ABSTRACT This article critically analyses the dynamic role of the Preschool Teachers’ Union in Iceland, tracing its strategic moves within the educational and political spheres from inception to the present. The union’s formative years were marked by a fight to become a fully fledged union and active participation in foundational negotiations that significantly shaped the working conditions and structural policies of preschool education in Iceland. These efforts ultimately enhanced preschool educators’ professional status and working conditions. The union effectively influences wage negotiations, working conditions and policy reforms by leveraging data-driven approaches. The union has also navigated challenges amid neoliberal educational shifts, ensuring teacher representation in public discourses and policymaking with considerable improvements. However, the gains made by the Preschool Teachers’ Union had costs, in terms of professional autonomy and integrity. The article also addresses current challenges, highlighting the union’s adaptability and ongoing advocacy efforts. The data consist of historical documents and interviews with the present union president.

Abstract This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR003) of the Conference Program/Proceedings. Citation Format: Alexandra Bartolomucci, Laura Kienzle, Sarah Tadhg Ferrier, Lisa-Monique Edward, Jeffrey Bruce, Kwang-Bo Joung, Stephenie Prokopec, Wotan Zeng, Abirami Sharma, Kyle Dickinson, Nicholas Bertos, Jonathan Cools-Lartigue, Lorenzo Ferri, Trevor J. Pugh, Julia V. Burnier. ctDNA release kinetics and fragmentation to monitor treatment response and resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B001.

Background. Children with cancer often undergo prolonged and recurrent hospitalization, which leads to an increased incidence of sleep disruptions and psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to objectively quantify the prevalence of sleep disruptions in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients and to determine the effects of psychiatric disorders, treatment regimens, and hospital conditions on sleep patterns. Method. This cross-sectional study included 39 children who were undergoing treatment and monitoring in the pediatric oncology inpatient service. Parents completed questionnaires providing information about their child’s sleep patterns, quality of life, and hospital conditions. The children were monitored for five days using actigraphy to record sleep parameters. They were evaluated with a semi-structured interview form (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-DSM 5-Turkish Adaptation) for psychiatric diagnoses. Results. Sleep disruptions were identified in 27 (69.2%) children with cancer. In addition to adjustment disorder and anxiety disorder psychiatric diagnoses, behavioral problems and emotional symptoms were more common in the group with sleep disruptions. Actigraphy measurements indicated that poor sleep was associated with younger age, recent cancer diagnosis, specific phobias, depression, daytime napping, and frequent vital sign assessments. Conclusion. Sleep problems in hospitalized children with cancer are linked to psychiatric comorbidities, treatment routines, and hospital conditions. By recognizing psychiatric symptoms and optimizing hospital conditions that affect sleep, healthcare providers can enhance the quality of sleep for these children.

У сучасному світі трудове законодавство відіграє ключову роль у формуванні ефективного ринку праці та забезпеченні гідних умов для працівників. Зокрема, заохочення до праці є важливим елементом, який сприяє підвищенню продуктивності та мотивації працівників. З огляду на глобальні тенденції та передовий досвід різних країн, стає актуальним питання удосконалення українського трудового законодавства в цьому напрямі. Метою цієї статті є аналіз та імплементація закордонного досвіду щодо заохочення до праці в українське трудове законодавство. Для досягнення цієї мети були досліджені підходи до заохочення працівників у країнах з розвиненою економікою та правовою системою, а також визначені можливі шляхи їх адаптації до українських реалій. У процесі дослідження використовувались методи порівняльного аналізу та правового моделювання. Проведено детальний аналіз законодавчих актів, що регулюють заохочення до праці в країнах Європейського Союзу, США, Канади та Японії. У результаті дослідження з’ясовано, що ключові аспекти заохочення до праці, які застосовуються за кордоном, включають системи бонусів, гнучкі графіки роботи, додаткові вихідні дні, програми навчання та розвитку, а також можливості кар’єрного зростання. Запропоновано кілька моделей впровадження цих підходів в українське трудове законодавство з урахуванням національних особливостей та економічної ситуації. Імплементація закордонного досвіду потребує системного підходу та зміни у правовій культурі як серед роботодавців, так і серед працівників. Необхідно створити умови для активної участі всіх зацікавлених сторін у процесі реформування трудового законодавства. Важливу роль також відіграє підвищення рівня обізнаності із сучасними методами заохочення до праці та їхніми перевагами. Удосконалення українського трудового законодавства про заохочення до праці є важливим кроком для підвищення конкурентоспроможності економіки та забезпечення гідних умов праці. Імплементація передового закордонного досвіду дозволить підвищити мотивацію працівників, збільшити їхню продуктивність та сприятиме загальному розвитку ринку праці. Подальші дослідження у цій сфері мають зосереджуватися на розробленні конкретних законодавчих ініціатив та їх практичній реалізації.

