidism.Material and Methods. In female mice of the C57BL/6 line (n = 20) was created a model of melanoma B16/F10 growth during of hyperthyroidism, which was induced by daily intraperitoneal administration of liothyronine sodium (T3) for a long time and confirmed by determining the content of thyroid-stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine in the blood using the radioimmune method. On the 5th day of T3 administration, the melanoma was transplanted. ECG was recorded non-invasively (ecgTUN- NEL, ecgAVG software, emka TECHNOLOGIES, France) on the 1st and 3rd days of T3 administration, in groups with a tumor – on the 6th day after its transplantation.Results. Pathological changes were revealed: in the group with hyperthyroidism – rhythm irregularity, decrease the amplitude of P and T below the isoline, widening of the QRS, on the 3rd day – the death of 1 mouse was noted due to large-focal myocardial infarction; in the group with melanoma – only sinus arrhythmia and decreased heart rate; in the group with a combination of pathologies – an almost normal ECG, with the exception of an increase in P amplitude and a slight increase in QRS.Conclusion. Already in the early stages of hyperthyroidism or tumor growth, there was a violation of myocardial depolarization/ repolarization processes, capable of causing even death of the animal. In case of comorbidity, the majority of ECG parameters normalized, indicating the inclusion of compensatory mechanisms in the interaction of pathologies. The results demonstrate the need for a deeper study of the mechanisms of interaction of several simultaneously existing pathologies in the body.

Genetic variability increase by gamma irradiation of soybean seeds

The increase of genetic variability by the appearance of new genes of agronomic interest may be favored by the use of gamma radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different doses of gamma irradiation on dry seeds of VX04-5692 soybean line, aiming to increase the genetic variability and, with this, the identification of possible mutant plants. The doses of 0, 50, 150 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation were applied from a60Co source. The newly irradiated seeds were sown in the field, giving rise to the M1 cycle. Selected plants originated the M2 cycle. The number of seedlings was counted on the 21st day after sowing. Ten plants of each row were identified and evaluated for the various agronomic characteristics and for chemical composition. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was applied and the results were presented by boxplots and biplot (canonical variables). There was effect of gamma radiation doses at plant height at full bloom and maturity, number of nodes, pods with one seed and seeds per pod. The use of gamma radiation increases the variability in soybean, with consequent increase in the probabilities of identification of new mutants and gains in the chemical composition, useful for breeding programs that aim at better agronomic performance and gains in oil and protein contents. More satisfactory results in the generation of variability are obtained by the application of gamma radiation on soybean dry seeds between 50 and 150 Gy.

Amelioration of Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Using Stem Cell Exosome and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats

BackgroundWound healing is a complex procedure that requires the coordination of several factors, so this study aimed to assess the zinc oxide nanoparticles’ regenerated effect and stem cell exosomes on full-thickness wounds in rats. MethodsSeventy-two Wistar male rats were subjected to a full-thickness skin defect (20 mm2) on the dorsal surface of each rat between two shoulder joints. The rats were randomized into four groups (18/group) according to wound treatments. The wounds were irrigated with normal saline (Control group), or the wound’s edges were subcutaneously injected daily with 0.3 ml of exosome (Exo-group), or 1 ml of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs group), or 0.3 ml of exosome in combined with 1 ml of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Exo/ZnO2-NPs group). On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-wounding, the weight of the rats, the wound healing breaking strength, the wound size, and the contraction percent were evaluated. Six rats in each group were euthanized at each time point for histopathological, immunohistochemical examination of collagen, the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). additionally, the gene expression analysis of the relative renal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2 mRNA), Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1), fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7), Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1), Lysyl oxidase (LOX), and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were applied. ResultsThe Exo-group exhibited a significant decrease in wound size and a significant increase in wound contraction compared with other groups. Histopathologically evaluation during the three intervals revealed that the Exo-group had the highest collagen deposition area with a significant reduction of the granulation tissue. Moreover, upregulated gene expression profiles of the growth factors genes at all time points post-wounding. DiscussionThe exosomes-treated group revealed superior wound healing and contraction, with minimal inflammatory signs, higher angiogenesis, and myofibroblasts, and associated with higher growth factor expression genes compared to the other groups. ConclusionsExosome-based therapy demonstrates potential as a treatment method to promote and accelerate wound healing by modulating angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and gene expression profiles.