Digitalisation is a process that is transforming the framework of social and economic coexistence, and career development professionals must also be part of it. At the same time, the digital readiness and culture of individual European countries differ. The coronavirus crisis that started in 2020 has forced all of us to adapt to this digital challenge. In this article, we present the changes in Hungary and make recommendations for the possible directions of national development.

Quantitative analysis of complex risk systems often faces three major problems. The first problem is the size of the system to be examined, since the number of possible system states increases exponentially with system size. The second problem is the topology of the system which may not be tree-like. The third problem is the consideration of randomness, since risk events are in many cases single, non-repetitive, therefore probability theory is inadequate. In order to handle this deficiency we suggest to apply logical risk analysis which traces back the main risk event to elementary, controllable risk events by means of the logical structure describing the operation of the risk system. For illustrations we give some very simple structures and a soil contamination problem as a real-size example.

The coronavirus, the Ukrainian-Russian war, the Brexit, the green transition and the rise of inflation are all macro processes that individuals and families cannot influence on their own, but these macro trends do influence their life course. This review looks at the practice of career guidance in Hungary. It shows the methods that can be used to strengthen the career resilience of individuals and small communities and how individual psychological and pedagogical outcomes of career counselling, literature review, Hungary these have been researched in Hungary over the past decade.

One of the most important issues in the debate about the Holocaust is whether it is a historical or non-historical tragedy. Unexpected natural disasters, such as earthquakes and meteor strikes, are events outside human history - an important common feature is that their survival is only slightly related to people's social position. The more analogous the Holocaust is to this, the more extra-historical the Holocaust is. An important socio-historical feature of historically integrated ethnical, religious, class –based persecutions, on the other hand, is that people become less victims than other members of the persecuted group because of their wealth or their capital of connections with the persecutors, connections to the non-persecuted groups. Comparing the Jewish population of 1941 with the Jewish population of 1945 - based on specific housing registers - the study clearly concludes that the Budapest Holocaust is embedded in history: those with non-Jewish family members, the wealthier and those in occupations where the likelihood of being acquainted with the public sector and Christian colleagues is higher are much more likely to survive. This also implies that more active participation by non-Jews could have increased the number of survivors to a statistically significant extent.

Geoelectric surveying is a useful method of non-invasive investigation (e.g.: for the purpose of space delineation or time dependant monitoring) of subsurface contaminants. The measured onsite electrical resistivity values are a function of certain soil parameters and the electric properties of the contaminant. With executing time domain field surveys before and after the remediation process its efficiency on contamination removal can be valorized.In this study we present a field case to illustrate the applicability of the geoelectric method for monitoring the efficiency of hydrocarbon removal and highlighting the problems of interpretation due to change of soil parameters and various hydrocarbon composition. Due to the side effects of electro-kinetic soil remediation process some soil parameters affecting the electrical resistivity are also changed. Therefore, when interpreting the data the of field survey one must be able to separate the geoelectric response of the remnant contamination from the changed soil parameters. The paper presents a multilevel interpretation method when the measured electrical resistivity data were correlated with the time-domain results of detailed soil sample analytics including particle size distribution, physical properties, and chemical composition. As a result we were able to separate the time domain geoelectric effects of the soil from the geoelectric response of the hydrocarbon contamination and we could correlate the electrical resistivity anomalies with the integrated effects of hydrocarbon content and changes in the soil due to the remediation treatment.

The proper allocation/distribution of limited resources is a traditional problem with various applications. The mathematical formulation of such problems usually includes constraints describing the set of feasible solutions (feasible set), from which the (nearly) optimal or equilibrium solution should be selected. Often the feasible set is more difficult to determine than to find the optimal or equilibrium solution. Alternatively, the already known feasible set often makes it easier to select the optimal or equilibrium solution. In some other cases, any feasible solutions are the same satisfactory, additional optimization is needless. Accordingly, the main or only task in many cases is to determine the feasible set itself. In the paper, a new theorem is proved for the explicit expression of properly assigned (dependent) variables by means of the other (independent) variables in a system of inequality and quadratic equality constraints. The sum of the (nonnegative) variables can be either prefixed or not. The constraints may describe the feasible set in various resource allocation tasks (possibly in optimization or game-theoretical contexts) or in other problems. Two new lemmas are proved for supporting the proof of the above mentioned theorem, nevertheless, they can also be considered independent results, which may help future mathematical derivations. Supported by a further new lemma, a practical algorithm is derived for assigning in a feasible way the independent variables, to which (possibly limited) arbitrary nonnegative values can be prescribed. Various practical examples are provided to facilitate utilizing the results.

Climate change and the continuing increase in human population creates a growing need to tackle urban stormwater problems. One promising mitigation option is by using nature-based solutions (NBS) – especially sustainable urban stormwater management technologies that are key elements of NBS action. We used a synthesis approach to compile available information about urban stormwater retention capacity of the most common sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in different climatic conditions. Those SUDS targeting stormwater management through water retention and removal solutions (mainly by infiltration, overland flow and evapotranspiration), were addressed in this study. Selected SUDS were green roofs, bioretention systems (i.e. rain gardens), buffer and filter strips, vegetated swales, constructed wetlands, and water-pervious pavements. We found that despite a vast amount of data available from real-life applications and research results, there is a lack of decisive information about stormwater retention and removal capacity of selected SUDS. The available data show large variability in performance across different climatic conditions. It is therefore a challenge to set conclusive widely applicable guidelines for SUDS implementation based on available water retention data. Adequate data were available only to evaluate the water retention capacity of green roofs (average 56±20%) and we provide a comprehensive review on this function. However, as with other SUDS, still the same problem of high variability in the performance (min 11% and max 99% of retention) remains. This limits our ability to determine the capacity of green roofs to support better planning and wider implementation across climate zones. The further development of SUDS to support urban stormwater retention should be informed by and developed concurrently with the adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, especially with increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events that lead to high volumes of stormwater runoff.

Abstract We modeled a foraminifera community collapse during Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum with our temperature- and density-dependent model. Besides assessing our model, we investigated the pre-collapse pattern and the warning signals of the collapse with statistical indicators (relative species abundance, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, total abundance, species richness, first-order autoregression, relative abundance of pre-collapse dominant species). We found that our model is appropriate for analyzing temperature- and density-dependent data patterns. Our study confirms that the total abundance and the pre-collapse dominant species are consistent temperature- and density-dependent indicators and give large-scale signals (trend changes) at the beginning of major environmental events and at community thresholds, respectively. They are earlier than first-order autoregression, which signals at the collapse zone boundaries. A great deficiency of our temperature- and density-dependent model is that it lacks strong small-scale signals (peaks and troughs). Small-scale signals are important because they can precede the large-scale signals of approaching collapses.

Talking about religious addiction in today’s age is both a timely and taboo subject. Religion has been a part of human life since ancient times. It is perhaps one of the most exciting and complex areas in research behavioural addictions together with its negative and positive sides. However, when we talk about religious addiction, in addition to the dysfunctional operation of the individual, the dysfunctional operation of the given religious group also appears. I try to explore the topic from several aspects, emphasizing the clarification of the concept and functions of religion, going around its positive and negative effects, and also presenting the methods of its therapeutic nature for young people.