Obesity is a rapidly growing global epidemic, marked by the excessive accumulation of body fat that significantly increases the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Far from being merely the result of poor lifestyle choices, obesity is now understood as a complex, multifactorial disease influenced by a combination of genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and physiological processes.[1] The condition is primarily driven by a prolonged imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, leading to sustained weight gain. The rising prevalence of obesity underscores the urgent need for comprehensive prevention and management strategies that not only address the biological underpinnings of the disease but also the broader social and environmental factors contributing to this public health crisis. Early intervention and the use of practical diagnostic tools such as body mass index and waist circumference are crucial in identifying at-risk individuals and implementing effective treatment plans to mitigate the severe health impacts of obesity.

Introduction: Sleep is a vital component of overall health, influencing various physiological and psychological functions. Insufficient or poor-quality sleep has been associated with numerous health problems. Nurses, as health-care providers, play a crucial role in understanding and managing sleep disorders. To address the knowledge gap among healthcare professionals regarding sleep disorders, an advanced training program was implemented.Aim: The study aimed to assess the impact of an advanced training program on the nursing officers’ knowledge regarding sleep disorders and their management.Materials and Methods: Apre-test, post-test design was employed among 400 nursing officers in a government hospital in Dahod, India. A questionnaire was used to check knowledge levels before and after the intervention. Post-test was conducted after 7 days.Results: Significant improvement was observed in nursing officers’ knowledge of sleep disorders after intervention. The paired t-test revealed a significant improvement in the cognizance scores of nursing officers following the advanced training program, with a t-value of 89.79 (t(df) = 399; P < 0.05), increasing from a pre-test mean of 44.54 to a post-test mean of 73.77. The educational program effectively enhanced understanding across various aspects of sleep disorders, including prevention and management strategies. Pre-test cognizance scores did not have a significant association with demographic factors including age, gender, or level of education.Conclusion: The study concludes that the advanced training program was successful in increasing nursing officers’ knowledge about sleep disorders. This enhanced knowledge base can contribute to improved patient care and outcomes.

Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial concerns of parents of intellectually challenged children, to determine the coping mechanisms adopted by the parents, and to associate the psychosocial concerns of parents of mentally challenged people using the chosen demographic factors.Introduction: Mental retardation is among the most common neurologic disorder which makes certain limits in mental, cognitive, and group activities.Materials and Methods: Aquantitative non-experimental research approach based on the transaction-based model of stress and coping by Lazarus and Folkman was used. Totally 150 parents of mentally challenged children at VKM Special School, Valanchery, RICCCH, Manjeri Head Office and Good Hope School, Manjeri, were selected as a sample by purposive sampling. The tools used were demographic pro forma, a structured questionnaire on psychosocial concerns, and the David L Tobin Rating Scale for coping strategies.Results: Only 3.33% of parents got 10 out of 10 scores, 29.33% is the highest positive response, and no parents scored positive responses 1 and 2. 41.33% of the parents maintained an average social support strategy, and 45.33% had average social withdrawal strategy. There is a significant association (P < 0.05) of psychosocial concerns with their demographic variables such as the age of the parent, area of residence, monthly income, and gender of the child.Conclusion: Parents should be motivated to score positive responses by 100% with adequate support. They should be aware of improving coping ability and the actively available multidisciplinary training. Adequate measures to be taken to enhance the bridging between the child and the society.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a planned educational program on high-risk patients’ knowledge and practice of managing early warning signals of myocardial infarction (MI) at a selected metropolitan city hospital. This study employed “Quantitative (Descriptive evaluatory) research approach.” One group is included in this study’s pre-test–post-test design. Selected metropolitan hospital patients at high risk of MI were studied. This study includes high-risk MI patients. Purposive, non-probability sampling was employed in this investigation. The study included 60 patients in its sample size: -test value of 0.52 for (age), with a significance score of P = 0.603. Pre-test scores and age are not substantially associated since t = 0.52 is <2.0017. The gender variable produced a t-test of 0.48 and P = 0.63. Gender-pre-test score association is not significant since t = 0.48 is <2.0017. Education level had a 0.94 t-test and P = 0.34 significance score. Since t = 0.94 is <2.0017, education level does not affect pre-test scores. The family type variable gets a 2.003 t-test and P = 0.049 significance score. T value 2.003 exceeds table value 2.0017, showing a strong family type-pre-test score connection. This study found substantial differences in awareness of early warning indicators and immediate MI therapy before and after organized education. MI knowledge improved dramatically with organized education. This showed that planned teaching reduces disease risk. Thus, nurses must educate such patients to prevent MI incidence and sequelae.

