6-month Recall Research Articles

Effect of Supportive Peri-implant Care After Treatment of Peri- Implant Diseases: A Systematic Review.

This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of supportive peri- implant care (SPIC) on peri-implant tissue health and disease recurrence following the non surgical and surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases. The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023468656). A literature search was conducted to identify investigations that fulfilled a set of pre-defined eligibility criteria based on the PICO question: what is the effect of SPIC upon peri-implant tissue stability following non-surgical and surgical interventions for the treatment of peri-implant diseases in adult human subjects? Data on SPIC (protocol, frequency, and compliance), clinical and radiographic outcomes, and other variables of interest were extracted and subsequently categorized and analyzed. A total of 8 studies, with 288 patients and 512 implants previously diagnosed with peri-implantitis were included. No studies including peri-implant mucositis fit the eligibility criteria. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were similar independently of specific SPIC features. Nevertheless, a 3-month recall interval was generally associated with a slightly lower percentage of disease recurrence. The absence of disease recurrence at the final follow-up period (mean of 58.7±25.7 months) ranged between 23.3% and 90.3%. However, when the most favorable definition of disease recurrence reported in the selected studies was used, mean disease recurrence was 28.5% at baseline, considered 1 year after treatment for this investigation, and increased to 47.2% after 2 years of follow-up. In conclusion, regardless of the SPIC interval and protocol, disease recurrence tends to increase over time after the treatment of peri-implantitis, occasionally requiring additional interventions.

Comparisons and correlations of 1-month recall vs 24-hour recall in patient-reported outcomes of an exploratory, phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of sildenafil cream, 3.6% for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder.

Efficacy assessments in clinical trials of treatments for female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) and other female sexual dysfunction (FSD) diagnoses rely on various patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We sought to compare 1-month recall PRO measures among participants enrolled in a clinical trial who provided these data without (test population) vs with (control population) use of an at-home, 24-hour recall electronic diary (eDiary), capturing similar data. Preplanned subset analysis as performed during a phase 2b, exploratory, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of sildenafil cream, 3.6% (sildenafil cream) among healthy premenopausal women with FSAD. Preliminary product efficacy was assessed via 1-month recall and 24-hour recall questionnaires. A subset of the participants, the Evaluation of Recall Subset [ERS] provided PROs via the 1-month recall instruments but did not provide data via the 24-hour recall eDiary. Responses to the 1-month recall instruments were compared among ERS (test) vs non-ERS (control) participants. Among the non-ERS population, correlations between 1-month and 24-hour recall endpoints were calculated. There were no significant differences in the study co-primary 1-month recall efficacy endpoints, the Arousal Sensation (AS) domain of the 28-item Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ28) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale - Desire, Arousal, Orgasm question 14, among ERS vs non-ERS participants during the initial 1-month no-drug run-in period or the 1-month single-blind placebo run-in period (P values > .47). Scores on these 1-month recall PROs continued to be similar after randomization for sildenafil cream (P values > .30) and placebo cream (P values > .20) assigned ERS and non-ERS participants during the 3-month double-blind dosing period. There were strong correlations between the SFQ28 AS and eDiary AS scores during the no-drug run-in (R= 0.79, P< .01) and the single-blind run-in (R= 0.73 P< .001). During the double-blind dosing period, the SFQ28 AS score continued to be highly correlated with the eDiary AS score among sildenafil cream users (R= 0.83; P< .001) and placebo cream users (R= 0.8; 2 P< .001). There was no evidence that 1-month recall PRO instruments introduce recall bias; assessing arousal sensations with 24-hour vs 1-month PRO instruments is similar and either method could be used to assess efficacy depending on study objectives. This preplanned subset analysis compared efficacy of PROs based on recall duration. While the subset was preplanned, the study was powered to detect significant differences in the primary efficacy objectives, not among this subset analyses. These data will be used in planning future efficacy assessments of sildenafil cream for FSAD. This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04948151.

