1M Hydrochloric Acid Solution Research Articles

Investigation of a pyridazinone derivative as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic conditions using experimental and theoretical methods

The anti-corrosive properties of the newly synthesized compound pyridazinone, especially 2-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopropyl)-4-(3-nitrobenzyl)-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2 H)-one (FOPP), on carbon steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution were thoroughly investigated. We used multiple techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface morphology analysis, contact angle measurements, UV–visible spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations. The maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of FOPP was found to be 96.3 % at 10−3 M concentration and 303 K temperature. PDP studies showed that FOPP acts as a mixed-type inhibitor with anodic predominance. The hydrophobicity of the surface of the metal studied showed considerable improvement by the FOPP coating using the contact angle technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) were used to confirm the results obtained using the contact angle technique. The two methods of theoretical chemistry, namely density functional analysis (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation, were used to gain a better understanding of the interactions between the inhibitor and the surface of the metal studied and the ability of this inhibitor to adhere to the surface of the iron and form a protective film.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF 2-(1H-PYRAZOL-5-yl) ANILINE AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR OF ALUMINIUM-2014 ALLOY IN 1.0 MOLAR HCl SOLUTION

We worked on the synthesis of an organic molecule, i.e., 2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl) aniline by the microwave method via Amino Cinnamaldehyde and hydrated hydrazine in the presence of ethanol solvent and studied its Corrosion inhibition property on Aluminium-2014 alloy in the 1Molar Hydrochloric acid solution at 25⁰C and 35⁰C temperatures. The SEM micrographs are obtained and examined the surface nature of inhibitor-treated and untreated surfaces. It reveals that the 2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl) aniline treated surface has more tendency of prevention to corrosion than the free Aluminium 2014 alloy. The potentiodynamic values revealed that Aluminium-2014 alloy possessing different concentrations exhibit a higher tendency to prevent corrosion in 1M Hydrochloric acid solution at 25⁰C and 35⁰C temperatures. We studied Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance at different concentrations at 25⁰C and 35⁰C. The rate of adsorption increases with the inhibitor concentrations.

Effect of (1,4) phenylenediamine on the corrosion of lead in 1M hydrochloric acid solution

The accelerating effect of 1,4- phenylenediamine (PDA) additions in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at temperature rang (20-60) C° has been studied by weight losses measurement during ranging time (1-260) h and by following the pb2+ concentration in solution after several times by using Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) . The volume of hydrogen gas involving was followed also in presence and absence of (PDA) in the corrosive solution .Accelerating enhanced by adding (NaCl , NaBr , NaI ) was also investigated.

Corrosion inhibition potential of the methanolic crude extract of Mimosa pudica leaves for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution by weight loss method

The corrosion inhibitory activity of mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution by Mimosa pudica leaves extract was examined by the weight loss method. The result reveals that the leaves extract performs well as a good eco-inhibitor of the corrosive action of HCl on mild steel. Inhibition efficiency obtained for the extract rises with higher concentration and exposure time but falls with increasing temperature. The mechanism of the adsorption mode of the extract’s molecules fits well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm which suggests that the phytochemical constituents, (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and quinones) as qualitatively displayed by the preliminary screening, adsorb onto the metal surface by forming monolayer films. Kinetics study shows that the rate of metal corrosion in the acidic medium is a first-order reaction that is concentration-dependent.
 Keywords: Mimosa pudica, corrosion inhibition, crude extract, weight loss

Comparative Study of S235 Steel Corrosion Inhibition by <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> and <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> Essential Oils in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Synthetic compounds certainly exhibit good anticorrosive activity but also toxicity for humans and their environment. Because of these concerns, we turned to more environmentally friendly substances such as essential oils and of course other types of plant extracts. These products are considered green corrosion inhibitors. In this present study, we propose to make a comparative study of the inhibitory effect of extracts of two different essential oils, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EC) and Cyperus rotundus (CR) on the corrosion of structural steel S235 in the medium 1 M hydrochloric acid. This inhibitory action was studied using potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils extracts showed that EC contains 96.2% oxygenated terpenes (90.6% monoterpenes and 5.6% sesquiterpenes), whereas CR includes 78.1% oxygenated terpenes (70.6% sesquiterpenes and 7.5% monoterpenes). Polarization measurements indicate that EC and CR are mixed inhibitors. The experimental results gave an inhibition efficiency close to 78.9% for EC and 86.7% for CR for an inhibitor concentration of 4 gL^-1 at 293 K. The inhibition performances of these essential oils were correlated with their composition. The adsorption of the molecules of the oils responsible for the inhibition on the surface of the steel, in the hydrochloric acid solution, obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This present work has therefore shown that these two types of essential oils have a good inhibitory effectiveness on the corrosion of the metal S235 in 1M hydrochloric acid solution.

