<p>The increase in per capita income and rapid urbanization, have contributed significantly to changes in consumption behaviour leading to increased waste generation. Waste disposed to landfill sites is fast becoming unfeasible thus requiring a more effective management of waste material involving waste reduction, reuse and recycling. The success of recycling program, however, is largely dependent on household participation activities which are essentially behaviour driven. The recycling performance of Malaysian households is still low as it stands at 5.5% compared to Singapore and Vietnam which are 56% and 22% respectively. This study examines recycling behaviour among households and the influence of socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural characteristics on households’ participation in recycling program in Malaysia. A sample of 300 randomly selected household were surveyed. The findings revealed that most of the households (70%) claim that they are practicing recycling particularly types of paper and old clothes. The factors of participation in recycling show equal results both for environmental concerns and economic benefits. Those who did not participate in recycling, listed household issues or behaviour, namely lack of time and materials to recycle, inconvenient, lack of space, lack of facilities and information as well as laziness, as barriers. The paper finally highlights the factors which can encourage household to be involved in recycling and give recommendations to the authorities in terms of facilities and infrastructures to facilitate the program.</p>

<p><span lang="IN">The Infuence of landuse change causes change of the condition of flow discharge. However, the impact of this landuse change is that the rainfall has more potential to be overland flow than infiltration. The aims of this research are: (1) to assess the patterns of rainfall of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014; (2) to assess the land use changes of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014; (3) to analyze the design discharge under land use predictions of 2028; and (4) to arrange land use planning that the peak discharge less than peak discharge of Karian Dam. Data were analysed by grid interpolation, Rational, CA-Markov. The results showed that land use of 2000–2014 change from forest to agriculture dry land area about 18.89 km2, from dry land farming to rice field area about 12.84 km2, from dry land agriculture to plantation area about 10.27 km2 and forests to plantations about 6.24 km2. The total area of land uses change of 85.39 km2 (30.2%), but the land use type which remain as existing land uses are 197.48 km2 (69.8%). Flood discharge predictions is not eligible for the best land use pattern because it exceeded the design of flood discharge of Karian Dam. The actual flood discharge is still qualify, flood discharge based on Spatial Pattern and </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN">scenarios four to</span></span><span lang="EN"> <span class="hps">synchronize</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">flood discharge</span></span><span lang="IN"> based on Spatial Pattern is qualify for the best land use pattern. scenarios four for spatial pattern is the best land use planning to be applied that are regarded as the reference of land use in Ciberang watershed Lebak Regency of 2014-2034.</span></p>

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries. The estate will need investment for about IDR. 2.27 Trillion while the total annual local government budget is near to IDR 2 Trillion. Moreover, the estate has to be operated in a business manner while the local government officers have a culture in non-profit organisation as part of bureaucracy. However, the BIE feasibility study 2013 has determined that the estate will generate economic multipliers boosting the city development. Therefore, a partnership among government and private parties should be determined and accommodated in a proper cooperation arrangement. To design the partnership, we review literature, interview related private parties and confirm opinions of the private parties to the governments. A content analysis was used to assess information from the interviews. Considering the final outputs, BIE should be organised by a pure private enterprise or Ltd. to ensure the economic viable of the estate. The Ltd. is a partnership among the government and private parties via shareholders. The government can still hold a majority share with special arrangement in investment scheme. For the initial investments, the government can use its assets valued as 51% of total share while private parties can inject cash money equal to 49% of the total. With this capital arrangement, the estate can be operated with initial investment for about IDR. 267.11 Billion on 244.97 Ha land. This initial investment can be profitable with IDR. 650 Billion NPV, 19.93% IRR and 13.95 year PP.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries. </span>

<div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: solid white 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; padding: 10.0pt 10.0pt 10.0pt 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">Regional development is synonymous with growth. Growth can also be positive, but if it is not built in a comprehensive manner would cause a negative impact on the other side. Sukabumi district is rich in various potential including the potential for agriculture, plantation, forestry, marine, geothermal energy and mines. However, Sukabumi District is one district that is still classified as disadvantaged areas in West Java. The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of the area in Sukabumi and analyzing the potential of the region as well as the development gap between regions in Sukabumi. The results showed the development of the district is based can be regarded as a relatively underdeveloped area. There is a gap of regional development in Sukabumi. Sukabumi district has several potential sectors including the industrial sector in particular, non-oil processing industry. In the industrial sector in particular, non-oil processing industry can be a dominant sector as it can contribute to and have strong linkages with other sectors that can influence other sectors.</span></div>

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Development of Village tourism development model is initiated by the Ministry of tourism and Creative Economy for poverty in rural paved. It's what makes Holy County Government initiative to develop the village into a tourist village Colo based nature tourism. Sunan Muria with fame in Kudus, making the village a Colo is located in the mountains of Muria as one of the tourist destinations that continues to evolve. See this potential, the villagers do tourism management in non-governmental and informal communities through the establishment of supporting tourism, such as taxi, hawkers and street vendors. There is a unique phenomena that are contained in the village of Colo namely management of tours with gender roles. Gender roles are not only happening in the improvement of well-being. Be interesting to examined how gender roles towards the improvement of the welfare of the Community tourism village Colo? to answer that question, this research uses a quantitative approach through descriptive statistics methods. Data were collected through document review, interviews and questionnaire to 134 KK as respondents. The results showed that gender roles related to the improvement of the welfare of the community. There is a pattern of increasing well-being of informally through changes in livelihood and ultimately increase revenue.</span>

