ABSTRACT Background Recently, there have been some reports of seizures related with COVID-19 vaccinations. However, no studies have systematically investigated the relationship between seizures and various COVID-19 vaccines. Research design and methods This research aimed to analyze the characteristics and risk signals of new-onset seizures in children caused by various COVID-19 vaccines based on the data of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). To identify potential risk signals, a disproportionality analysis was conducted. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR) were used to detect signals. Results A total of 695 children with new-onset seizures events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations were retrieved from the VAERS database. Compared with influenza vaccinations, the percentage and rate of COVID-19 vaccinations related seizures was all reduced. The median onset time of seizures was 1 day after COVID-19 vaccines. No signal was detected for an association between the COVID-19 vaccines and new-onset seizures, neither when compared with influenza vaccines nor with non-COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion No statistically significant risk signal of COVID-19 vaccine-related seizures was found in this study. However, it is still necessary to monitor the possibility of new-onset seizures when children are immunized with COVID-19 vaccines.

ABSTRACT Objective Coronary artery lesions (CALs) are a major complication of Kawasaki disease (KD); however, data on CAL incidence and risk factors in recurrent KD are limited. Methods Ninety-seven children with recurrent KD were retrospectively enrolled from 2013 to 2022, and CAL incidence was tracked during admission, discharge, and during follow-up. Results Initially, 27.8% had CAL at admission and discharge, declining to 7.2% at 12 months post-discharge. Most patients (66 of 97, 68.0%) did not exhibit CAL at any of the time points, 7 cases presented CAL at all time points, indicating a persistent CAL. The remaining 20 cases presented CAL at admission but recovered at discharge or during follow-up. Notably, transient CALs had presented at discharge, or during the follow-up, but finally resolved at 12 months after discharge. Notably, prior IVIG resistance and increased prothrombin time seemed associated with CAL in recurrent KD, suggesting they could help identify patients needing close monitoring. Conclusion The study highlights decreasing CAL incidence over time in recurrent KD but with diverse patterns, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and further investigations to confirm these findings.

ABSTRACT Before and aftermath of COVID-19 has created multiple waves of digital transformation adoption in supply chain management. The power of potential benefits is realised as a multitude however the transformation phases are not sustainable. This editorial special issue has edited papers of scholarly research contributions to the theory and practice of digital transformation aspects in the field of logistics and supply chain management. Based on the summary of each contribution and an extended literature review on the theme, this editorial paper proposes a novel framework that could facilitate the logistics industry at times of disruptive technologies when firms are struggling to cope with the challenges created due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the recovery.

ABSTRACT What is the relationship between regional inequality and political discontent in Europe? This special issue addresses this question by studying the influence of the subnational context. Specifically, it examines the impact of unequal social conditions and economic growth on political discontent with national and international politics, as expressed in political behaviour, public opinion and policy preferences. This introduction outlines a research agenda that establishes the context of the special issue. It explains the key concepts of interest, summarises significant empirical trends, outlines explanatory models and discusses methodological challenges. In addition to establishing the research agenda that serves as the analytical framework, this introduction also presents the core findings of the special issue and discusses broader implications for future research and practice.

Background Lanthanum carbonate is widely used to manage serum phosphate and calcium levels in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, yet comprehensive long-term safety data are lacking. This study leverages the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to assess the extended safety profile of lanthanum carbonate. Research design and methods We analyzed FAERS data (2004-2022) to study the association between lanthanum carbonate and adverse events (AEs). Using MedDRA v25.0, we identified risk signals through System Organ Classes (SOCs) and Preferred Terms (PTs). Disproportionality analyses quantified lanthanum carbonate-associated AE signals. Results Among 3,284 reports, 2,466 were primary suspected AEs linked to lanthanum carbonate. Males reported AEs more frequently than females. Patients aged over 64 represented the majority. Median onset time for lanthanum carbonate-related AEs was 146 days. Gastrointestinal disorders were prevalent. We identified 16 new signals, including stress, abnormal hepatic function, cholelithiasis, bile duct stone, gastric cancer, and adenocarcinoma gastric. Stress was notable, particularly in male patients over 65 and those with lower weight. Conclusions This study affirms lanthanum carbonate’s long-term safety for reducing elevated blood phosphorus levels. While gastrointestinal disorders were common, attention must focus on emerging AEs, particularly stress, especially in elderly patients.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate adverse events(ADEs) associated with the use of paracetamol and ibuprofen in people under 18 years of age. Background The use of NSAIDs reached a peak as a result of the spread of COVID-19 in previous years. Minors, as a special population, need to pay more attention to the use of corresponding drugs and the occurrence of adverse events (ADEs). Methods The population was divided into four age groups: infant group, preschool group, children group, and adolescent group. ADE report data of the two drugs were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS) from the first quarter of 2014 to the third quarter of 2022. The reporting odds ratio(ROR) method and the medicine and health products regulatory agency(MHRA) method were used for data mining and analysis. Results The two drugs mainly involved in injuries, poisoning and operational complications in the infant group, preschool group and adolescent group. The use of the two drugs in this population was primarily associated with injury, poisoning and surgical complications. The psychiatric disorders produced by the use of acetaminophen(12.6%) and ibuprofen(9.2%) in the adolescent group were significantly higher than those in the other age groups. The use of acetaminophen in the four age groups involved hepatobiliary disorders was more significantly (10.3%, 8.1%, 9.1%, 11.5%), while the use of ibuprofen was more obviously involved in renal and urinary disorders(5.0%, 6.2%, 9.6%, 7.1%). Conclusions The use of acetaminophen and ibuprofen in children of different age groups has different characteristics. Pediatric clinical pharmacists can provide medication monitoring to minimize ADEs based on these characteristics.

ABSTRACT Background our study aimed to identify inclisiran-related adverse events(AEs) for primary hypercholesterolemia and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, analyzing its links to AEs in the overall patient population and sex-specific subgroups to improve medication safety. Methods We analyzed inclisiran-related AEs signals by using statistical methods like Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (MGPS). Results Analyzing 2,400 AE reports with inclisiran as the primary suspected drug in the FAERS database, we identified 70 AE signals over 13 organ systems using the above four methods. Notable findings were strong signals for systemic diseases and various reactions at the site of administration (ROR 1.49, 95% CI 1.41-1.57), and Various musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (ROR 4.07, 95% CI 3.83-4.03) in overall and gender-specific populations. Myalgia, a new ADE signal not in the drug insert, was a top signal by intensity and frequency (ROR 14.76, 95% CI 12.84-16.98). Conclusion Our study revealed the strongest AE signals associated with inclisiran in both the overall population and gender subgroups, highlighting potential risks in clinical medication use and guiding balanced clinical decision-making.