THE EFFECTS OF INHIBITION OF FERN EXTRACTS ON THE ALKALINE AND ACID CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY

The deterioration behavior of aluminum alloy in 1M Hydrochloric acid and 1M Sodium hydroxide solution in fern extract was investigated using a weight loss technique. Aluminum alloy coupons of dimension 4 by 4 cm were immersed in test solutions of uninhibited acid and alkaline solutions, and also those containing the extract concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/l at ambient temperature for 168 hours. The test results show that the fern extract exhibited lower inhibitive properties in the alkaline than in the acidic medium. The observed adsorption characteristics were best described using Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic properties obtained were best described by physical adsorption mechanisms.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Different Amine Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid

Density Functional Theory investigations using the B3LYP/6-31G* model have been carried out. Several quantum chemical parameters have been computed to interpret the inhibition activity of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, o-phenylenediamine, and hydrazine hydrate. The ranking of the quantum chemical calculations classifies 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine as high efficient inhibitor among the studied molecules. The correspondence of the lowest energy gap (ΔE = 4.27 eV) for the calculated value (88.9%) of the highest inhibition efficiency (%IE) of 2, 4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine. Therefore, in parallel, the experimental inhibition of aluminum corrosion was tested using amine compounds in 1M hydrochloric acid solution by means of gravimetry and gasometry measurements. These compounds have been found to act as effective corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in the acid solution, and the best one was 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, represent one of the salient agreements between experimental and theoretical measurements. The data are showing that this inhibitor is appropriate for Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM micrographs indicate that the surface coverage increases in the presence of 0.5 mM of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine inhibitor, which in turn results in the formation of the adsorbed compound on the metal surface and the surface is covered by an inhibitor layer that effectively controls the dissolution of aluminum.

Effect of bismuth and bore content in glass system inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution

The influence of (0.90-x) Bi2O3-xB2O3-0.10 (Ta2O5-Nb2O5) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1MÂ hydrochloric acid was studied. Electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopic methods measurements were used. The inhibition efficiency increases with S1 concentration to reach 79% at 150 ppm. Polarization curves show that our inhibitors. S1 is a cathodic inhibitor type. The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the inhibition efficiency of the used inhibitor. The thermodynamic study showed that the film was formed at the steel surface by physisorption in the presence of inhibitor. Moreover, in this study, the results showed that the inhibition efficiencies depend on the B2O3 andBi2O3 content in the glass. it is observed that the value at 50% of B2O3 in the glass provided better protection than the other content.

The Thermal Activation of Nsu Clay for Enhanced Alumina Leaching Response

The thermal activation conditions for enhancing the leaching of alumina from Nsu clay from south-eastern Nigeria was investigated. The clay assayed 28.9% and 50.59% , comprising mainly kaolinite mineral (82.6%) and quartz (12.5%). Thermal activation rendered the alumina in the clay acid-soluble by transforming the clay from its crystalline nature to an amorphous phase or metakaolinite. The clay samples were heated at calcination temperatures of 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Uncalcined clay samples and samples calcined at 1000 °C (holding for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. Leaching of alumina from the resulting clay calcines passing 300 μm sieve (-50 mesh) was done in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature using a solid/liquid ratio of 0.02g/ml and shaking speed of 100 rpm. The solubility data given by the fraction of Al ion taken into leach solution showed that the clay calcined at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) responded most to leaching. In general, it was observed that samples calcined for 60 minutes responded better than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. The activation energies for leaching the clay calcines were 29.50, 32.92, 26.71, 30.18, 29.18, and 33.24 kJ/mol for samples calcined for 60 minutes at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively. The activation energy of leaching for the uncalcined sample was 35.07 kJ/mol. Thus, calcines produced at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) had the highest leaching response for alumina and the lowest leaching activation energy of 26.71 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Nsu kaolinite clay should be best calcined for alumina yield by heating up to 700 °C and holding for 60 minutes at that temperature. The clay deposit can be used as alternative resource for alumina production.

