Overcoming the concept of democratic education as an effort to develop the political culture of a participating society. This research was conducted using the method of library research (library research) by collecting information from various sources, such as books, journals with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the ideal concept of democratic education consists of three processes, first is the existence of political literacy for the community, second is the socialization of democracy through group discussion forums (FGD), public discussion of the community. The third is to provide political experience to the people by forming a democratic community. This political experience can be carried out through political parties, social organizations, and communities to support the direct involvement of the people in the democratic process. And forming a democratic culture of a participating society is the main agenda in the process of maturing democracy.

The Hijrah trend has recently been prevalent among the millennial generation. This trend is more popular thanks to social media, which has become an important communication and information tool for today's people, especially millennials. The hijrah movement is a social phenomenon that marks the phase of the journey of the millennial generation who participates in animating the movement of Islamic studies in Indonesia. This movement has both positive and negative sides. On the positive side, the trend of hijrah shows Islamic nuances from the style of dress and da'wah language that adorns various social media lines. But on the negative side, the direction of hijrah became the beginning of a movement oriented towards a dogmatic understanding of religion and tended to become a new, different meaning. The Hijrah trend has metamorphosed into a lifestyle and further highlights the new shari'ah identity for the millennial generation. Based on this problem, it is necessary to study the Migration Trend of the Millennial Generation from the Perspective of religious maturity. The question is, how is the millennial generation's Hijrah Trend seen from spiritual maturity? The research method uses library research with reference sources in the form of articles in relevant journals and books because the problem to be studied is in the form of social phenomena.

This study explores the challenges against the implementation of Junior Secondary School Social Studies curriculum for moral development in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study is a qualitative one that employed a case study research approach. The qualitative tools of interview and observation were used to gather data to address the research questions. A total of 12 teachers with a variety of years of experience were selected to participate in the study. Purposive sampling procedures were used to select the sample for the study. For data analysis, teacher perspectives were gathered and examined for emerging themes and trends among teachers in their perspectives. The result showed that the junior secondary school Social Studies curriculum has content and teaching approaches that are suitable for students’ moral development. Equally, the study revealed that class congestion, inadequate and inappropriate resource materials, wide syllabus and examination pressure were among the factors hindering effective implementation of the curriculum for moral inculcation. Some recommendations were also offered for the improvement of the Social Studies curriculum.

Post-pandemic social change requires transformation in every element of education. Transfiguration in the structure of character education is one form of educational transformation. There are various differences and changes in the implementation of character education before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This article will present a comparison of the implementation of character education during face-to-face learning and distance learning. In the discussion, it will explore the analysis of the obstacles and challenges of character education, then propose a solution idea as a form of character education transformation. . The approach used in this research is a mix method approach with descriptive and literature review analysis. The research subjects were students, teachers, and principals at SMPN 14 Bandung. The findings of this study in conclusions; 1) there are differences in student perceptions of the implementation of character education before and after the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) the habituation-based character education process becomes a promising alternative solution as an effort to transform the character education model.