5th Day Of Life Research Articles

The effect of early administration of antibiotics or feeding a diet containing coccidiostats on the level of their accumulation in liver and the redox status of turkeys

Early administration of antibiotics may worsen the functioning of the turkeys’ antioxidant system. It was also assumed that the longer the time of administration of an antibiotic, e.g. a coccidiostat, the greater the risk of its accumulation in the liver. The study aimed to determine whether early administration of antibiotics or feeding a diet containing coccidiostats causes accumulation in the liver and whether it affects the deterioration of the antioxidant system, and whether preventive vaccinations can intensify it. A total of 3 080 female turkeys were randomly allocated to eight groups. The experiment had a two-factorial design, with four treatments (C, M, E, D) and two groups of birds (vaccinated +, unvaccinated −). The C group did not receive the coccidiostat or antibiotics. Group M was administered monensin at 90 mg/kg feed for 56 days of life. Group E received enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg BW, and group D received doxycycline at 50 mg/kg BW, added to drinking water, for the first 5 days of life. One-day-old turkeys from groups C+, M+, E+, and D+ were administered live-attenuated vaccines against turkey rhinotracheitis and Newcastle disease by coarse spray; 28-day-old birds were administered a subcutaneously injected inactivated vaccine against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Turkeys from groups C-, M-, E-, and D- were not vaccinated. It was determined that as a result of administration of enrofloxacin or doxycycline until the 5th day of life, biotransformation of these antibiotics occurred in the liver until the 56th day of life of the turkeys, which was confirmed by their lower level than the Maximum Residue Level. Because the concentration of monensin in the liver of turkeys gradually increased with the extension of the time of its administration in the diet, it is probable that discontinuing its addition a day before the slaughter of birds will result in the presence of this coccidiostat in the liver of turkeys. Despite the accumulation of monensin in the liver of turkeys, this coccidiostat did not increase oxidative reactions in the organism of turkeys. Vaccination of turkeys can reduce oxidative reactions and apoptosis in the body. However, the effect of the redox system reaction is different immediately after vaccination, which is due to the mechanism of action of the immune system. If it is necessary to administer an antibiotic in the early rearing period, the effects of doxycycline on the organism’s immunity including antioxidant defence will be less severe than those of enrofloxacin.

Hydrocortisone in very preterm neonates for BPD prevention: meta-analysis and effect size modifiers

ObjectivesTo clarify if systemic hydrocortisone, in protocols allowing to start it before the 15th day of life, prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or other adverse outcomes in very preterm neonates, and...

Impact of Early- and High-Dose Caffeine on the Cerebellum Development in Newborn Rats

Introduction: Preterm newborns struggle with maintaining an adequate respiratory pattern; early caffeine administration is suggested to stimulate respiration and reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia, however, its consequences on the immature cerebellum remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of early caffeine administration, at standard and high doses, accompanied by supplemental oxygen on cerebellar development in an experimental model. Methods: Five groups of Wistar pups were formed (n = 8 offspring/group): (a) negative control: no intervention; (b) placebo: pups remaining from birth until the 7th day of life (DOL) exposed to fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) 45%, resembling preterm infant condition and as a placebo, 0.2 mL oral 5% dextrose, from the first DOL until the 14th DOL; (c) caffeine group: oral caffeine, 1st DOL 20 mg/kg, and from 2nd to 14th DOL, 5 mg/kg (standard dose); (d) caffeine at the standard dose, plus O2: during the first 7 DOLs (FiO2: 45%); (e) caffeine: 40 mg/kg in the first DOL, 10 mg/kg the next 14 DOLs, plus O2 in the first 7 DOLs (FiO2: 45%). Subjects were sacrificed on their 15th DOL; measurements were taken from the cerebellum, specifically the external granular layer (EGL) and molecular layer (ML), with quantification of cell migration. Results: Caffeine administration in pups resulted in a delay in cerebellum development based on persistent transitional EGL cells; this finding was exacerbated in groups exposed to caffeine plus O2, as evident from the thicker EGL. The negative control group showed near-complete cell migration with a thicker ML and a significantly smaller EGL. Conclusions: Early caffeine administration in newborn rats disrupts cerebellar cortex cell processes and connectivity pathways, with exacerbated effects in groups receiving caffeine plus O2.