Aggression is an emerging psychological issue in society. Adolescents and aggression are crucial and ardent issues of the current scenario and steps need to be taken to reduce violence among youth. Exposure to media, gadgets, chaotic family environment, and locality can precipitate the aggressive behavior of an individual to a great extent. The rise of conflict with parents is increasing nowadays even though it is regarded as normal during teens. Adolescents generally have an identity crisis, are often temperamental, venture into risky behavior, seek more independence, and love to be in the company of friends rather than family. Aggression is an act of hurting or harming others by direct means such as hitting, kicking, punching, biting, and indirect means like backbiting, rejection, social isolation, telling rumors, using bad words, threatening others. Anger has always been associated with a multitude of problems such as substance abuse, emotional and physical abuse, domestic violence, psychological disturbances like poor concentration, sleeplessness, insecure feeling, and self-mutilative behavior. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a therapeutic intervention that helps in identifying maladaptive cognitive schemas that leads to negative emotions and behaviors. It aids in resolving behavioral problems of adolescents and youths. It inculcates instruction, coaching, and strengthening positive human behaviors and certain intervention strategies such as social skill training, moral reasoning training, and anger management. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a kind of umbrella that covers all kinds of behavioral intervention strategies in psychology

Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of evidence-based communication practice on clinical outcomes among nursing personnel at selected institution. Methods: The researcher adopted the quantitative evaluatory research approach with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample size was 30 nursing personnel from selected institutions. The analysis of the data included both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: Comparing pre-test and post-test scores to assess clinical outcomes, it was reported that 14.81% of adverse events occurred after the post-test, while 33.33% of medication errors occurred after the pre-test. The rate of bedside handover grew from 0% to 16.67%. Clinical documentation were 57.41% in post test. There was a rise in discrepancies from 23.53% to 40.74%. About 12.96% of patients were readmitted. Around 3.7% of subjects saw unexpected patient outcomes. The nurse-to-patient ratio rose from 0% to 3.70%. About 33.33% of the time allotted for handover was sufficient. The structured rating scale (Likert scale) is based on experience related to evidence-based communication practices in healthcare settings. The nursing personnel experience that the Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations (ISBAR) format enhances communication up to 100%. About 81.81% feel adequately trained. About 100% of the sample answered that this format improves patient safety. About 5.45% feel that the format was well-received by their colleagues. About 81.82% feel that it promotes a structured approach. About 81.82% feel a reduction in the information gap. About 72.73% of interdisciplinary collaboration improved. Patient outcomes improved by 81.82%. About 72.73% received training on the ISBAR format. About 81.82% recommended ISBAR to other healthcare professionals. About 72.73% agree to include the ISBAR format in nursing education. Conclusion: The ISBAR tool is useful for enhancing patient safety and treatment quality. It improves patient safety and quality, which is essential for an efficient flow of communication. The study’s conclusion highlights the necessity for increasing the utilization of evidencebased communication techniques.

Infections of the bloodstream that is caused by vascular catheters can be divided into two primary groups both bloodstream infections that can be traced back to catheters and those that can be traced back to central lines. There are clear differences between the two, despite the fact that they are interchangeable. Infections that cannot be traced to an infection unrelated to a catheter but still arise when a central venous catheter is present or within 48 h after the catheter has been withdrawn are referred to as having a “central line-associated bloodstream infection” (CLABSI). A “bundle” of catheter care refers to the provision of care utilizing a consistent combination of actions to reduce the risk of bloodstream infections associated with central lines CLABSIs. Hand hygiene, the use of maximum sterile barriers during line insertion, the washing of the insertion site with chlorhexidine, avoiding the use of the femoral and jugular sites for line insertion, and the timely removal of superfluous catheters are all components of this combination. The implementation of an evidence-based CLABSI prevention bundle and process monitoring by direct observation led to a considerable improvement in reducing the CLABSI rate in adult intensive care unit patients, which was then maintained over time.