The Thermal Activation of Nsu Clay for Enhanced Alumina Leaching Response

The thermal activation conditions for enhancing the leaching of alumina from Nsu clay from south-eastern Nigeria was investigated. The clay assayed 28.9% and 50.59% , comprising mainly kaolinite mineral (82.6%) and quartz (12.5%). Thermal activation rendered the alumina in the clay acid-soluble by transforming the clay from its crystalline nature to an amorphous phase or metakaolinite. The clay samples were heated at calcination temperatures of 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C at holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Uncalcined clay samples and samples calcined at 1000 °C (holding for 60 minutes) were used in the control experiments. Leaching of alumina from the resulting clay calcines passing 300 μm sieve (-50 mesh) was done in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature using a solid/liquid ratio of 0.02g/ml and shaking speed of 100 rpm. The solubility data given by the fraction of Al ion taken into leach solution showed that the clay calcined at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) responded most to leaching. In general, it was observed that samples calcined for 60 minutes responded better than those held for 30 or 90 minutes. The activation energies for leaching the clay calcines were 29.50, 32.92, 26.71, 30.18, 29.18, and 33.24 kJ/mol for samples calcined for 60 minutes at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively. The activation energy of leaching for the uncalcined sample was 35.07 kJ/mol. Thus, calcines produced at 700 °C (holding for 60 minutes) had the highest leaching response for alumina and the lowest leaching activation energy of 26.71 kJ/mol. It is concluded therefore that Nsu kaolinite clay should be best calcined for alumina yield by heating up to 700 °C and holding for 60 minutes at that temperature. The clay deposit can be used as alternative resource for alumina production.

Experimental and DFT Investigation on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by 1, 2, 3- triazole Regioisomers in 1M hydrochloric Acid Solution

Experimental and DFT Investigation on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by 1, 2, 3- triazole Regioisomers in 1M hydrochloric Acid Solution

Some Anionic Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The corrosion inhibition effect of some anionic surfactants (Diisononyl phthalate (A), N-oleyl-1, 3-propane –diamine (B), and Sodium lauryl sulphate (C)) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution were studied by chemical method (weight loss) and electrochemical methods (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From the results, it was clear that these surfactants are good inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel in 1M HCl solution. Their inhibition depends mainly on their concentrations and temperature of solution. Polarization data revealed that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The surfactants adsorptions were found to follow Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters of activation and adsorption were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of used surfactants led to a reduction in the double layer capacitance (Cdl) and an increase in the charge transfer resistance (Rct). All measurements used confirmed the adsorption of the surfactants used on carbon steel surface. Confirmation of these various independent techniques proved validity of the obtained data.

Anti-corrosion and Anti-bacteria Property of Modified Pomegranate Peel Extract

Using weight loss method, the pomegranate peel extract (PPE), that is a green corrosion inhibitors, have been studied in the corrosion inhibition of Q235A steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at 30°C, 45°C, 60°C, respectively. The inhibition rate of extract varies with the extraction concentration in the range of 10 ∼ 1000mg / L, up to 92.7%. Extract inhibits corrosion through adsorption mechanisms. Besides polyphenols hydroxyl and ether groups can slow down corrosion by capturing H+. Polyphenols can remove the dissolved O2, and curb oxygen reducing corrosion. PPE is antifungal active against TGB and FB, but not so active against SRB.

Cupressus sempervirens extract as green inhibitor for corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

The effect of an aqueous extract of Cupressus sempervirens on the corrosion manner of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution has been measured by mass reduction, hydrogen evolution, electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods The efficiency of Cupressus sempervirens extract was examined with increasing dose of the extract and the temperature. The parameters of thermodynamic of corrosion and adsorption processes were measured and discussed. The extract was adsorbed on surface of metal chemically and was obtain obey Temkin isotherm. The potentiodynamic polarization resulted lead to the extract is mixed inhibitor type. The results given from the various methods were in best agreement.

