Context: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS) is a common clinical condition in general practice and overhead athletes. Alterations in the scapular position can lead to shoulder impingement syndrome. The effect of exercises on shoulder impingement syndrome is studied but the effect of Kinesiotape is not well explored. Methods: A total of 42 participants were included in the study. The subjects were assessed for SPADI, pain, proprioception, lateral scapula slide test, and pectoral minor length test at the baseline and the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group ([Formula: see text] = 18) received scapular taping and scapular exercises and the control group ([Formula: see text] = 17) received scapular exercises only. Post-outcome measures were taken at 4 weeks and 12 weeks during the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the outcome measures and Bonferroni’s test was used to determine the pairwise comparisons at different measurement levels amongst experimental and control groups. Results: The study consisted of 17 males and 18 females. There was statistical significance in both groups ([Formula: see text] < 0.01) over the 4th and 12th weeks. Pain ([Formula: see text] < 0.01) and proprioception ([Formula: see text] = 0.017) was also statistically significant between both the groups at 4 weeks. Conclusion: This study concludes that scapular taping can be used as an adjunct with scapular involvement.

Background: The role of prolotherapy in the healing process of damaged tissues has been confirmed in patients with degenerative joint disease. Hypertonic dextrose has been introduced as the most common solution in prolotherapy for reducing pain and improving mobility in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to compare the KOA patients undergoing hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy (DPT) with the placebo in terms of pain intensity and functional level. Methods: This triple-blind study randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on patients with mild to moderate KOA who were referred to the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center (RDRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, in the year 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of the DPT ([Formula: see text] = 47) and normal saline placebo prolotherapy ([Formula: see text] = 50) intra- and peri-articular knee joints. Treatment was monthly for three months. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) were completed before and after intervention (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16). The variables were compared between the two study groups at a significance level of less than 0.05 ([Formula: see text] < 0.05). Results: The WOMAC score improved significantly compared to the baseline in both groups ([Formula: see text] < 0.005). An increase in WOMAC score (the last follow-up compared to baseline) was 97.4% and 85.7% in DPT and placebo groups, respectively ([Formula: see text] = 0.06). Before the intervention and also after the first injection, the AKPS score in the normal saline group was significantly better than the dextrose group ([Formula: see text] = 0.03). The AKPS score did not differ significantly between the two groups ([Formula: see text] > 0.05) in the next two visits and two-month follow-ups. Improvement of AKPS score in the last follow-up compared to baseline was reported in 66.7% and 68.4% of patients in the normal saline group and dextrose group, respectively, ([Formula: see text] = 0.86). Conclusion: Prolotherapy as intra- and peri-articular injections of hypertonic dextrose could be used to relieve pain and improve functional status in patients with mild to moderate KOA as much as a placebo does. Although no remarkable difference was observed between dextrose and placebo in the outcomes, the rate of improvement (last follow-up compared to the baseline) was relatively higher in the dextrose group than in the normal saline group.

Introduction: Long-term physical contact while using a smartphone causes poor posture which leads to musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of YWTL exercises on posture in motor and cognitive dual tasks during smartphone use. Methodology: Based on eligibility criteria for recruitment, 118 subjects were chosen. After being informed about the study, participants were allocated into two groups: Group A (the control group) and Group B (the experimental group). 59 individuals were allocated to each group. Before the initiation of interventions, each participant’s personal information, including age, height, weight, BMI, occupation, and screen time, was collected. Primary outcome measures CVA, CHA, and SSP were evaluated at the start of the intervention and three weeks later after the intervention. Results: The result of the study revealed that both groups’ interventions effectively improved forward head posture affected by prolonged use of smartphones. All outcome measures showed a statistically significant improvement after 3 weeks. However, on comparison between both groups, the YWTL exercises group had a more clinically significant reduction in outcomes. Conclusion: The study’s findings indicated that the application of 3 weeks of YWTL exercises combined with neck isometrics is an effective method to reduce the cranio-horizontal angle, craniovertebral angle, and sagittal shoulder angle consequently resulting in a reduction of forward head posture.