LEUCINOSIS IN THE PRACTICE OF A NEONATOLOGIST (clinical case)

Background. Leucinosis ("maple syrup urine disease ") is a hereditary disease with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, the basis of which is a violation of the metabolism of organic amino acids. The disease is characterized by the development of a life-threatening condition, accompanied by developmental delay, suppression of neuro-reflex excitability, a specific smell of urine (the smell of "maple syrup"), ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia. There are five clinical phenotypes of leucinosis: classic, intermediate, intermittent, E3-deficient, and thiamine-sensitive. Aim: To expand the knowledge of pediatricians and neonatologists regarding the clinical and paraclinical features of the course of leucinosis. Materials and methods. The article presents a clinical case of clinical-paraclinical and molecular-genetic features of the course of leucinosis with manifestation in the neonatal period. Description of a clinical case. Boy I., from the third pregnancy, which occurred against the background of anemia of the 1st century and chronic pyelonephritis. The first pregnancy ended with the birth of a boy who died at the age of 2 months due to the manifestations of neonatal dehydration and convulsive syndrome (14 years ago); second pregnancy - miscarriage at 6 weeks of pregnancy. From the 5th day of life, the child's restlessness, refusal to eat, weak sucking and weight loss were noted. During the 7-8th day of life, the child had an expiratory moan. On the 9th day, tonic convulsions appeared. During the stay at the NICU, a positive result of neonatal screening for leucine was obtained twice. According to the results of the conducted molecular genetic research, a mutation of the BCKDHA gene, namely the variant c.632C>T (p.Thr 211 Met) was found in a homozygous state, which confirmed the diagnosis of type Ia leucinosis. Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates that leucinosis is a disease that manifests non-specific and multisystem lesions, is difficult to diagnose and, in the case of untimely started specific treatment, rapidly progresses in the neonatal age and can lead to the development of metabolic decompensation and end in death.

Potential pathogenetic role of a novel ABCC8 missense variant on both transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and fetal growth restriction: a case report.

The diagnosis of neonatal diabetes can be problematic in preterm infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Growth restricted fetuses may have impaired insulin production and secretion; low birthweight infants may have a reduced response to insulin. We report a novel missense ABCC8 variant associated with a clinical phenotype compatible with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) in a fetal growth restricted preterm infant. A preterm growth restricted infant experienced hyperglycemia from the first day of life, requiring insulin therapy on the 13th and 15th day of life and leading to the diagnosis of TNDM. Glycemic values normalized from the 35th day of life onwards. Genetic screening was performed by next generation sequencing, using a Clinical Exon panel of 4800 genes, filtered for those associated with the clinical presentation and by means of methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis to identify chromosomal aberrations at 6q24. Genetic tests excluded defects at 6q24 and were negative for KCNJ11, SLC2A2 (GLUT-2) and HNF1B, but revealed the presence of the heterozygous missense variant c.2959T > C (p.Ser987Pro) in ABCC8 gene. The presence of the variant was excluded in parents' DNA and the proband variant was then considered de novo. In our infant, the persistence of hyperglycemia beyond 3 weeks of life led us to the diagnosis of TNDM and to hypothesize a possible genetic cause. The genetic variant we found could be, most likely, the main cause of both FGR and TNDM.

