The abuse of dominant position by sports regulators is a concerning issue that can significantly impact the integrity and fairness of sports competitions. Sports regulators, who are entrusted with maintaining the balance and promoting fair play within the industry, may sometimes exploit their authority to gain an unfair advantage or control over certain aspects of the sports landscape. When sports regulators abuse their dominant position, several detrimental consequences may arise.Competition law plays a crucial role in ensuring a fair and open market, free from anti-competitive practices. In recent years, there has been increasing attention towards applying competition law principles to oversee the actions of sports regulating bodies. This article aims to explore the potential of competition law in preventing sports governing organizations from abusing their monopoly power. It is imperative that the sports industry and the sports regulator function in an anti-competitive manner and avoid abuse of the powers instilled in them. It delves into suitable legal frameworks, examines relevant cases, and discusses the impact of enforcing competition law within the sports industry. The results highlight the significance of competition laws in fostering equitable competition, safeguarding athletes’ rights, and sustaining a dynamic and competitive sports landscape.

AbstractDespite the socio-economic development, food insecurity and malnutrition are two evils found unexpectedly high around the globe hampering one of the most important human rights, the right to health. The conditions of health of people living in poverty are disproportionately worse than others. India’s obligation to ensure food security and health for all has its roots in International Law. Similarly, the country is also bound to provide these rights under the Constitution of India and the other national legal frameworks. However, India’s position in the recent Food Security Index, as well as Health Index, highlights the inadequacies in the nation’s obligation to guarantee the availability and accessibility of quality food to ensure physical well-being to all. This socio-legal research analysed the status of food insecurity in the State of Gujarat and its impact on urban poor living in the state. The study also has analysed the journey of ‘right to food’ as a fundamental human right under the Indian Legal system and the efficacy and success ratio of the Government initiatives with reference to Sustainable Development Goals. The study found that there is a huge gap in the system as the government schemes lack accessibility and as a result, the majority of the surveyed population are out of ration and also are not utilizing other government schemes for their benefits, hence leading a miserable life.

The shadows of a drug paddler may soon be invisible on the street corner as they have moved to online drug marketplaces called ‘cryptomarkets’. The criminogenic attributes of drug trafficking on cryptomarkets have attracted organized crime groups (OCGs) to make use of technology to further its illicit goals. The OCGs making use of cryptocurrencies help in retaining anonymity to an extent, and makes easier for them to launder their proceeds. There is a dearth of literature explaining the increase in drug trafficking on cryptomarkets by OCGs. In a first attempt of its kind, this paper aims at studying the drug trafficking by OCGs on cryptomarkets and explaining the said conundrum by applying Rational Choice Theory (RCT). It is argued that OCGs make a rational choice of dealing drugs online as the benefits attached to drug trafficking on cryptomarkets outweigh the potential costs, such as getting arrested. Through a qualitative analysis of data and online sources, it is revealed that the participants on cryptomarkets have loose hierarchies and have mostly opportunistic connections. The voluminous sales are made by a handful of entrepreneurs who have OCGs like structures, who operate in smaller groups to minimize the risks. RCT best explains the shift of OCGs to cryptomarkets which is only due to cost – benefit analysis.

The abandonment of seafarers is one of the major challenges that seafarers onboard vessels may face. In 2022, 1555 seafarers were abandoned on 113 ships. The port state's role in seafarer abandonment is crucial because it can assist abandoned seafarers by facilitating their repatriation. In practice, however, it has been seen in many cases that the port state of the vessel had restricted the disembarkation of the abandoned crew from the vessel by citing the reason that the vessel cannot be left unmanned. The present study will assess such measures adopted by the port states in light of International Law instruments, including the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966.

International arbitration has flourished as a private adjudicatory forum and is consistently evolving because of its versatile nature, assimilating the needs of modern arbitration users. Arbitration institutes have bent over backward for the development of international arbitration. All jurisdictions, through sporadic amendments, upgrade their curial law in alignment with the current global arbitration norms. The leading jurisdictions of Southeast Asia, specifically Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong, through timely updates in their curial law and atonement of their premier arbitration institute’s policies incorporating the recent trends, continue to grow and rival each other as regional players in international arbitration. Keeping in mind India’s position in the global market, it is about time that India reserves its name among the leading arbitration hubs in Southeast Asia. Upon consideration of the trifecta of the curial law, the role of the premier arbitral institution, and the deference of the judiciary of a leading arbitration hub, the author through critical analysis, coherent reasoning, and statistical interpretation of data attempts to unveil the following questions raised. Firstly, whether India’s endeavour to strengthen and reinforce institutional arbitration in India vide the Amendment Act, 2019 would derive the desired result. Secondly, whether India’s attempt to become an international hub of arbitration that could rival Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysian arbitration institutes would be successful. Consequently, India’s attempt to march alongside the leading arbitral forces in Southeast Asia is like a lucid dream having the potential of manifestation.