Flowable bulk-fill versus layering restorative material on Class II restorations: A randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the clinical performance of Class II restorations made with flowable bulk-fill base versus conventional layering ORMOCER-based restorative material in a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. MethodsThirty patients received two class II restorations (n = 60) performed with different strategies. All preparations received the application of the universal self-etching adhesive system according to the manufacturer's recommendation, followed by the placement of a sectional matrix, wooden wedge, and separation ring. The first restoration was performed using 4 mm of flowable bulk-fill material covered by 2 mm of conventional viscosity restorative material (Bulk-fill technique). The second restoration was performed only with the conventional viscosity material, with a maximum of 2 mm thick increments, up to fill the cavity (Layering technique). After occlusal adjustment, the same polishing system was used for all restorations. Evaluations using the FDI criteria were conducted after 7 days, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed with the Fisher's Exact test (α=0.05). ResultsFrom 30 participants, 24 attended the 24-month recall, and 48 restorations were evaluated. All restorations received acceptable overall scores for esthetic and biological properties after this period, while only 6.66 % of the restorations exhibited unacceptable overall scores for the functional properties in both groups. No significant differences between the tested restorative materials and techniques were found for each FDI criterion assessed. The success rate after 2 years was 93.33 % for both groups. ConclusionBoth restorative materials exhibited good clinical performance for the parameters analyzed with no differences between them after 24-month follow-up. Clinical relevanceFlowable bulk-fill ORMOCER-based material is a suitable alternative for direct Class II restorations, providing good clinical outcomes and simplifying the restorative procedure. Clinical trial registration numberRBR-6mvp9w

Effect of motivational interviewing on preventive strategies for children receiving full-mouth dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial.

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an approach to increase parental compliance to follow up and recall of their children. It has proven to be successful in motivating parents to adopt and maintain preventive child oral health behaviors. To assess the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on prevention strategies for parents of children who have received full-mouth dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). This is a parallel-arm randomized controlled trial. Parents in the treatment arm were randomized and received a combination of motivational interviewing, individualized goal setting, visual aids, and verbal education post-GA. Those in the control arm received the same information by verbal and written education. Both groups were evaluated at 2-week follow-up and 3-month recall. Differences in attendance, oral health knowledge, readiness to change, and parental self-efficacy (PSE) were compared between groups and at return visits. Of 74 parents of children randomly allocated in this study, 22 (61%) and 13 (38%) from the intervention group, and 21 (55%) and 16 (46%) from the control group attended the 2-week, and 3-month follow-up, respectively. The average PSE for participants in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the follow-up visit (p = .0050). Readiness to change dietary habits and average PSE for parents in the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group after receiving the modified preventive strategy.

Comparative clinical evaluation between self-adhesive and conventional bulk-fill composites in class II cavities: A 1-year randomized controlled clinical study.

This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the clinical efficacy of self-adhesive bulk-fill Surefil One with a traditional bulk-fill composite in class II restorations. Sixty-four direct class II composite restorations were categorized into two groups. Group I, control group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Filtek One bulk-fill composite with Scotchbond Universal (SBU) adhesive in self-etch mode, Group II, test group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Surefil One self-adhesive bulk-fill composite. The study involved a follow-up period of 1 year, during which restorations were assessed at baseline (BL), 6 months, and 12 months using Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. A comparison of restoration characteristics was performed utilizing the chi-square test (X2). The significance level was set at 0.05. Filtek One and Surefil One bulk-fill composites revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores over 12-month recalls. Thirty-two patients (64 restorations) were available for all follow-up visits; 100% of the restorations survived. For esthetic properties, Filtek One was far better than Surefil One at all time points. However, in terms of functional and biological properties, both restorations demonstrated comparable performances. Filtek One bulk-fill restorations were superior in terms of surface luster, surface staining, color match, and translucency, but Surefil One restorations performed well and were similar to Filtek One restorations; however, additional advancements and research are needed to obtain better esthetics. Furthermore, longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to assess the clinical potential of both materials. Both Filtek One and Surefil One met the FDI criteria, with Filtek One demonstrating superior esthetic and functional qualities and similar performance regarding biological criteria. Both innovative restorative materials show potential for clinical use. Trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number; NCT06120868:07/11/2023.