INFLUENCE OF FEED ADDITIVE "ENZAKTIVE MIX" ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE BLOOD OF SOWS AND THEIR PIGLETS

The dynamics of the haematological profile changes and the productivity of sows and piglets obtained from them when feeding the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" were described in the article. The feed additive contains yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an activity of at least 1.5 x 10^10 CFU/g and a six enzymes complex with protease, cellulase, xylanase, ɑ-amylase, β-gluconase, phytase, which are located under the layer of yeast cells. The results of the study showed that the use of "EnzActive Mix" in sows and their piglets’ diet has a stimulating effect on the oxygen transport function of blood. This is evidenced by a higher number of erythrocytes and platelets, a higher concentration of haemoglobin and haematocrit in the blood of sows of the experimental group compared to the control group on 21st day of lactation (p<0.05). Addition of the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" to the diet caused changes in certain forms of leukocytes ratio in the sows’ blood. Thus, during this period, a higher (p<0.05) relative lymphocytes number and a tendency to decrease of segmented neutrophils number in the blood of experimental group sows compared to the control group were found. Similar changes were noted in the haematological parameters study of piglets obtained from these sows. In particular, the leukocytes number in the blood of the experimental group piglets at 5-, 14- and 28-day age was higher than in their peers of the control group. At the same time, on the 5th day of life, the differences relatively to the control group animals were significant (p<0.05). Feeding of the feed additive led to a decrease in the segmented neutrophils relative number in the blood of the experimental group piglets on the 14th and 28th day of life (p<0.05) and an increase in the lymphocytes number (p<0.05) during the indicated periods of the study. The positive effect of the feed additive "EnzActive Mix" on the productivity parameters of the studied animals was established. In particular, the body weight of experimental group piglets at 5-, 14- and 28-day age was 7.8%, 13.7% (p<0.05) and 8.4% (p<0.01) higher, respectively, than that of the control group.

SEPSIS-LIKE СИНДРОМ У НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО РЕБЕНКА ПРИ НАРУШЕНИИ ЦИКЛА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МОЧЕВИНЫ

Sepsis-like syndrome is a septic–like syndrome. The pathogenesis of Sepsis-like syndrome is based on the hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Hereditary metabolic disorders, including in violation of the urea formation cycle, can occur with the clinic of Sepsis-like syndrome. Ammonium easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier, causes neurotoxic effects, damages glial cells, increases osmolarity, which leads to cerebral edema. The symptoms are similar to hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, meningoencephalitis, intrauterine infections, which leads to a differential diagnostic search for causes and the need to exclude an infectious disease. The article presents a clinical case of a newborn with a Sepsis-like syndrome clinic. The girl was born from 2 births naturally at the age of 38 weeks. In the first day of life, there were signs of respiratory failure. She was on mixed feeding. From the 5th day of life, the deterioration of the condition caused by the syndrome of central nervous system depression, with an increase in depression of consciousness up to coma, the development of seizures. Differential diagnosis was performed with intrauterine infections, sepsis, as there was leukocytosis in the blood, increased ESR, ferritin, procalcitonin, and seeding from the cerebrospinal fluid of Micoplasma hominis. The presence of low urea content in the blood serum, up to its absence, made it possible to suspect hereditary metabolic diseases with a violation in the urea cycle. The conducted examinations revealed a total increase in the concentration of amino acids in the blood using the method of tandem mass spectrometry, metabolites in urine and hyperammonemia up to 354 mcg/dl. The newborn received antibacterial therapy, anticonvulsant therapy, sodium benzoate, and was transferred to a specialized therapeutic mixture "Nutrigen". Despite the therapy, neurological symptoms increased and the girl died at the age of 3 months. This clinical case showed the difficulties of differentiation. diagnosis of causes in the presence of Sepsis-like syndrome in newborn children.

Retrospective cohort evaluation of postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity (G-ROP) criteria in a tertiary centre in Turkey.

The postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity (G-ROP) study has proposed a new model to increase the effectiveness of screening retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the G-ROP model in a tertiary centre in Turkey. The medical records of infants screened for ROP in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Babies with a documented ROP result and regular body weight measurements up to the 40th day of life were included in the study, and the G-ROP model was applied. The sensitivity of the G-ROP prediction model in detecting treated ROP, Type 1 ROP, Type 2 ROP, and low-grade ROP and the reduction in the number of babies to be screened by applying the model were calculated. The G-ROP model was applied to a total of 242 infants. While 194 babies were determined for screening, 22 of them were treated. The sensitivity to predict treated ROP was 100%, and the specificity was 21.8%. The model successfully predicted all cases of Type 1 ROP in the cohort, while the sensitivity was 90.9% for Type 2 ROP and 90.7% for low-grade ROP. The G-ROP model reduced the number of infants requiring screening by 19.8% in our study. The G-ROP model was successfully validated in our cohort in detecting treated ROP and Type 1 ROP, reducing the number of infants requiring screening by approximately 1 in 5.

Natural resistance and immunological response of young Volyn meat breed to the action of probiotics

To investigate the response of natural resistance and immunological reactions of newborn young animals of the Volyn beef breed to the use of probiotic preparations. To conduct experimental research, three groups were formed from young Volyn meat breeds: the control group was fed only on mother's milk, the first group received a probiotic preparation with Bacillus Subtilis strain in addition to cow's milk, the second experimental group –– Lactobacillus spp. The activity of natural resistance and the body's immune response were studied on the 5th, 10th, and 30th day of the experiment. The level of nonspecific natural resistance was determined by indicators of bactericidal, lysozyme, phagocytic, and complementary activity of blood serum, and the immunological response was determined by the concentration of immunoglobulins of classes G, M, and A in the blood. It was established that starting from the 5th day of life, a difference in the nonspecific resistance of control and experimental animals was noted groups In separate age periods, probiotic supplements had a different degree of influence on the natural resistance of young animals. The greatest difference in the direction of growth in such indicators of non-specific resistance as bactericidal and complementary activity of blood serum was noted under the influence of the probiotic supplement Bacillus Subtilis (I experimental group), and indicators of lysozyme and phagocytic activity of blood serum were greater under the action of Lactobacillus spp. (II experimental group). The difference between indicators of bactericidal activity of blood under the action of Lactobacillus spp. in comparison with the control was at the age of 30 days (16.85 %, Р<0.01), and under the action of Bacillus Subtilis –– at the age of 60 days (25.49 %, Р<0.001). The level of phagocytic and complementary blood activity was the highest at the age of 60 days in the I experimental group –– by 17.17 % (Р<0.001) and 32.57 % (Р<0.001), in the II experimental group –– by 23.20 % (Р <0.001) and 36.34 % (Р<0.001), respectively. Regarding the concentration of immunoglobulins, the largest changes in their indicators were noted in the group that received Lactobacillus spp. Addition of probiotic strains of bacteria to the diet of young animals has a positive effect on the natural resistance and immune response of the body, which in the future will contribute to reducing the level of morbidity in young animals. Key words: calves, probiotics, bacterial strains, microorganisms, immunoglobulins, non-specific resistance of the organism, T-lymphocytes, phagocytic activity, bactericidal activity of blood serum.

Развитие поджелудочной железы у цыплят-бройлеров при включении в рацион синбиотиков и фитобиотика

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the growth and development of the pancreas in broiler chickens when fed with the main diet of synbiotic feed additives and a phytobiotic. Methods. The studies were carried out as part of a scientific and economic experiment on broilers of the Ross-308 cross, formed into a control group and three experimental groups (n = 44). In the diet of chickens of the 1st experimental group, in addition to the main diet from the 5th day of life, the “GerbaStor” synbiotic was introduced in the amount of 0,5 g per 1 kg of feed; the birds of the 2nd experimental group were fed with the main ration the synbiotic “ProStor” in the amount of 0,5 g per 1 kg of feed, the chickens of the 3rd experimental group from the 5th day of life were included in the main ration of the phytobiotic “Aktivo” in the amount of 0,15 g per 1 kg of feed. During the experiment, the mass and morphological and histological state of the pancreas of chickens were evaluated. Results. The absolute and relative mass of the pancreas in broiler chickens treated with the studied drugs was within the physiological limits. Morphohistological studies demonstrated a more active secretory activity of the pancreas in chickens treated with “ProStor” synbiotic and “Aktivo” phytobiotic according to the proposed scheme. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time studies have been carried out to study the effect of three new feed additives on the development and morphological and histological state of the pancreas of broiler chickens. A conclusion was made about the favorable effect of the studied preparations on the structure and functions of the analyzed organ, which, in turn, is a biological prerequisite for its positive effect on the digestibility and use of feed nutrients, and, consequently, on the main indicators of poultry productivity.