Purpose: The appropriate surgical procedure for Stage 3 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) for ONFH based on comprehensive and disease-specific scales using patient-directed questionnaires. Methods: We included 54 of 66 patients who underwent artificial joint replacement for ONFH more than 1 year ago at our hospital between April 2013 and September 2020. THA was performed for ONFH Stage 4 and BHA for Stage 3 or below. The mean postoperative observation period in the THA and BHA groups was 3.9 and 3.7 years, respectively. The Short-Form 6-Dimension measure was used to calculate utility values. Results: No significant differences in questionnaire results regarding disease-specific or comprehensive measures were observed after arthroplasty for ONFH between the THA and BHA groups. The utility values were 0.60 and 0.58 in the THA and BHA groups, respectively. Conclusion: The postoperative QOL was similar between patients who underwent THA for Stage 4 ONFH and BHA for Stage 3 ONFH. Therefore, THA or BHA can be performed on patients with ONFH after considering age, stage classification, and previous medical conditions.

Stop-jump landing maneuvers are a particularly common source of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The objective of this study is to determine which kinematic and kinetic parameters contributed to greater ACL strains during stop-jump landings. A combined in vivo /computational modeling approach was used to simulate stop-jump landing activity. Motion capture data from five human participants performing a non-injurious stop-jump landing were used to compute subject- specific muscle forces and 3D kinematics of the knee. These outputs were subsequently used to simulate the activity on a validated computational model of the knee. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine which variables significantly affected the strain in the ACL. The resulting average peak ACL strain during the activity was 7.9 ±2.4%. A bivariate correlation study found that there was a strong correlation between ACL strain and the knee range of flexion during the period from ground contact to peak ground reaction force (GRF) time ([Formula: see text] = −0.81, [Formula: see text] = 0.08). Neither the quadriceps force nor the instantaneous knee flexion angle during landing or peak GRF was strongly correlated to ACL strain. The results show that strain in the ACL during stop-jump landing could be reduced by increasing the knee range of flexion over time during the landing phase.

Purpose: Scaphoid nonunion and malunion can be observed after scaphoid fracture. While the diagnosis of nonunion is well defined in the literature, there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria and clinical outcomes of scaphoid malunion. The aim of the study is to define the direct radiography parameters of scaphoid malunion and determine the clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients applied to our clinic with the diagnosis of scaphoid fracture between January 2020 and June 2021, and were analyzed retrospectively. 32 patients treated with surgical or conservative methods were included in the study. Nonunions and cases with a follow-up period of less than 12 months were excluded. Scapholunate (SL) angles and height-to-length (H/L) ratios of scaphoid were measured on wrist radiography to assess scaphoid malunion. Malunion was defined as SL angle >60° and ROC analysis was applied to determine cutoff H/L ratio in wrist radiography. Wrist functionality and pain were evaluated with the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and MAYO scores. The range of motion (ROM) and grip strength were also recorded. Results: Seventeen patients (53.1%) underwent surgery while conservative treatment was applied to the other 15 (46.9%). Of these, six patients (18.8%) met the definition of malunion. According to receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the cutoff H/L ratio in posteroanterior wrist radiographs was 0.602 ([Formula: see text] < 0.001) and the cutoff H/L ratio in lateral wrist radiographs was 0.692 ([Formula: see text] = 0.003). The ROM values for flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation was smaller in the malunion group ([Formula: see text] = 0.023 and [Formula: see text] = 0.014, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in pronation/supination values ([Formula: see text] > 0.05). Mean MAYO score was 75.0 in malunion group and 90.0 in nonmalunion group ([Formula: see text] = 0.003). While the mean PRWE value was 24.50 in malunion, it was 14.15 in nonmalunion ([Formula: see text] = 0.023). Conclusion: Evaluation of H/L ratio in wrist radiography provides valuable information in the diagnosis of scaphoid malunion. Scaphoid malunions have poorer functional outcomes.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rare tumor arising from the sweat glands. It usually presents itself in the head and neck region, with only a few reported cases in the literature of hand eccrine spiradenomas. It is usually seen in the age group of 15–35 years. Here, we report a case of a patient in her 50s presenting a mass over the dorsum of the hand and clinically closely mimicking tendon sheath giant cell tumor (GCT). Investigations supported the clinical diagnosis and provided extra information on possible malignant transformation. A surgical excision was performed and sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis. It is also interesting to notice from our case that the need for histopathological evidence should not be neglected despite ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) being very useful as diagnostic investigations.