Subgingival microbial changes in Down Syndrome adults with periodontitis after chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical therapy and monthly recalls–A 12-month case series study

ObjectivesDown Syndrome (DS) adults are at risk for periodontitis. Previous reports indicated difficulties in periodontopathogen reduction or eradication in DS individuals after periodontal treatment. This case series follows the subgingival microbial changes in adult DS individuals with periodontitis who received chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical therapy plus 12-month recalls. MethodsTwenty periodontitis DS participants (7 females; 25.5 ± 5.6 years of age; 3 with generalized periodontitis) partook in a study involving non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy, twice daily chlorhexidine gel toothbrushing, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and monthly recalls. The subgingival microbiota profile was followed at baseline, 6-, and 12-months post-operation. ResultsDesulfobulbus, Saccharibacteria (TM7), Tannerella, and Porphyromonas were the major subgingival genera in this DS cohort. Favorable chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical treatment outcomes were observed, with the relative abundance of Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041, Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1] bacterium HMT 346 or 349, and Tannerella forsythia significantly reduced at the end of the study, but no significant reduction of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans could be observed. Relative abundance of Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041 and T. forsythia were also found to be significantly associated with plaque, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth (PPD, in mm) at a site level, while the relative abundance of Halomonas pacifica was negatively associated with PPD. ConclusionsSuccessful chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical treatment with hygiene care was accompanied by a subgingival microbial shift involving certain periodontopathogenic species, except P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism underpinning the unchanged relative abundance of the above two pathogens despite favorable clinical responses. Clinical SignificanceDS adults face challenges achieving optimal home care or hygiene for periodontal healing and disease prevention. Chemical adjunct mechanical periodontal therapy plus regular recalls appeared promising clinically and microbiologically, with subgingival periodontopathogenic species reduction. The persistence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in subgingival niches post-treatment warrants further investigation.

Assessing meaningful change in the Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire

BackgroundThe Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire (AIRQ) is a 10-item, yes/no, equally weighted control tool. Lower scores indicate better control. Moreover, 7 impairment items reflect previous 2-week symptoms, and 3 risk items assess previous 12-month exacerbations. The Follow-up AIRQ for use between annual assessments has a 3-month recall period for exacerbation items. ObjectiveTo evaluate the responsiveness of the AIRQ over time and identify a minimal important difference (MID). MethodsThe AIRQ longitudinal study data were analyzed from patients with asthma aged 12 years and older. Anchor-based methods assessed differences in AIRQ scores relative to Patient Global Impression of Change, the accepted MIDs for St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and Asthma Control Test, and exacerbation occurrence over 12 months. Baseline and 12-month data reflected 12-month recall AIRQ scores; Follow-up AIRQ scores were used for 3-, 6-, and 9-month analyses. ResultsA total of 1070 patients were included. The Patient Global Impression of Change rating of “much improved” was associated with AIRQ mean score changes from baseline to months 3, 6, 9, and 12 of −2.0, −1.9, −1.9, and −1.8, respectively. The mean AIRQ score change among patients who met the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire MID (≥4-point decrease) was −1.8 at 6 and 12 months. The AIRQ mean scores decreased from baseline by −2.2 to −2.5 points at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 for patients who met the Asthma Control Test MID (≥ 3-point increase). A 2-point higher baseline AIRQ score was associated with a 1.7 odds ratio of 12-month exacerbation occurrence (95% CI, 1.53-1.89). ConclusionA change score of 2 is recommended as the AIRQ MID.