Comparative study of the hypoglycemic and cardioprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonist exenatide, insulin and their combined use in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes

Introduction. Insulin therapy used during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a high risk of hypoglycemia and high glycemic variability. Therefore, the search for optimal therapeutic approaches which affect both cardioprotection and glycemic correction is relevant. It is known that agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP1) exhibit a protective effect on the myocardium and are involved in the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism. The combined use of аGLP1 exenatide and insulin can be more effective and safe but not insufficiently studied.The aim of this study was the comparative investigation of the effect of exenatide, insulin, and their combination on the volume of myocardial damage and the level of glycemia in the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/RP) model in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM2).Materials and methods. Neonatal streptozotocin diabetes was modeled in male Wistar rats on the 4th–5th day of life. At the age of 3 months, I/RP was fulfilled in animals with confirmed hyperglycemia. Experimental groups were formed depending on the time of therapy with insulin, exenatide, or their combination; before or after ischemia. Ischemia lasted for 40 min, while reperfusion was 120 min. The size of the myocardium necrosis zone and the changes in glycemia level and its variability were determined.Results. Insulin reduced glycemia, but it increased glycemic variability by 60 % and caused hypoglycemia in 32–37 % of animals. Exenatide reduced blood glucose concentration to the level of fasting glycemia and glycemic variability by 1.5–2 times compared with insulin. Exenatide given before ischemia reduced the area of necrosis by 2.2 times. The combined use of insulin and exenatide was accompanied by the absence of hypoglycemia and a decrease in the necrosis zone by 3.2 times compared to the control.Conclusion. The combined use of aGLP1exenatide and insulin in experimental conditions of I/RP+DM2 is the most effective and safe. This makes promising their joint use in patients with DM2, both at high risk of AMI and those undergoing AMI.

Congenital methemoglobinemia and abnormal hemoglobin M variant in a newborn with cyanosis

Congenital methemoglobinemia, especially caused by pathological hemoglobin M, is an extremely rare cause of cyanosis in newborns. The time to onset and severity of clinical manifestations in hemoglobin M disease depends on which globin chain the mutation occurred in.Purpose. To present the case of congenital methemoglobinemia associated with hemoglobin M disease, not recognized in the neonatal period, to summarize the data on diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis for this pathology.Clinical case. In a full-term child without organ pathology, the development of diffuse cyanosis in the early neonatal period, a decrease in pSO2 of 70%, resistant to oxygen therapy, and increasing anemia were noted. The level of methemoglobin is up to a maximum of 17%. A decrease in the level of methemoglobin to 5.7% and stabilization of pSO2 >90% were obtained after two transfusions of erythrocyte suspension. No pathological forms of hemoglobin were detected during electrophoresis on the 5th day of life. Repeated electrophoresis at the age of 5 months revealed a pathological hemoglobin fraction of 8.9% corresponding to hemoglobin M Iwate. During the first year of observation, the growth and development of the child corresponds to the age norm. Stable acrocyanosis. Methemoglobin in the blood remains at the level of 8.7–8.9% without specific therapy for the last 6 months.Conclusion. The diagnosis of congenital methemoglobinemia due to the presence of defective hemoglobin M (M-hemoglobinopathy) was established basing on the high persistent level of methemoglobin (9–12%) and hemoglobin electrophoresis identified an abnormal hemoglobin M (HbM Iwate) variant.