Abstract Background Post-fundoplication dysphagia affects many patients that can often lead to significant weight loss and reduced quality of life, and prompt some to seek surgical reversal. Current diagnostic methods may not fully explain the dysphagia which may necessitate repeat oesophageal physiology testing. This study retrospectively evaluates two novel markers, Wrap Pressure Augmentation Ratio (WPAR) and Physiological Transit Time (PTT), to better understand and manage the post-fundoplication dysphagia. Method The study retrospectively reviewed 54 post-Nissen’s fundoplication patients from January 2020 to May 2024. WPAR was calculated as the ratio of the augmented wrap basal pressure to the median integrated relaxation pressure found during high-resolution manometry following the Chicago Classification guideline [1]. PTT was measured from controlled measurements of antegrade bolus movement [2] during multichannel impedance-pH studies [3]. Patients completed HODQ forms to assess dysphagia [4]. Optimal WPAR and PTT thresholds were determined using Youden’s J index from receiver operating characteristic curves. This study was ethically approved (REC 18/NW/0120, IRAS 333800). Results Out of 54 cases (female=28:26, mean age 50.6), 75.9% reported clinical dysphagia post-fundoplication. Significant correlations were found with WPAR (<1.49, p=0.017) and PTT (>0.83 minutes, p=0.028)(see Table 1). These findings suggest WPAR and PTT as effective markers for post-fundoplication dysphagia. The analysis revealed a moderate correlation between WPAR and PTT (r =-0.45, p<0.05), suggesting that lower WPAR values tend to be associated with longer PTT. SensitivityPositive Predictive Valueχ2p-valueWPAR <1.490.610.895.680.017PTT >0.83 minutes0.780.844.820.028 Table 1 showing predictive DR and PTT values for clinical dysphasia post fundoplication. Conclusion This pilot study identifies PAR and PTT as promising physiological markers for diagnosing post-fundoplication dysphagia. The moderate correlation between PAR and PTT suggests a potential link, indicating that lower pressure augmentation might be associated with slower oesophageal transit times. These markers could enhance management strategies for affected patients. However, the study's small sample size and lack of a control group limit generalizability. Larger, controlled studies are necessary to validate these findings and further explore the relationship between PAR and PTT.

ABSTRACT Background: Apical periodontitis is a prevalent condition that necessitates effective intracanal medicaments for successful endodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with apical periodontitis. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, Group A (calcium hydroxide), Group B (triple antibiotic paste), and Group C (chlorhexidine gel), with 40 patients in each group. Each medicament was placed in the root canal after standard endodontic procedures, and the patients were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months using radiographic assessment and clinical examination. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in lesion size, and secondary outcomes included pain relief and healing time. Results: After 6 months, Group B (triple antibiotic paste) showed the highest reduction in lesion size, with an average decrease of 75%, followed by Group C (chlorhexidine gel), with a 60% reduction, and Group A (calcium hydroxide), with a 50% reduction. Pain relief was observed in 85% of patients in Group B, 75% in Group C, and 65% in Group A. The average healing time was the shortest in Group B (4 months), compared to Group C (5 months) and Group A (6 months). Conclusion: Triple antibiotic paste demonstrated superior efficacy in healing apical periodontitis compared to calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gel.

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between insurance development, population, economic growth, and health expenditures for a panel of 31 OECD countries over the period 1995–2021. A dynamic panel data analysis based on cointegration, FMOLS, DOLS, VECM, and Granger causality tests is employed to suggest for the existence of a long-run relationship among variables. The long-run results show that insurance development, national income, and population exhibit positive impacts on health expenditures. The results reveal that insurance factor has larger income effects than substitution effects on health expenditures. Regarding the short-run causal relationship between the variables, the empirical results suggest that economic growth strengthens health expenditure growth, while insurance growth reduces it. In the short-run, insurance development has a crowding-out effect since it produces larger substitution effects than income effects. The results provide political implications that governments need to concern the short-run crowding-out effect of private insurance sections on health expenditures when making fiscal policies on public health expenditures.

Hydro technical installations are subject to a list of temporary and constant factors, such as Natural, Physical, Tectonic, Anthropogenic and other, which lead to their deformation and destruction. Study, exploration and forecast of deformations, can save us big. In this article has been researched the GNSS capability of obtaining the necessary data for building a model and reading or predicting deformations. GNSS has been used for monitoring structural deformation and deflection for more than a 30 years now. Detailed procedures for field data collection, data analysis and visualisation, generation of reliable analytical model, model updating and prediction for structural operational condition are also recommended.