Aging is associated with significant alterations in gut microbiota composition, which are closely linked to inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and age-related diseases. This study investigated the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intervention on gut microbiota structure in elderly individuals using fecal sample–based analysis. Elderly participants received an n-3 PUFA dietary intervention, and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in microbial diversity, community structure, and taxonomic composition were systematically evaluated. The results showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly modulated gut microbiota profiles, characterized by increased microbial diversity, enrichment of beneficial bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid production, and a reduction in potentially pro-inflammatory taxa. Beta diversity analysis revealed a clear separation between pre- and post-intervention microbial communities, indicating a substantial shift in overall gut microbiota structure. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFA intervention may contribute to the improvement of gut microbial balance in the elderly and provide a potential nutritional strategy for mitigating age-related gut dysbiosis and promoting healthy aging.

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Hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HPB) malignancies— including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma/biliary tract cancers (BTC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)—remain among the most lethal solid tumors. Although systemic regimens have improved over the past decade, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance continues to drive early progression, relapse, and limited durability of response. Resistance in HPB tumors is multifactorial and arises from tumor cell– intrinsic programs (drug transport and metabolism, DNA damage response, apoptosis escape, epithelial– mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell persistence) as well as tumor microenvironment– mediated protection (desmoplastic stroma, hypoxia, immune suppression, and restricted drug penetration). In parallel, a wave of biomarker-guided therapies (e.g., FGFR2/IDH1-targeted agents in cholangiocarcinoma; PARP inhibition in germline BRCA-mutant PDAC) and chemo-immunotherapy combinations (e.g., PD-L1/PD-1 blockade with gemcitabine/cisplatin in BTC) has begun to reshape practice. This review synthesizes key mechanisms of chemoresistance across HPB malignancies, maps these mechanisms to actionable therapeutic strategies, and highlights clinical evidence that informs current decision-making. We also discuss translational gaps and practical directions for overcoming resistance, including adaptive combinations, stromal and metabolic reprogramming, and integration of molecular profiling with dynamic biomarkers.

Among the rural applications of solar energy are electricity generation and heat production for alternative processes. The goal of this work was to evaluate the thermodynamic performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) coupled to a solar thermal system consisting of 20 Fresnel Linear Collectors (FLC). The system operates with water pressurized (7 bar) and is designed to generate 10 kW of electrical power using a radial turbine, in addition to supplying useful heat for domestic processes. The thermodynamic calculations were performed in MATLAB, using CoolProp as the database. To calculate the thermal load delivered by the FLCs, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) data from Cuentepec (18° 43' 45.0" N, 99° 18' 00.0" O), a rural community in Morelos, Mexico, was used. Four working fluids were thermodynamically evaluated in the ORC: R1233zd(E), R245fa, R123, R113, and Novec649. The R1233zd(E) fluid yielded the highest net power in the turbine (11.65 kW) and the lowest amount of useful heat (133.70 kW). The Novec 649 fluid produced the lowest power (6.40 kW) but the highest amount of useful heat (138.95 kW). The thermal efficiencies for R1233zd(E) and Novec 649 are 8% and 4%, respectively, while the exergy efficiencies achieved are 4% and 22%. For fluids with higher net power in the turbine, R1233zd(E) and R245fa, their thermodynamic performance was determined with recovery rates (TR =0.1, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5) of the thermal load at the turbine outlet, achieving a 38% increase in power for R245fa and a 40% increase for R1233zd(E). Keywords: Organic ORC, renewable, solar energy, solar thermal cogeneration, Linear Fresnel Collector, R1233zd(E).

Traffic congestion poses significant challenges in historic cities striving to balance modern mobility needs and her- itage preservation. This paper proposes a self-adaptive fuzzy logic control system for traffic signals optimized by a recurrent neural network (RNN) for vehicular density prediction. The fuzzy controller dynamically adjusts sig- nal timing based on real-time traffic density data at in- tersections in the colonial cities. The RNN component forecasts traffic density to tune the fuzzy membership functions, enabling adaptive signal control. Simulation experiments demonstrate noticeable reductions in queue length using the proposed neuro-fuzzy method compared to uncontrolled and fuzzy logic only techniques. Improve- ments are positively correlated to street length, although less significant in very short streets. The system demon- strates promising capabilities to reduce congestion and emissions through adaptive optimization in complex ur- ban environments. Keywords: Fuzzy logic control, neural networks, intelli- gent transportation systems, traffic signal timing, conges- tion mitigation