Clinical significance of correlation between persistent pulmonary hypertension and 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine level in premature newborns.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension is a problem that leads to high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In clinical studies, oxidative stress (OS) contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The most specific biomarker of OS in preterm infants is urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).The aim of the study was to determine the clinical correlation between the value of 8-OHdG and the level of a mean pressure in the pulmonary artery (mPAP) in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and asphyxia in the early neonatal period. Determination of the urinary 8-OHdG value and PH in 96 premature infants born at gestational age of 26-32 weeks on the 1st and the 3rd-5th days of life in two groups: group I -52 children with respiratory distress syndrome; II -44 children with RDS associated with perinatal asphyxia. The 2nd group of children had higher average mPAP level, mmHg, both in the 1st and in the 3rd-5th day of life compared with the 1st group. The value of the urinary 8-OHdG correlated with the manifestation of PH that required prolonged respiratory support in group II. Perinatal asphyxia in preterm infants with RDS on the 1st day of life complicates the course of PH, as indicated by a higher level of the urinary 8-OHdG and correlated to mPAP. Gender characteristics of the dynamics of 8-OHdG levels in children with perinatal pathology reveal reduced adaptability and reactivity of boys to OS at birth.

Unilateral erythema in a newborn

A 10-day-old newborn male was referred to our clinic for the evaluation of congenital dermal melanocytosis. During the physical examination, when the baby was lying on his side, a sharply demarcated erythema involving half of his body was noticed (Figure 1). The change of colour lasted a few minutes. The baby was otherwise healthy, and no additional signs were observed. The baby's mother reported only one other isolated similar episode of about the same duration occurring at home when the baby was lying naked on the changing table. HP is a rare event that consists of a sudden unilateral transient change in skin colour with a sharp demarcation along the body midline, resulting in two different body colours.1 HP usually occurs between the 3rd and 4th day of life, and typically appears when the baby is lying on the side and may last from 30 s up to 20 min. It can be a single event or it can be recurrent. Newborns can experience several episodes in just a few days.2 Pathophysiology of HP is still not completely clear although there is evidence to support a sympathetic autonomic dysfunction, probably because of hypothalamic immaturity in the newborn.2 HP represents a benign condition although it has also been reported in the context of hypoxia and as an epiphenomenon of central nervous system disorders such as meningitis, hypothalamic and brain stem lesions or sympathetic nervous system lesions. Exacerbation has been described in patients receiving treatment with prostaglandin E1.1, 3 While the clinical characteristics of HP make it easily distinguishable, a differential diagnosis should include infectious neonatal skin rashes, such as parechovirus, herpes virus and candida infection, neonatal lupus erythematosus and capillary malformations such as those in the PROS spectrum and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. HP can be a manifestation of the rare disorder paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, part of SCN9A neuropathic pain syndromes, a group of sodium channelopathies where systemic symptoms such as tonic nonepileptic attacks and syncope with bradycardia are associated with the transient skin colour change.4 HP is a benign and self-resolving phenomenon. As mentioned, only in rare circumstances HP is a manifestation of central nervous system disorders in association with other signs and symptoms and never presenting as the sole clue of such conditions.5 The recognition of the phenomenon is therefore important since, while being certainly peculiar, it does not require further investigations or therapeutic measures. Alice Nadia Rossi wrote the first draft of the manuscript and adjusted it according to the comments of the other authors. Francesco Paolo Salamone collected data and clinical images and helped writing the manuscript. Martina Mussi participated in data collection. Marco Adriano Chessa participated in the revision of the manuscript. Iria Neri carried out the final revision of the manuscript before submission. All of the authors participated in the preparation of the manuscript. There are no prior publications or submissions with any overlapping information, including studies and patients. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. All patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent for participation in the study and the use of their de-identified, anonymized, aggregated data and their case details (including photographs) for publication. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction Caused by a Perforated Duodenal Web