A two-year prospective study to compare the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns with and without mesial proximal contact loss

Background/purposeInterproximal contact loss may lead to food impaction and result in subsequently periodontal complications. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns (SCs) with and without mesial proximal contact loss after 2 years of follow-up. Material and methodsTwenty-six patients with a total of 40 posterior implant-supported SCs with mesial adjacent natural teeth were observed for 24 months after crown insertion. The mesial proximal contacts were assessed by dental floss, then were classified as tight, weak, and open contacts. The following peri-implant parameters were evaluated, including modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), and probing depth (PD) were conducted at six sites per tooth (mesiofacail, midfacial, distofacial, mesiolingual, mid-lingual and distolingual) in the 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month following visits. Furthermore, radiographs were taken regularly in 12- and 24-month recall sections for measuring the marginal bone loss (MBL). ResultsAt 12-month observation, the incidence rates of weak and open contacts were 22.5 % and 12.5 %; whereas after 24 months of clinical service, the rates came up with 12.9 % and 25.6 %, respectively. No significant differences were found between the tight, weak, and open contact groups in the parameters of MPI, MGI, or PD (P > 0.05) at 12- and 24-month follow-up. None of the mean differences of the peri-implant parameters: MPI, MGI, PD and MBL had significant differences between the tight, weak, and open contact groups after 1 and 2 years of clinical service (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe presence of open, weak, and tight mesial proximal contacts had no significant effects on the peri-implant tissue conditions.

Evaluating the agreement between different substance use recall periods in multiple HIV cohorts

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the agreement in substance use on both binary and ordinal scales between 3-month and 6-month recall periods with samples from different communities, demographic backgrounds, and HIV status. MethodsWe administered the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to 799 participants from three different North American cohorts focused on substance use and HIV. We conducted a within-person agreement analysis by calculating the agreement levels and Kappa statistic between data collected using the 3-month recall ASSIST and 6-month custom substance use surveys as well as different terminology for each substance in multiple cohorts. ResultsFor all drugs studied, the agreement on the binary use or ordinal frequency of use metrics showed a high agreement level between 80.4% and 97.9% and an adequate adjusted kappa value between 0.61 and 0.96, suggesting substantial agreement. According to the agreement criteria we proposed, substance use data collected using different recall periods and with variation in drug names can be harmonized across cohorts. ConclusionsThis study is the first to evaluate the feasibility of data harmonization of substance use by demonstrating high level of agreement between different recall periods in different cohorts. The results can inform data harmonization efforts in consortia where data are collected from cohorts using different questions and recall periods.

Agreement between self-reports and statutory health insurance claims data on healthcare utilization in patients with mental disorders

BackgroundData on resource use are frequently required for healthcare assessments. Studies on healthcare utilization (HCU) in individuals with mental disorders have analyzed both self-reports and administrative data. Source of data may affect the quality of analysis and compromise the accuracy of results. We sought to ascertain the degree of agreement between self-reports and statutory health insurance (SHI) fund claims data from patients with mental disorders.MethodsClaims data from six German SHI and self-reports were obtained along with a cost-effectiveness analysis performed as a part of a controlled prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in 18 psychiatric hospitals in Germany (PsychCare), including patients with pre-defined psychiatric disorders. Self-reports were collected using the German adaption of the Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory (CSSRI) questionnaire with a 6-month recall period. Data linkage was performed using a unique pseudonymized identifier. Missing responses were coded as non-use for all analyses. HCU was calculated for inpatient and outpatient care, day-care services, home treatment, and pharmaceuticals. Concordance was measured using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Regression approaches were used to investigate the effect of independent variables on the agreements.ResultsIn total 274 participants (mean age 47.8 [SD = 14.2] years; 47.08% women) were included in the analysis. No significant differences were observed between the linked and unlinked patients in terms of baseline characteristics. Total agreements values were 63.9% (κ = 0.03; PABAK = 0.28) for outpatient contacts, 69.3% (κ = 0.25; PABAK = 0.39) for medication use, 81.0% (κ = 0.56; PABAK = 0.62) for inpatient days and 86.1% (κ = 0.67; PABAK = 0.72) for day-care services. There was varied quantitative agreement between data sources, with the poorest agreement for outpatient care (ICC [95% CI] = 0.22 [0.10–0.33]) and the best for psychiatric day-care services (ICC [95% CI] = 0.72 [0.66–0.78]). Marital status and time since first treatment positively affected the chance of agreement on utilization of outpatient services.ConclusionsAlthough there were high levels of absolute agreement, the measures of concordance between administrative records and self-reports were generally minimal to moderate. Healthcare investigations should consider using linked or at least different data sources to estimate HCU for specific utilization areas, where unbiased information can be expected.Trial registrationThis study was part of the multi-center controlled PsychCare trial (German Clinical Trials Register No. DRKS00022535; Date of registration: 2020–10-02).