India is the fifth largest economy and stands third in purchasing power parity, according to a report by International monetary fund. According to the 2011 census, 31.16% of India’s total population lived in cities in 2011. Due to population growth and economic growth, construction is rapidly increasing. This is one of the reasons for expanding land use in urban areas. People are adversely impacted by the mega-development projects the State and government initiated. Large-scale land acquisition has resulted in the displacement of people from their land, forests and homes. India has been experiencing certain challenges in rehabilitating the individuals whose lives were disrupted by the construction of industrial projects, which is the primary motivation for this action. Failure to adequately implement resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) strategies and plans results in various obstacles for the People and the governments. Even the Supreme Court has noticed that while dealing with rehabilitation and displacement, there is some administrative deficiency on the part of the State. This paper embarks on the study of land acquisition issues in India while dealing with the newly implemented ‘The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013’ and Rule 2014, the idea of eminent domain, and the acquisitions took place historically in India.

India has been at the forefront of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases even before the countries agreed upon the Paris Agreement. India has designed the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). The effort shows the sensitivity of the country towards the climate issues. The country has seen lot of progress in the direction from laying down the different mission under NAPCC in the year 2008 to submission of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, in 2015. The Country has been making strides to achieve the goals set out in the INDCC. It has been seen that goal pertaining to the installed capacity of renewable energy is on the path of being achieved before the schedule. The commitment with which Indian government has been working towards meeting its targets set out in the INDCC, shows the country is determined to contribute in achieving the climate neutrality, much essential to safeguard the Mother Earth and the humanity. The Researcher has discussed the Policy measures adopted by India in order to achieve the targets set out in the INDCC. The Researcher has relied on the Government data and Report of the independent institutions, in order to analysis the progress of the country with respect to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

National Human Rights Institutions (NHRI) play an important role in monitoring and promoting international human rights norms in a country. However, in order to function as an effective NHRI, they must adhere to the “Paris Principles” of 1993. In 2023 the Indian NHRI prepares to renew its ’A’ grade accreditation. This offers an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the institution in light of the aforementioned Principles. In doing so the authors address both the limitations that hinder the NHRI’s performance and the remedies. Notably, the role of “District Human Rights Courts”, in supporting the NHRI in enhancing its effectiveness.

AimsMaternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition that may cause atherosclerosis in the adulthood of the offspring. The study aims to identify the role of in-utero programming by the placenta in atherogenesis and associated liver pathology in offspring. Main methodsFemale New Zealand white rabbits with normal lipid profiles were fed a 0.3 % HFD after mating. Lipid levels were monitored, and pregnant rabbits were sacrificed at the end of trimester 1, trimester 2, and trimester 3. Placental histology and expression of lipid metabolism genes were studied. Lipid levels, aortic lesions, and mRNA expression of cholesterol synthesis genes were investigated in fetuses at the end of gestation. A group of fetuses was allowed to attain early adulthood to investigate the liver lipid metabolism and atherogenesis with and without an HFD. Key findingsElevated maternal lipid levels and placental gene expression were differentially modulated in HFD-fed mothers. HFD-fed rabbits demonstrated differential expression of the placental genes involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholesterol, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in all three trimesters. It resulted in significant lipid depositions in the placenta, hyperlipidemia, and a decrease in hepatic cholesterol synthesis in fetuses at the end of gestation. There was no atherogenesis in the aorta of offspring at trimester 3, but such offspring of HFD-fed mothers developed atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) with profound steatosis in their early adulthood with and without HFD. SignificanceDiet-induced MHC differentially expressed placental lipid genes that may program the offspring to develop atherosclerosis and associated NAFL in early adulthood.

Abstract National Company Law Tribunals (NCLTs) form the backbone of the institutional setup of the corporate law mechanism. The tribunals though were initially given a minimal role in the judicial procedure of the corporate world and were seen with scepticism, their significance could not be ignored for long. With the increase in insolvency disputes, the NCLTs were even given the jurisdiction to handle the cases regarding the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) . However, the efficiency of these tribunals has to be inspected with respect to CIRP cases for knowing the clear picture. In this paper, an economic analysis of the working of the NCLT Ahmedabad is undertaken to get a better understanding of the efficiency of the NCLTs in general. The study relies on qualitative tools such as interviewers conducted by relevant stakeholders and observing NCLT court proceedings to capture the measurement reality of NCLT efficiency. The study also relies on descriptive statistics of time taken and recovery to measure the efficacy of NCLT.