Aim: To report the clinical courses of two patients with intestinal obstruction caused by duodenal web, who were diagnosed with this rare congenital anomaly at Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka in a span of 5 months. Case report: One of the patients was prenatally suspected to have duodenal obstruction due to ultrasonographic findings, while the other showed signs of obstruction by not tolerating oral intake from the second day of life (DOL). Ceasing enteral feeding, placing a nasogastric tube and introducing intravenous hydration and parenteral nutrition was performed as initial management. Abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal radiography, upper gastrointestinal contrast study and contrast enema were performed but showed no signs of obstruction. Both patients showed improvement in tolerating oral intake over the next few days. However, the first patient did not tolerate meals exceeding 15 mL of infant formula, and the second patient again did not tolerate any oral intake from the 15th day of life. A broad diagnostic workup was repeated but did not show conclusive evidence of obstruction regarding the first patient. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy found duodenal obstruction of unknown origin regarding the second patient. Laparotomy was performed on the 19th and 25th DOL, respectively. Duodenal web was visualized and excised in both patients following duodenotomy. Postoperative recovery was orderly with minor nonsurgical complications. The patients were discharged from hospital on the 21st and 36th postoperative day, respectively. Conclusions: Diagnosing a perforated duodenal web is often challenging because of possible intermittent nature of its symptoms. Exploratory laparotomy is sometimes required to reach diagnosis.

Состояние кишечника цыплят-бройлеров при включении в рацион фитобиотической добавки

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to assess the state of the intestinal tract in broiler chickens when a phytobiotic preparation is included in the diet. Methods. The studies were carried out as part of a scientific and economic experiment on broilers of the Ross-308 cross, formed into the control and experimental groups (n = 44). The experimental bird, in addition to the main diet, from the 5th day of life received a phytobiotic supplement in the amount of 0.15 g per 1 kg of feed. During the experiment, the following were evaluated: the mass and length of the intestines of chickens; the microflora of the blind processes according to the results of microbiological seeding on the necessary selective nutrient media; morphological and histological changes in the duodenum and caecum. Results. A tendency was revealed to increase the length of the intestine in broiler chickens of the experimental group: at the age of 29 days it was longer than that of chickens in the control group by 3.8 %, at 37 days – by 2.2 %. The inclusion of the phytobiotic in the diet of broilers did not affect the state of the normoflora of the caecum of birds, but had a significant effect on reducing the number of potentially pathogenic representatives of the microbiota – Staphylococcus Saprophyticus and Trichosporon asahii. Morphohistological studies demonstrated moderate inflammation processes in the blind processes in experimental chickens by the end of the technological cycle (37 days) and the presence of activated lymphoid follicles, against the background of a pronounced inflammatory infiltration of this organ in control samples. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time studies have been carried out to study the effect of a new phytobiotic preparation on the development of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, on the composition of the microflora of the blind processes, the morphological and histological state of the duodenum and caecum. A conclusion was made about the favorable effect of the studied preparation on the structure and functions of the analyzed organs, which in turn is a biological prerequisite for its positive effect on the digestibility and use of feed nutrients, and, consequently, on the main indicators of poultry productivity.

Correction of micro biocenosis and physiological processes in piglets under intensive breeding technology

The authors presented the results of a study of the feed additive’s effect on the gastrointestinal tract’s microflora, hematological, biochemical, and production indicators of piglets of the technological group 0-1 month of the Large White breed, Landrace, and Duroc. For the experiment, the authors formed two groups of animals - experimental and control. Piglets of the experimental group were fed with Bimulak Pre feed additive from the 2nd to the 15th day of life. Animals of the experimental group were on the usual diet and did not receive the feed additive. As a result of studies, a positive effect of feed additive Bimulak Pre on enterobiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, and production performance. After the application, the feed additive helps increase the amount of beneficial microflora (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) while reducing lactose-negative variants of Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida in the intestine. Using the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters, the authors found that the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin slightly increased in the experimental group of piglets. In addition, the total number of incremental cytes decreases, the total protein content increases, and the glucose level decrease compared to the check. The use of the additive with the essential diet leads to a reduction in the mortality of piglets, increased preservation of young stock, and an increase in average daily live weight gain and average weight at weaning.