Abstract 17211: Barriers and Predictors of Physical Activity Maintenance: The STRRIDE I Reunion Cohort

Introduction: STRRIDE I (Studies of Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise) was an 8-month exercise intervention conducted from 1998-2003. Participants were randomized to an inactive control group or one of three exercise groups differing in amount and intensity. Ten years later, participants returned for follow-up assessments as part of the STRRIDE I Reunion study. Hypothesis/Research Questions: 1) What barriers influence physical activity (PA) maintenance ten years following a supervised exercise intervention? 2) What factors predict PA maintenance ten years following a supervised exercise intervention? Methods: At baseline and post-intervention STRRIDE I assess clinical markers including height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, peak V˙O 2 , glucose, insulin, and lipids. For the Reunion study, 104 participants completed a 3-month PA recall questionnaire, which included self-reported barriers to current PA participation. For the clinical variables, baseline, post-intervention, and change scores (post minus baseline values) were used to generate three separate predictive models. Models were generated using a backward bootstrap variable selection algorithm followed by multiple linear regression. Results: Ten years after completing STRRIDE I, the mean self-reported PA was 77.9 + 76.5 minutes/week. The most commonly reported barriers to PA maintenance were lack of self-motivation (41%), time constraints (33%), illness or injury (29%), and family obligations (23%). The model utilizing baseline variables as predictors of PA maintenance had an adjusted R 2 value of 0.05, while the model utilizing post-intervention variables had an adjusted R 2 of 0.12. The model utilizing change scores to predict PA maintenance had an adjusted R 2 of 0.17; changes in mean heart rate explained the greatest variance in PA maintenance (partial R 2 = 0.10). Conclusions: Continued PA participation beyond a structured exercise intervention setting continues to be challenging for individuals. When trying to predict PA maintenance, where you start or how you finish the intervention may not be as imperative; rather, how you respond in certain variables may be the most important predictors of PA maintenance.

Effects of maintenance implant therapy with and without periodic removal and decontamination of prosthetic components on inflammatory peri-implant parameters.

A retrospective analysis based on patient records was used to assess inflammatory clinical and biochemical parameters around dental implants installed by the same clinician in a private clinic. The plaque index (PI), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), mucosa! recession (MR) bleeding on probing (BOP) and radiographic marginal bone level were determined at baseline and at each year during the follow-up period. Moreover, at last follow-up visit the peri-implant intrasulcular levels of active metalloproteinasis 8 (aMMP-8) were also assessed. All participants were under MT with a 6-month recall interval. Ninety-two patients with 132 implants were selected. At the end of the study period, 12 patients with 12 implants were classified as "dropouts". Remained 80 patients and 120 implants were classified into two groups: Group 1, (42 patients with 62 implants) received MT with periodic removal and decontamination of prosthetic components; Group 2, (38 patients with 58 implants) received MT without periodic removal and decontamination of prosthetic components. No statistical differences were found between the groups regarding presence of plaque, probing depth, and mean mucosal recession. Group 1 presented a statistically significant higher number of sites with BOP (12.4% vs. 6.2%). Marginal bone loss was statistically higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (0.23 ± 0.6 mm vs. and 0.78 ± 0.3 mm). Intrasulcular levels of aMMP-8 were statistically higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. The supplemental application of periodic removal and decontamination of prosthetic components during MT had a significant additional benefit in the peri-implant tissues inflammatory status.