Inhibiting effect of Quaternary ammonium compound on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M Hydrochloric acid solution, its adsorption and kinetic characteristics

The corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1M Hydrocholoric acid containing different concentrations of1-Propanaminium N,N,N-Tripropyl Iodide(TPAI) (Quaternary ammonium compound) has been studied by, Tafel polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic(EIS) techniques at Different temperatures. The mild steel samples were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical and impedance parameters such as corrosion potential, corrosion current density, Tafel slopes, charge transfer resistance and electrical double layer were determined. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for mild steel corrosion and inhibitor adsorption, respectively, were determined and discussed.The results showed that% inhibition efficiency of corrosion increases with increase in concentration and increases with increase in temperature. As the inhibitor concentration increased, the charge transfer resistance increased and double layer capacitance decreased. It was found that TPAI is an excellent inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium. Adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Dendrimers: A new class of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl: Experimental and quantum chemical studies

The inhibition properties of two ammonia cored dendrimers have been investigated for mild steel corrosion in 1M hydrochloric acid solution using chemical, electrochemical, surface and quantum chemical calculation methods. It was observed that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of both the dendrimers and maximum efficiency was obtained at 50ppm (50mgL−1) concentration. Potentiodynamic study suggested that investigated dendrimers behaved as mixed inhibitors and their adsorption on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) examinations of mild steel surface confirmed the inhibition behavior of investigated inhibitor molecules. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) study revealed that studied compounds increases the surface smoothness of AFM micrographs by adsorbing on the metallic surface. Several quantum chemical calculations parameters were calculated and the results obtained were found to be consistent with the experimental findings.

Corrosion inhibition studies of N,N′-bis(4-formylphenol)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane on steel in 1 HCl solution acid

The inhibition ability of N,N′-bis(4-formylphenol)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane (4-HCD) on the carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution was studied by electrochemical techniques and weight loss measurements. 4-HCD inhibited steel corrosion in 1M HCl solution significantly and the inhibition efficiency increased with 4-HCD concentration. The results indicated that after 5h, this inhibitor has a maximum percentage inhibition efficiency of approximately 71% in the presence of 2mM inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor was followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the standard adsorption free energy of −25.66kJmol−1. Computational investigations of the studied inhibitor are performed by using HF method with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets.

Studies on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by atenolol drug

The inhibition performance of atenolol on mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution was studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The results show the inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor from 50 to 300ppm. The maximum inhibition efficiency 93.8% was observed in the presence of 300ppm inhibitor (in case of potentiodynamic polarization). The inhibition action of atenolol was explained in terms of adsorption on the mild steel surface. The adsorption process follows Langmuir isotherm via physical adsorption. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopic technique (EIS) exhibits one capacitive loop indicating that, the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Polarization measurements showed that the inhibitor is of a mixed type. The results obtained from the different methods are in good agreement. The surface morphologies of mild steel were examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, the computational calculations are performed to find a relation between their electronic and structural properties.

Anticorrosion potential of hydralazine for corrosion of mild steel in 1m hydrochloric acid solution

Anticorrosion potential of mild steel by Hydralazine as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid was investigated by chemical and electrochemical measurements at 303-333 K temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency of inhibitor by Weight loss method is around 90%, Tafel polarization method is around 85%; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement around 90% at 1250 ppm of Hydralazine in. The result shows that the inhibition efficiency increases with I 1M hydrochloric acid. Hydralazine acts as a mixed type inhibitor which inhibits the corrosion of mild steel due to the adsorption on metal surface. This adsorption system obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Activation parameters explains the effect of temperature with inhibition efficiency of inhibitor molecule.SEM images of inhibited mild steel strips shows a formation of passive protective film over the surface.

Synthesis of nonionic amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles for active corrosion protection of steel

Here we report new successful work for synthesis of amphiphilic chitosan (CS) nanogels in water using surfactant free method. In this respect, CS was amidated with unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linolenic acids to prepare hydrophobic CS. The CS fatty amides were grafted with polyoxyethylene aldehyde monomethyl ether prepared via Schiff base condensation to prepare CSLA-MPEG and CSOA-MPEG amphiphilic CS surfactants. The produced surfactants were converted to nanoparticles using methylene chloride as emulsifying solvent followed by crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate. The chemical structure of the prepared CS amphiphilic surfactants were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR analyses. The particle size distribution of the prepared nanoparticles was characterized by DLS measurements. The surface activities and contact angle measurements of the amphiphilic CS nanoparticles solutions were measured using drop shape analyzer (DSA). The corrosion inhibition measurements of CSLA-MPEG and CSOA-MPEG nanoparticles on steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution were investigated using electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods.