This research focuses on the influence of learning models; the study's main aim is to determine whether a realistic mathematical education learning model using manual calculation media can influence the motivation of class I students at SDN Temuroso 03. The research method used was a quantitative experimental type, a Pre-Experimental Design with One Group Pretest-Posttest type, and a saturated sample technique of 20 students. Data analysis techniques use prerequisite tests and condition tests. The SPSS research produced results, namely that the data was normally distributed, and the t-test calculations produced that Lower and Upper had negative values or sig (2-tailed) < a, so H0 was rejected, and H1 was accepted. Then, it was strengthened by the gain test results, which showed an increase in the average value of 0.47. So, it can be said that the Realistic Mathematic Education learning model using manual calculation media can influence and increase student motivation.

Solid motivation has a positive impact on learning achievement and student attainment. This study aimed to determine the impact of cooperative learning on learning motivation of grade IV students in Mojokerto, involving 72 elementary school students. The research method used was quantitative using Comparison-Group Design. The results showed significantly higher student learning motivation in the experimental group than in the control group. Cooperative learning was applied for the experimental group, while lecture-based teaching was used in the control group. Implications for innovation in teaching methods and further research are suggested to further popularize cooperative learning for better learning outcomes.

Using literary works in language and learning cannot be avoided. For this reason, this research aimed to determine the use of literary works in students' literature learning to support the School Literacy Movement (GLS) at SDN Genuksari 01. There are several research stages in this research: the pre-field, fieldwork, and data analysis stages. The data were collected through interview techniques and questionnaires conducted on 17 classroom teachers and a school principal (18 participants). The data obtained was then processed and analyzed descriptively according to the research flow. Finally, data validity was carried out by triangulating data and sources. This study's result is that most teachers have implemented literary works in literature learning since before the pandemic until now. The sources are from the school library, teachers, or students in the form of printed or digital. This means GLS in SDN Genuksari 01 is supported by using literary works in the literature learning process. However, there are several challenges experienced by the teachers, such as limited sources in the school library, teachers' inability to use IT-based literary works, teachers' limitation in understanding literary material, and students' low interest in reading activities.

This research aimed to develop fourth-grade elementary school students� integration of learning with problem-based learning and the teachings of Ki Hadjar Dewantara Tri-N (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi). This research is research and development with the PPE development model which consists of three stages, namely Planning (Planning), Production (Product Preparation), and Evaluation (Evaluation). This research was conducted at Ngentak Sanden Elementary School, Bantul Regency in Grade IV mathematics subjects. The data collection instrument uses an assessment sheet of mathematics teaching modules that have been validated by experts (expert judgment). The data collection technique in this study used product validity tests. The initial step of this research is to convert qualitative data from the results of expert assessment, material and media into quantitative data forms. The next step is to calculate the actual score and the average of the actual score. Quantitative data in the form of average actual scores are then converted into qualitative data using the Likert scale. The results of validation by material and media experts, the module is said to be valid with an average actual score of 98.5 with good criteria and 51.7 with Very Good criteria. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for students in learning to improve mathematical reasoning. This research was successfully carried out by designing and developing a mathematics teaching module with a problem-based learning model based on Tri-N (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi) in a Grade IV Elementary School.

This research aims to produce Islamic-based teaching materials that are valid and practical. The method used in this research is Research and Development (RnD). The development model used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The data in this research was obtained through expert validation questionnaires (material experts, design experts, and language experts), student response questionnaires, and teacher response questionnaires to the Islamic-based thematic teaching materials that have been developed. Product trials of teaching materials that have been developed were carried out on grade 5 students at Alamul Yaqin Islamic Elementary School of Palembang. Data analysis techniques are carried out by referring to standard criteria for the validity and practicality of teaching materials. The results of the research show that first, the Islamic-based thematic teaching materials developed are categorized as very valid. This is proven by the score of material validation results reaching a percentage of 100%, design validation results reaching 96.84%, and language validation results reaching 100%. Second, the Islamic-based thematic teaching materials being developed are categorized as very practical. This is proven by the response score of students in the small group reaching 91%, while the response score of students in the large group reached 96%. The score from the teacher's assessment of the product reached 92%. This research proves that the Islamic-based teaching materials developed are very valid and very practical, so they are suitable for use in the learning process in grade 5 Islamic Elementary School.