Patient perspectives on recall period and response options in patient-reported outcome measures for chronic rhinosinusitis symptomatology: An international multi-centered study.

Existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) use a variety of recall periods and response scales to assess CRS symptom burden. Global perspectives of CRS patients regarding optimal recall periods and response scales for CRS PROMs are unknown. This was a multi-center, cross-sectional study recruiting 461 CRS patients from sites across the United States, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, and Austria. Participants chose which CRS symptom recall period (1 day, 2weeks, 1 month,>1 month) was most reflective of their current disease state and upon which to best base treatment recommendations (including surgery). Participants also chose which of six response scales (one visual analogue scale and five Likert scales ranging from four to eight items) was easiest to use, understand, and preferred. A plurality of participants (40.0%) felt their CRS symptoms' current state was best reflected by a 1-month recall period. However, most patients (56.9%) preferred treatment recommendations to be determined by symptoms experienced over a>1 month period. The four- and five-item Likert scales were the easiest to understand (26.0% and 25.4%, respectively) and use (23.4% and 26.7%, respectively). The five-item (26.4% rating it most preferred and 70.9% rating it preferred) and four-item Likert (22.3% rating it most preferred and 56.4% rating it preferred) response scales were most preferred. Future PROMs for CRS should consider assessment of symptoms over a 1-month period and use a four- or five-item Likert response scale to reflect global patient preferences. These findings also inform interpretation of current CRS PROMs.

A randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of three vital tooth bleaching protocols on oral health-related quality of life

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) resulting from three vital tooth bleaching protocols. MethodsThe participants (n = 105) were randomly assigned to one of three vital bleaching treatment groups: home bleaching (HB), in-office bleaching (IOB), or combined bleaching (CB). HB involved the use of custom-made trays and 10% carbamide peroxide for a 14-day treatment period. IOB utilized 37.5% hydrogen peroxide applied in three cycles. CB treatment involved the use of IOB followed by HB. Tooth colour change was evaluated using a shade guide (ΔVS) and a digital spectrophotometry device (ΔES). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Oral Impact on Daily Performance-22 (OIDP-22) instruments were used to assess changes in OHRQoL at baseline, 15-days and 6-month recalls. Linear mixed models were used to estimate between- and within-group differences. ResultsAll bleaching protocols led to significant improvements in overall OHIP-14 scores at the 6-month recall (p ≤ 0.037). CB and IOB treatments were associated with more substantial positive impacts on overall scores, psychological discomfort, physical disability (CB only), and psychological disability (CB only) compared to HB (p ≤ 0.011). Significant enhancements in OIDP-22 scores were observed in the CB and HB groups at the 6-month recall compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.006), with evidence indicating that these improvements were greater in the CB group compared to the IOB group (p = 0.007). ConclusionAll bleaching treatments demonstrated a positive impact on OHRQoL. However, the positive impact was most consistent across domains and age groups in the CB group. The positive impact was less pronounced in older age groups.

Influence of Crown-to-Implant Ratio on Crestal Bone Loss at Implants with Single Crowns and Bridges: A 5- to 20-Year Long-Term Cohort Study in Patients with Periodontal Disease.