Diafragma mucoso pré-pilórico cursando com vômitos de repetição em recém-nascido - Relato de caso e Revisão da literatura

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a newborn with a pre-pyloric mucosal diaphragm with repercussions on weight gain and food acceptance. This is a rare congenital gastrointestinal malformation and corresponds to approximately 1% of all etiologies of gastrointestinal obstruction in newborns. DESCRIPTION: Female NB, started post-feeding vomiting at 4 hours of life. Multiple attempts of oral feeding reintroduction were performed, episodes of post-feeding vomiting and inadequate weight gain were maintained. Imaging exams did not show intestinal obstruction, an upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) was performed on the 19th day of life, which identified and corrected a pre-pyloric mucous diaphragm with transposition of the membrane by the device. Formula was reintroduced, with a gradual increase in supply and satisfactory weight gain. He was discharged at 24 days of life, with total acceptance of the diet and complete remission of the condition. COMMENTS: This study shows that it is important to consider the performance of UDE in cases of prolonged neonatal vomiting, after excluding more prevalent causes, such as APLV and GERD, as it is capable of diagnosing and treating some causes of obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the diaphragm pre-pyloric mucosa.

DIAFRAGMA MUCOSO PRÉ-PILÓRICO CURSANDO COM VÔMITOS DE REPETIÇÃO EM RECÉM-NASCIDO - RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Objective: To report the case of a newborn with a pre-pyloric mucosal diaphragm with repercussions on weight gain and food acceptance. This is a rare congenital gastrointestinal malformation and corresponds to approximately 1% of all etiologies of gastrointestinal obstruction in newborns. Description: Female NB, started post-feeding vomiting at 4 hours of life. Multiple attempts of oral feeding reintroduction were performed, episodes of post-feeding vomiting and inadequate weight gain were maintained. Imaging exams did not show intestinal obstruction, an upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) was performed on the 19th day of life, which identified and corrected a pre-pyloric mucous diaphragm with transposition of the membrane by the device. Formula was reintroduced, with a gradual increase in supply and satisfactory weight gain. He was discharged at 24 days of life, with total acceptance of the diet and complete remission of the condition. Comments: This study shows that it is important to consider the performance of UDE in cases of prolonged neonatal vomiting, after excluding more prevalent causes, such as APLV and GERD, as it is capable of diagnosing and treating some causes of obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the diaphragm prepyloric mucosa.

Multifocal Neonatal Osteomyelitis: Case Report

Neonatal osteomyelitis may present with very few clinical signs and symptoms, which makes prompt diagnosis challenging. Delayed treatment may result in serious long-term consequences. Moreover, all patients should be followed up for orthopaedic sequelae. Here we describe a case of neonatal osteomyelitis, at multiple sites. A preterm male presented with fever and mild abdominal distension on the 14th day of life. Investigations were done to rule out sepsis, meningitis and other common cause of fever. Despite starting empiric antibiotic coverage immediately, fever continued followed by respiratory distress, tachypnea and tachycardia. Three weeks later baby became pale and irritable with cell count of 34,450/cumm and was shifted to neonatal intensive care unit. In subsequent days, baby developed swelling in right thigh and knee region with paucity of movements, however ultrasonography failed to detect any pathology. Blood culture revealed methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, after which injection vancomycin was started, after which fever subsided and the baby’s general condition improved clinically. Ultrasonography suggested effusion in left shoulder and right knee, probably of infective etiology. Drainage and decompression with arthrotomy helped us evacuate sero-sanguinous turbid fluid and granulation tissue, which were sent for histopathological examination which diagnosed pyogenic synovitis. On 40th day of life the patient was discharged healthy.