Started as a fishing settlement area in Bontang Kuala Village, the City of Bontang has been growing very rapidly. However, despite this growth people's standard of living has been decreasing in terms of environmental quality, income as well as sheltering with the emergence of slum areas. These conditions greatly affect the physical, social, cultural and economic aspects of life. The management of slum areas in Bontang City becomes strategic because slums are integrated with the rest of the city including the downtown area and urban growth centers, as well as with the other areas in the vicinity, such as industrial, commercial, warehousing, and office areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the slum areas. The identification methods do not discriminate the distribution of slum areas. The criteria used include non-economic vitality, regional economic vitality, land ownership status, infrastructure and facility conditions, local government’s commitment, and handling priorities. Environmental assessment of the slums was done by assigning a weighting system to each of the above criteria. The determination of the weights of the criteria is relative and depends on the individual and group preferences in looking at the influence of each criterion. The improvement or treatment patterns appropriate to be applied in Bontang City should be in accordance with the site characteristics. Locations with high-scale slum category (HS) requires the curative pattern while those with moderate category (MS) should take reductive treatment, and slum areas with low-scale category (LS) will require preventive treatment.

The role of Agricultural sector isn't only to ensure food supplies but also as an income generating through export activities. Padang is potentially developed to modern agriculture due to vast number of agriculture land. Base on regulation No.18 of 2004 on RPJP and Regulation No.9 of 2009 on RPJM, Padang is declared as Agropolitan area. The Agropolitan concept is expected to increase agriculture-based development, because the GDP share of agriculture is relatively small. This study aims are to analyze a basic food crops, 2) to choose the region which will develop as agropolitan area base on availability of facilities and infrastructure in that region and 3) to formulate development strategies of agropolitan area. The analysis of LQ indicate rice crop as the basic commodity with the LQ greater than one. Skalogram analysis and diamond porter show that Sub District Kuranji is potentially developed as a growth center in the Agropolitan Area because it has the most complete facilities and infrastructure. In this research the development strategies are to develop agricultural infrastructure (sub terminal of agribusiness) and institutional strengthening of capital institution.

Analysis of spatial typology of land demage can give an idea on how community behavior was and can be used as an indicator of how society treats the land resources now and for the future. This paper aims to describe the spatial analysis of land demage typology based on geographic information system. The research was carried out in the hill-mountainous area of Kulonprogro, DIY. The approach was a mix of quantitative and qualitative research. The units of analysis are farm households and landform units. The study was conducted using survey and in-depth interviews. The results show that the typology of land demage rate is lower than the actual level typology of potential land demage, which means the level of potential land demage is not always directly proportional to the level of actual land demage. The factor of local wisdom in the study area plays an important role in the management of agricultural land.

Globalization brings many consequences for Indonesian urban development and the communities. Industrialization is one of them. Globalization also brings policy transformation affecting the community’s welfare and lifestyle. One of the indicators is that local values have started to fade. The similar condition also occurs in fishermen’s and fish farmers’ settlements in Semarang, which have transformed into industrial settlements in 1980s during the industrialization period. Land conversion occurred in a short time from ponds and rice fields into factories, warehouses, and new labor’s settlements. It did not take a long time for the community’s local values to transform into the new ones influenced by the welfare level of the new community. Based on the phenomena, this study aims to understand the lifestyle of the community and its influence in managing the housing environment with Genuk coastal area of Semarang City as a case. This research has three objectives: to understand the motivation to urbanization, to comprehend the neighborhoods’ conditions, and to comprehend the influence of community’s lifestyle towards the settlement condition. In achieving the objectives, the qualitative approach supported by some quantitative data is used. The results show that there are three classes of the community influencing the environmental management. It is found that the people’s migration reasons had a big influence for the environmental management. In this case, the middle-class community is a key stakeholder to overcome the environmental problems. It becomes good initiator. On the contrary, the lower class has a less role in dealing with the environmental problems. It has even a big contribution on environmental degradation. Meanwhile, the upper class pays less attention to the environment. Only a little part of it, especially the local one, is willing to take part in the environmental management. The middle-class people consider that the problems arise due to the inappropriate planning. Unfortunately, they are not capable of dealing with the problems. On the contrary, the upper-class people consider that the issues arise from the lower class behavior that does not pay attention to the environment. As a consequence, the upper-class community is not willing to address the problems.

Decentralization policy in Indonesia gives development authority at local government level which cause fragmentation among regions. On the other hand, there are some government affairs that need to be managed jointly between several regions, so that inter-regional cooperation is necessary. Greater Bandung Metropolitan has rapid development from Bandung City to regions arround it. With the increasing of activity rate, good infrastructure planning including transportation system planning are needed. Decision making in planning implies many considerations, so that transaction cost such as information, negotiation, enforcement, and agency were involved. For the purpose of increasing public services, study of inter-regional collaboration models are needed. Based on the analysis, found that there are factors that will cause transaction costs such as unequal distribution of information, conflict of interest, actor who dominates, and lack of commitments of stakeholders. Then the results obtained that the model that appropriate to applied in Greater Bandung Metropolitan is jointly-formed authority, which is an institution consisting of representatives from each local governments and has the authority to execute policy in particular sector.