The incompatibility of cotton fibres with numerous dyestuffs can be addressed through the utilisation of considerable quantities of electrolytes. Nevertheless, the extensive utilisation of electrolytes during reactive dyeing inevitably results in the formation of a significant volume of wastewater. To address this challenge, cotton is cationized with cationic agents, thereby enhancing its dyeability with anionic dyestuffs. This study was derived from the findings of a doctoral thesis conducted as a result of a collaborative project between Pamukkale University and Ozanteks Textile Company, a prominent towel and bathrobe manufacturer in Turkey. This research paper is a two-part study. In the initial section of this paper, 100% cotton terry towel fabrics were subjected to cationization procedures during and after the bleaching process in a laboratory setting, utilising six distinct commercial cationization agents. Subsequently, the cationized cotton terry towel fabrics were subjected to dyeing processes, namely salt-free reactive dyeing, conventional reactive dyeing, and acid dyeing. The CIELAB values, rubbing and washing fastness, and colour strength (K/S) values of the cotton terry towel fabrics were compared. Subsequently, a decision analysis study (analytical hierarchical process, AHP) was conducted to identify the optimal cationization agent and processes for big commercial-scale applications. The criteria included color strength, color fastness, and cationic agent cost. In light of the findings of the AHP studies, CA1 coded cationization agent (based on polyammonium compounds) was identified as the optimal cationic agent for utilisation in commercial dyeing, the specifics of which will be outlined in the subsequent paper. Moreover, the findings indicated that cationization should be carried out after bleaching. The second part of the paper presents the results of big commercial scale cationization, reactive and acid dyeings carried out using the selected cationization agent and processes. The influence of these processes on the fastness properties (wash, perspiration and water fastness) and physical characteristics (tensile strength and water absorption) of cotton terry towel fabrics was evaluated by statistical comparison. The chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total chemical, energy, and water consumption of the commercially available dyes were also compared to assess their environmental impact.

The thermal comfort properties of different finishing treated 100% cotton, 50:50% cotton/linen and 100% linen knitted fabrics were investigated in this study. For this purpose, air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity, thermal resistance, and water vapour permeability properties were measured. While pectinase enzyme increased the thermal conductivity of cotton included fabrics, cellulase enzyme increased the thermal conductivity of 100% linen fabrics. It was observed that cellulase and pectinase enzymes affect the thermal comfort properties of 100% cotton, 50:50% cotton/linen and 100% linen knitted fabrics differently. Softening treatment increased thermal resistance and decreased water vapour permeability of 100% linen knitted fabrics. It can be concluded that cellulase enzyme treated 100% linen fabrics can be used in summer clothes because of better thermal comfort and permeability properties.

Nowadays, generation Z, who is the youngest consumers in the society, is defined as the individuals that were born in 1995 and after. Individuals in this generation are intertwined with technology and internet since they have born. Generation Z consists of individuals; who possess high self-confidence, who are excessively social, creative and independent, who can easily use technology, who like irregularities and who give great importance to individuality. Therefore, their buying behaviors differ from other generations’ buying behaviors. In this context, this research aims to analyze the clothing buying behaviors of generation Z. Also, it aims to reveal the differences between clothing buying behaviors of generation Z, who lives in two different countries that possess different socio-cultural and economical structures. In accordance with the aim of the research, surveys are conducted in Turkey and Sweden and the obtained data are comparatively analyzed. According to the obtained results, generation Z gives great importance to the quality, fabric, color, design and fitting of bought clothing products. Also, they give great importance to after sales services’ quality, the presence of plenty more clothing product alternatives and the different usage possibilities of the clothing products.

The human population continues to increase at a rising pace each year. Consequently, technology is also changing and advancing. The growing population, developing technology, and continuous consumption have led to the depletion and insufficiency of existing natural resources. Humans are inherently consuming beings. The primary reason for the inadequacy of resources used to meet consumption needs is the continual increase in consumption itself. Ensuring the sustainability of existing resources is crucial in maintaining the continuity of the consumption and production cycle. Incorporating environmental sustainability into processes is particularly important for the textile sector, which consumes natural resources at various stages of production. This study evaluates waste products such as poultry feathers (turkey and ostrich feathers), waste polyester, and original wool fibers transformed into a sandwich-structured layered textile. These are considered sustainable waste products. After converting waste materials and other textile materials into quilted layered sandwich structures, their thermal comfort properties were measured. Sandwich structures were prepared with waste polyester and original wool fibers of different thicknesses, along with waste turkey and ostrich feathers. The results indicated that the thermal comfort values of the layered quilted structures improved with increasing fiber fineness. In structures created with different fiber compositions, thermal comfort values relatively decreased, whereas structures supplemented with turkey and ostrich feathers showed improved thermal comfort values. In terms of air permeability of the layered structures, it was observed that while wool layers exhibited poor air permeability under 2kPa pressure, layers composed of mixed components demonstrated better air permeability. This study demonstrates that quilted layered structures produced from waste and recycled materials can be utilized in the production of thermal comfort-specific structures.

