The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of male and female students’ participation in decision-making mechanisms in high schools and the effect of gender on the reasons that lead to this distribution. Sequential explanatory design was, a mixed method design, was followed in the study. The participants were students in a high school offering mixed-gender education located in a city center in Turkey in the 2016-2017 academic year. 'Decision Making Mechanisms Form' was used to collect quantitative data and descriptive statistics techniques (i.e. frequency and percentage) were used to analyze the data. 'Electee Questionnaire' and 'Voter Questionnaire' have been developed in order to collect qualitative data. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data collected in this stage. The results showed that students did not have enough motivation to participate in decision-making mechanisms, there were fewer female students in both being the candidate and being the president/assistant/representative, the proportion of female students decreased as the level of representation in decision-making mechanisms increased, and there were problems in adhering to democratic election principles when selecting representatives at schools. The qualitative data analysis results suggested that students' purposes of being the representative were not in line with democratic values. Male students tended to prefer male candidates. Female students experienced problems both in the process of being the candidate and in the process of doing their job due to their gender. Students, mostly female students, did not make propaganda and did not use democratic propaganda methods. Students had gender stereotypes about women’s participation in decision-making mechanisms. Female students are aiming to break down the patriarchal mindset by supporting female students in elections.

The objective of this research study is to determine the relationship between perceptions of organizational support and attitudes of organizational cynicism in teachers who work in high schools. The relational screening model among the general screening models was recruited in this research study. The universe of the study constitutes a total of 2805 teachers from different branches working in 47 high schools in Elazig province during 2016-2017 academic year. According to the results of the research; perceptions of the teachers’ organizational support and justice sub-dimension are in the level of high, while the teachers’ perceptions of the personal and professional development sub-dimension and the whole scale are in moderate level. The teachers’ perceptions of the organizational ownership sub-dimension is in the level of low. There is a high level of relationship between organizational support and justice and personal and professional development. For gender change, female teachers’ perceptions of organizational ownership are more positive than male teachers. The perceptions of the teachers working in the province center on the scale and organizational support and justice and personal and professional development sub-dimensions are higher than the district centers. As for the question of ‘do you think that they will leave the institution?’, 64% of the teachers answered no, 18,4% responded as partially and 17,6% responded yes. The highest score that teachers receive from organizational cynicism is the cognitive cynicism attitude scores. There is a moderately negative correlation between cognitive and affective cynicism and organizational support and justice: and there is a weak negative relationship between behavioral cynicism and organizational support and justice. Together with organizational support and justice, personal and professional development and organizational ownership sub-factors present a moderate, negative and meaningful relationship with teachers’ cognitive cynicism attitude scores.

The purpose of this study is to examine the quantity and quality of the data component used by seventh-grade students in their arguments related to issues unique to the city of Bolu: Seben Lake, chicken coops, leather tanneries, base stations, and Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP). Three different study groups, with 12 participants in each group (in total 36 participants), were the subject of this research, which was conducted over a total of 10 weeks. Each study group interacted with a different data source: the outdoor group collected data on field trips, the newspaper group read and examined related articles in the press, and the presentation group listened to visual presentations. The groups reflected the data obtained from their data sources to the argumentation implementations. The resulting of content analyses, based on the items in Toulmin’s (1958) argument model showed that, of the total of 847 data components generated in the participants’ argumentations, the newspaper group used the most data in their arguments, while the presentation group employed the least data. The outdoor and presentation groups generally utilized data based on the data cited in their data source, while the newspaper group used more data based on their daily life experiences. The highest amount of data was employed in relation to the issue of leather tanneries based on data acquired during field trips in the outdoor group, in relation to HPP based on visual presentations in the presentation group, and in relation to Seben Lake based on daily life experiences in the newspaper group. In conclusion, the quantity and the quality of the data component used in students’ arguments with regard to local socioscientific issues changed according to the data source with which they interacted and the content of the socioscientific issue. In light of this, a few suggestions are made in this paper’s conclusion.

Independent toileting is an important developmental skill for multiple disabled individuals coping with many problems during their daily life. Effective toilet training interventions are carried out in accordance with the using of operation processes together, such as positive reinforcement or punishment. The aim of this study is to teach daytime toilet training to a child with multiple disabilities through the system of token economy before teaching the child nighttime toileting through nighttime toilet training method. According to the results, the daytime toilet training program in which the token economy system was utilized and nighttime toilet training had an effect on toilet training of a child with multiple disabilities. The child learning the ability of daytime and nighttime toileting could maintain this ability 30, 40 and 50 days after completing the training.

The aim of this study is to develop a unique application based on a combination of distinct disciplines brought together by thematic approach in Social Studies course. This study investigated the effect of a developed application on students' academic achievement and creative thinking skills. Interviews were conducted with students. Of mixed methods, the Embedded Design was the research model of choice as it is dominated by the quantitative approach and supported by the qualitative approach. The “Torrance Test of Creative Thinking” was used to quantitatively collect data on the change in students' creative thinking skills while Academic Achievement Test Questions were developed to collect data on the change in students' academic achievement. Semi-structured Interview Forms and Student Detective Files were the qualitative data collection tools used in the study. The former enabled students to evaluate the process while the latter included activities prepared within the scope of the application. Results show that the application caused a statistically significant difference in creative thinking skills and academic achievement. Interviews reveal that experimental group positively assessed all designed activities. Activities positively affected students' feelings and thoughts towards social sciences and Social Studies course. Students associated the social science course with different disciplines (Sciences, Turkish, Mathematics, Religion, Law, Health, Safety etc.).

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT), a product of scientific advancements and new technologies in the field of measurement and evaluation in education, may be considered beneficial in reaching more valid and reliable test results for students with visual impairment. CAT renders more reliable test results in less time with fewer items that are well-matched to the ability levels of students. When these basic properties of CAT are considered, we can state that the use of CAT in assessing the ability levels of students with visual impairment may provide a significant step in attaining fair and comparative test results. The aim of this research is to develop audio-based CAT software for visually impaired students and to guide future studies by providing assessment, development, and design procedures. We created an item pool comprised of 166 audible items to assess the listening comprehension levels of students with visual impairment at secondary school. We have reported all data that indicate the validity and reliability scores through test development process, such as the acquisition analyses, expert opinions, pre-trial application (n=196), trial application (n=608), assumptions for the Item Response Theory. We have depicted of all the steps of software development on the basis of multimedia design principles in detail. Parameter estimates and software development studies were made according to 3 parameter logistic model. During item development and software testing, opinions of 7 students with visual impairment were considered. As a result, a valid and reliable CAT, named SesliTest , has been developed for students with visual impairment at secondary school. The research carries great importance since it proves CAT is applicable for students with visual impairment.

The purpose of this study is to try to determine the attitude and knowledge levels of teachers regarding radiation. The sample of the research consists of 274 teachers from various branches working in primary and secondary schools in a city with a population of 250 000. Personal data survey and the scale of attitude towards the radiation concept prepared by Torun, Yalcin, and Altun Yalcin (2011) were used in order to collect data. The data obtained were transferred to the SPSS 15 package program and analyzed. Evaluation was done with respect to gender of teachers in the sample, the faculty they graduated from, the institution they work at and the school level they work at and independent t-test was used to compare their opinions obtained. The One-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used in order to determine whether there are any differences between group variables related to the education branches of teachers in the sample, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if there are differences between group variables related to the region of the university of graduation and the educational status of teachers. According to the results of the study, no significant differences were found among teachers in terms of the variables of the level of education, the region of the university of graduation, the faculty of graduation, the institution of employment and the level of education, while significant differences were found in variables the gender of teachers and their education branch.