To evaluate how the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio affects the loss of crestal bone at single-crown implants and bridges in patients with periodontal disease. A total of 39 patients treated for periodontitis were rehabilitated with 108 implant-supported single crowns and bridges. Each patient was examined over a 5- to 20-year period on a 3- to 6-month recall schedule. At each session, we recorded periodontal clinical parameters. In addition, intraoral radiographs were taken after superstructure insertion (baseline) and then at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. The study population was divided by anatomical C/I ratio (Group 1: C/I ≤ 1, Group 2: C/I > 1). Implants had a 96.2% 5-year survival rate and 92.6% 20-year survival rate. The overall prevalence was 10.1% for mucositis and 1.1% for peri-implantitis. The survival rate (P = .68), incidence of mucositis (P = .325), and incidence of peri-implantitis (P = .077) did not significantly differ in the group comparison. The mean annual peri-implant bone loss was 0.09 ± 0.41 mm and was not significantly different between the groups. Mean bone loss was not significantly different until the 10th year of observation, during which Group 2 presented significantly less bone loss. The correlation of annual bone loss and clinical C/I ratio showed a small but significant negative effect throughout the entire study period (R = -0.217; P < .01). Increased crestal bone loss was not observed with implants with higher C/I ratios, both anatomical and clinical, and they even showed signs of less crestal bone loss.

Correlation between crestal bone loss and PPD at teeth and implants: a 5- to 20-year long-term cohort study in patients with treated periodontal disease.

The correlation between crestal bone loss at teeth and probing pocket depth (PPD) has been established. Whether these findings can also be applied to implants is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between crestal bone loss and PPD at teeth and implants. Thirty-one periodontitis-susceptible patients were rehabilitated with fixed implant-supported single crowns and fixed partial dentures. Each patient was examined over a 5- to 20-year period in a 3- to 6-month strict recall program. At each session, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded at teeth and implants. In addition, standardized periapical radiographs were taken after superstructure insertion (baseline) and then at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. The survival rate of implants (94.0%) and teeth (97.3%) did not significantly differ in all patients after 20 years (P = .68). Almost all patients had a PPD ≥ 5 mm at implants and teeth throughout the observation period. The crestal bone loss at implants and teeth increased continuously, especially in patients with advanced periodontitis, without a correlation with PPD. A few patients (n = 5) had a PPD ≥ 5 mm and annual bone loss ≥ 0.2 mm at one implant, with a correlation between bone loss and PPD. In healthy implants and teeth, moderate crestal bone loss is present without correlation with PPD. A few patients showed progressive crestal bone loss at only one implant, with a correlation with PPD.

Food Insecurity and Perceived Effects of COVID-19 on Livelihoods in Rural Sri Lanka.

Little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected food security and livelihoods in Sri Lanka. This article aims to assess food insecurity, perceived effects of COVID-19, and coping mechanisms among agriculture-based households in rural Sri Lanka. We used 2 rounds of panel data from phone surveys (n = 1057 households) conducted in 5 districts. Food insecurity (30-day recall), perceived impacts of COVID-19 (6-month recall), and coping mechanisms (6-month recall) were assessed using a household questionnaire. To assess food insecurity, we used the 8-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale. We tested for differences between T1 (baseline: December 2020-February 2021) and T2 (follow-up: July 2021-September 2021) and explored the association between food insecurity and the perceived effect of COVID-19 on income using a logistic regression model. Food insecurity was highly prevalent (T1: 75%, T2: 80%) but varied across districts. Most respondents were affected by COVID-19 and/or COVID-19-associated mitigation measures (T1: 84%, T2: 89%). Among affected households, commonly reported impacts included those on income (T1: 77%, T2: 76%), food costs (T1: 84%, T2: 83%), and travel (∼90% in both rounds). Agricultural activities were also adversely affected (T1: 64%, T2: 69%). About half of COVID-19-affected households reported selling livestock or assets to meet basic needs. Households whose income was impacted by COVID-19 were more likely to be food insecure (adjusted odds ratio: 2.56, P < .001). Households in rural Sri Lanka experienced food insecurity and livelihood disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional surveys are needed to assess recovery post-COVID-19 and to understand if programs that support livelihoods have been protective.

Predictors of correct recall of genetic risk information among Hispanic individuals in Florida and Puerto Rico

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of genetic risk recall and examine whether recall influences adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors among Hispanic individuals. MethodsHispanic participants randomized to intervention arms (n = 463) of a precision prevention trial were provided MC1R risk information (average, higher) and asked to recall their risk after 3 and 9 months. Predictors of recall (correct versus did not recall/misremembered) were determined by backwards stepwise logistic regression. Intervention effects on preventive behaviors were estimated within strata of 3-month recall. ResultsAge inversely predicted correct recall in both risk groups (average: OR3-months(3)= 0.97, 95%CI:0.94–1.01, OR9-months(9)= 0.96, 95%CI:0.93–0.99; higher: OR3 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95–1.01, OR9 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95–1.00). Education positively predicted recall among participants at average risk (OR3 =1.64, 95%CI:1.06–2.63, OR9 =1.73, 95%CI:1.12–2.81). Darker untanned skin color inversely predicted recall among participants at higher risk (OR3 =0.68, 95%CI:0.45–0.99, OR9 =0.74, 95%CI:0.50–1.09). Intervention effects for routine sunscreen use and undergoing a clinical skin exam were stronger among participants at higher risk who correctly recalled at 3 months than those who did not recall/misremembered. ConclusionsYounger age, higher education, and lighter untanned skin color predicted correct recall. Better recall may improve skin cancer prevention outcomes. Practice ImplicationsAdditional strategies are needed to boost recall among Hispanic individuals who are older, less educated, and darker-skinned.

Out of time, out of mind: Multifaceted time perceptions and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Individuals commonly report feeling rushed in industrial societies such as the United States. However, social and economic upheavals such as disasters, recessions, and pandemics complicate perceptions of time by disrupting routines and creating experiences of trauma. In existing research, time perceptions usually are studied separately, leaving unclear how individuals in the United States might experience time in multifaceted ways while working, caring, and grieving. Moreover, previous research has not established whether multifaceted time perceptions each carry independent influences on mental wellbeing, or how they are shaped by sociodemographic background or pandemic-related stressors. Drawing on national Gallup data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2021), we find that Americans generally report some degree of feeling rushed, and also perceive multiple types of time disorientation involving slowness, quickness, and days and weeks blending together. Perceptions that time is moving too quickly or too slowly show an inverse relationship, as expected. Feeling rushed and that days or weeks are blending together also show relationships with both of these perceptions over a 3-month recall period. Importantly, we find that each of these time perceptions is shaped uniquely by income, work hours, age, or having children at home, and that each matters for understanding levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and overall sense of mastery or control in life. Pandemic-related stressors, including economic strain, working from home, homeschooling a child, and severe household conflict, also show considerable relationships with these multifaceted time perceptions.

Comparison of the Quality of Life Among the Immediate Loading Implant Overdentures Using the Single and the Double Implants: An Original Study.

In edentulous individuals, single implant-retained mandibular overdentures are an effective substitute for double implant-retained overdentures. In this current research, the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed for the immediate loading overdenture using the implants. The comparisons are drawn between the single and double implants. Forty subjects received single and double implants for the placement of the mandibular overdentures. Within a week days of implant insertion, they were loaded with overdentures. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, the OHRQoL was measured before treatment, one month following treatment, and 12 months thereafter. In both the single implant and double implant groups, participants' mean OHIP-14 scores decreased statistically significantly for the different timelines. For the single implant group, the baseline total mean OHIP-14 score was 14.33, and for double implants, it was 19.15. Following therapy, it decreased to 8.55 in the single implant group and 9.48 for the double implant group at one month, and at 12 months, it further decreased to 3.25 in the single implant group while it was 5.15 in the double implant group. Single and double implants increase the QoL for older subjects who are edentulous at the 1-month and 1-year recall points. When two implants are used by older individuals, the single implant might offer an equivalent quality of life.