Sustainable water management in urban environments requires exploring alternatives that reduce pressure on conventional water resources. Among other options, this study analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of wastewater reuse versus reverse osmosis desalination for urban water supply in coastal cities, using Spanish cases such as Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, and Bilbao as a reference. In areas such as the Cantabrian coast, traditionally well-supplied, resource pressure and climate change raise the need for resilient alternatives for water supply. Reuse requires adding advanced tertiary treatment to existing WWTPs. Total costs (investment and operation) are estimated at €0.780/m³, also considering the need to build a secondary distribution network for non-potable uses, which represents a structural limitation. The main operating costs of regeneration are related to energy, reagents, waste management, and maintenance, while investment costs in transport networks represent a considerable burden. This option is economically advantageous compared to desalination, especially where existing infrastructure exists and the climate favors a significant demand for reused water. Reverse osmosis desalination, on the other hand, has higher costs, with an estimated total cost of €1,271/m³. However, its main advantage is that the water produced is suitable for human consumption and can be directly integrated into the main water supply network without the need for additional secondary networks. This makes it a more robust option in contexts where increased resilience to droughts or meeting drinking water demands are required. However, its higher energy consumption and operating costs make it less economically competitive compared to reuse, except in cases where urban or climatic characteristics make the latter difficult to implement. The study concludes that the most appropriate option depends on the local context and allows decision-making to be guided toward context-adapted solutions based on both technical and economic criteria. Key Words: water, reuse, desalinization, urban, cities, economy

Electric scooters have become a key element of urban mobility in recent years, offering an efficient, sustainable and agile alternative for city transport. They are powered by electric motors powered by lithium-ion batteries, allowing them to reach speeds of between 20 and 40 km/h with a range of up to 40 km. Factors such as increasing traffic congestion, the need to reduce carbon emissions and the support of legislation in many cities have accelerated the growth of their use and integration into the transport ecosystem. In terms of structure, conventional electric scooters are mainly made of aluminium alloys, which makes them heavy products, detracting from their autonomy. This work proposes the use of natural composite materials to achieve a lighter solution, with a structural performance similar to current proposals. In this way, sustainable solutions will be achieved with a reduction in mass that not only facilitates their transport and manoeuvrability, but also reduces the energy demand of the motor, which contributes to lower electricity consumption and greater battery autonomy. In addition, a manufacturing system using direct generation of 3D printing moulds is proposed. This technology allows to reduce costs, development times and environmental impact through the use of recyclable materials and energy efficient manufacturing processes. The environmental impacts of the different configurations (current and proposed) are analyzed under IPCC 2013 GWP 100a v1.03 methodology. The phases of the scooter's life cycle that are most sensitive to the proposed natural composite materials are also explored in depth. The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology will be used to carry out the environmental study. Keywords: Scooter, Natural Composites, Sustainability, Life Cycle Analysis, Urban Mobility.

This paper presents a detailed description of the assembly process for the different components of a historical invention, specifically a high-pressure single-cylinder steam engine with a Corliss valve gear designed by Arnold Throp, as published in the 'Model Engineer' magazine in 1982 and whose original plans were reproduced by Julius de Waal in 2018. Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024 was employed to create a coherent and functional 3D CAD model that incorporates all components described in the reproduced plans. However, challenges arose due to missing dimensions in the available plans and certain inconsistencies, necessitating the formulation of hypotheses regarding the geometries of some elements and the estimation of their dimensions. Additionally, a series of dimensional, geometric, and kinematic constraints (degrees of freedom) were applied to ensure a proper assembly without component overlaps. Furthermore, a limitation was encountered when using Autodesk Inventor Professional for assembling the invention: the software does not take into account for the deformation of components made of elastomeric materials such as the drive belt. Finally, once the 3D CAD model was obtained, graphical documentation of the invention was produced (including assembly plans and detailed perspectives), and a simulation of the invention's operation was conducted, resulting in a virtual recreation of the steam engine. This has provided new insights that facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the invention and its dissemination to the wider community. Keywords: Geometric modelling, assembly process, Autodesk Inventor Professional, single-cylinder high-pressure steam engine, Corliss valve gear.

This research arises from the need identified during the COVID-19 pandemic, where supply chain disruptions highlighted the importance of developing more adaptable manufacturing systems capable of redirecting production between different sites while maintaining quality standards. For this purpose, the application of artificial intelligence has become an imperative necessity. This work presents the development of a transferable Deep Learning model for simultaneous prediction of surface roughness (Ra) and diameter deviation (Ddev) through process-measured signals (vibrations, forces, acoustic emission, among others) in CNC machining processes, applied across four different manufacturing sites (MS1-MS4) to implement a resilient distributed manufacturing strategy.