This study investigates the successful removal of color from wastewater generated during the dyeing of widely used viscose fabrics in the textile industry using the advanced oxidation process, UV/ H2O2. Subsequently, the usability of these treated waters for repeated dyeing is examined. No chemicals other than the dye were added during the dyeing process. The results demonstrate that viscose samples can be dyed successfully up to the 3rd cycle without any significant loss in color difference and fastness values. While no change in pH values was observed until the 7th cycle, there was a decrease in conductivity values, resulting in the samples being dyed in progressively lighter colors. No significant losses in fastness and strength were detected in the samples until the 7th cycle. The textile finishing industry is known for its high water consumption and pollution, contributing to a rapid decrease in accessible clean water resources. This wastewater is discharged into the environment, posing significant environmental challenges. According to the findings of this study, the ability to reuse the same water for up to 3 cycles can offer substantial advantages in terms of both the environment and cost savings.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant that has been used in yarn production for thousands of years. Its fibers are natural fibers used in the textile, paper, and bio-based composite industries. Different pooling methods are used to obtain fibers from the hemp plant. The study aims to investigate yarn production possibilities not only for twine and rope but also for high-value-added textile materials. Within the scope of the research, the extracted fibers of Samsun's local hemp were retted with hydrogen peroxide in an ultrasonic environment and then treated with laccase. The resulting fibers were characterized. It was observed that the extracted fibers, which were retted at 60C for 60 minutes with 10 g/l H2O2, 8 g/l NaOH and 0.5 g/l stabilizer, gained spinnability after treatment with laccase. Ne12/1 open-end (82.5% cotton/17.5% hemp) yarn was spun with the fibers in question.

In this study, microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM) were imparted into nanofibers using electrospinning method and an original material composite systems, microparticles interconnected through nanofibers were produced. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacryate-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) shells and n-octadecane and Rubitherm RT-21 core were formed for this study. Composites with low diameter nanofibers as compored to microparticles consisted of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and dispersed MEPCMs together. MEPCMs were produced through commonly used emulsion polymerization technique. They were dispersed into PAN solution in dimethylformamide (DMF) and electrospinned. Thermophysical properties of MEPCMs dispersed nanofibers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy instrument was used to prove copresence of core, shell, and nanofiber materials. Besides, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) device was used to examine the morphology of MEPCMs and the MEPCM nanofiber composites.

This paper presents impact of the use of hybrid weft yarns on denim fabric performance. It explores the synergy between the mechanical properties of these yarns and their influence on fabric characteristics like elasticity, recovery, and bagging resistance. For this purpose, different types of elastane in different thicknesses, polyester and elastomultiester were used in the production of soft-core and double-core spun yarns. Highlighting significant advancements in yarn production technologies and material selection, the study underscores the potential of these yarns in enhancing the functional attributes of denim fabrics. The results indicated that rather than the type of elastane, the characteristics of the yarn type and core components had statistically significant effects on the performance of yarn and fabric.

This study delves into the exploration of an alternative bleaching method as a substitute for hydrogen peroxide, addressing concerns related to its excessive chemical usage, high waste load, and elevated energy and water consumption. Photocatalytic bleaching was implemented on 100% cotton fabrics. Initially, hydrogen peroxide served as a catalyst, and the photocatalytic effect was meticulously examined. Subsequently, nano-sized TiO2 was introduced into the photocatalytic recipe, and operational conditions were fine-tuned to determine the optimal bleaching process for cotton fabrics. All photocatalytic experiments were systematically compared with conventional hydrojen peroxide bleaching method. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing color spectrum values, SEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR-ATR tests, was conducted. The results revealed a notable 13.36% enhancement in whiteness performance during bleaching when subjected to photocatalytic treatment with nano TiO2 and H2O2 in tandem. This study posits itself as an environmentally conscious alternative to the long-standing conventional bleaching processes prevalent in the textile industry.

In this study, a nanofiber surface loaded with apheresis platelet concentrate (APC) was produced for the first time to develop a bioactive wound dressing design. Nanofiber surface (n=5) consisting of polyurethane polymer outer layer, polyvinyl alcohol polymer middle layer, and polycaprolactone polymer matrix inner layer were produced via the electrospinning method. The surface morphologies of the produced nanofiber surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative analyzes of growth factors released from the APC-loaded composite nanofiber surfaces into phosphate-buffered saline at certain time intervals were performed with the ELISA. When the release amounts between bFGF, EGF, and PDGF-AA groups were compared, a significant difference was found in all periods (p0.05), but there was a significant difference between the EGF and PDGF-AA growth factors (p