Objetivo. Describir la metodología de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut Continua 2025), incluyendo su diseño muestral, operacionalización, submuestras específicas y utilidad para orientar decisiones de política pública. Material y métodos. Se empleó un diseño probabilístico, multietápico, estratificado y por conglomerados. La muestra general incluirá 11 940 viviendas para obtener 9 000 hogares completos y aproximadamente 16 462 entrevistas individuales de salud completos. Además, se entrevistará a la población derechohabiente del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado de las viviendas seleccionadas, para la cual se espera obtener 1 464 entrevistas de salud. Asimismo, el componente Salud Casa por Casa permitirá realizar 6 087 entrevistas de salud, en todas las personas adultas mayores (55+). La recolección se realizará entre agosto y diciembre de 2025, mediante cuestionarios electrónicos, mediciones estandarizadas y toma de muestras sanguíneas. Resultados. Se espera generar estimaciones actualizadas sobre indicadores clave de salud, nutrición, uso de servicios, acceso a alimentos y condiciones del entorno, y analizar tendencias entre 2021 y 2025, así como caracterizar inequidades por edad, sexo, región y tipo de localidad. Conclusiones. La Ensanut 2025 consolida un sistema de vigilancia en salud y nutrición basado en evidencia, con enfoque de ciclo de vida y pertinencia operativa. Su diseño robusto permitirá una mejor planeación, implementación y evaluación de políticas públicas.

Objetivo. Analizar los diferentes elementos en los argumentos recibidos durante la consulta pública del Proyecto de Modificación a la Norma Oficial Mexicana-051 (NOM-051), con énfasis en la protección de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA). Material y métodos. Se analizó la información de 1 095 argumentos, se identificó a los actores clave y se realizó un análisis de contenido para conocer la postura, a favor o en contra de los numerales relacionados con la protección a NNA. El análisis se hizo en el programa NVivo. Resultados. Se identificaron 781 actores clave. Durante la consulta pública se identificaron cuatro tácticas del sector privado para interferir en el proceso de la NOM-051: a) grupos fachada que enviaron comentarios en contra de la NOM-051; b) cuestionar la evidencia científica sobre la relación del consumo de edulcorantes y el desarrollo de obesidad en escolares; c) cuestionar la efectividad del uso del etiquetado de advertencia para edulcorantes; d) responsabilizar a los individuos de su enfermedad. Conclusión. La interferencia del sector privado en el proceso de implementación de la NOM-051 fue evidente en los argumentos enviados durante la consulta pública.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of seven Covid-19 vaccines in preventing disease progression (DP) using data from national private sector workers during the Omicron wave in Mexico from January 2 to March 5, 2022. Materials and methods. This study employed an administrative retrospective cohort design, analyzing DP (hospitalization or death due to respiratory disease) among workers who filed a respiratory short-term disability claim and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Risk ratios (RRadj) were estimated using Poisson regression models adjusted for various factors. Results. Vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of hospitalization and death compared with unvaccinated individuals. The overall RRadj for hospitalization and death were 0.36 (95%CI 0.32, 0.41) and 0.24 (0.17, 0.33), respectively. When evaluating vaccines individually, the RRadj for hospitalization were as follows Pfizer BioNTech 0.27 (95%CI 0.22, 0.33), Moderna 0.29 (95%CI 0.15, 0.57), Sinovac 0.32 (95%CI 0.25, 0.41), AstraZeneca 0.39 (95%CI 0.34, 0.46), Sputnik 0.39 (95%CI 0.28, 0.53), CanSino 0.41 (95%CI 0.24, 0.7), and Janssen 0.53 (95%CI 0.39, 0.72). The RRadj for death were as follows: Pfizer BioNTech 0.12 (95%CI 0.07, 0.19), Sputnik 0.15 (95%CI 0.06, 0.38), Sinovac 0.29 (95%CI 0.16, 0.53), AstraZeneca 0.30 (95%CI 0.20, 0.44), CanSino 0.38 (95%CI 0.1, 1.4), and Janssen 0.50 (95%CI 0.26, 0.97). Conclusion. Covid-19 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of severe disease during the Omicron wave in Mexico.

Objective. To assess the impact of a vaccination campaign that administered five different technologies in a middle-income country with one of the largest Covid-19 epidemics. Materials and methods. Using data from Mexico’s Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Disease (Sisver) and the design of the vaccine policy in Mexico as a natural experiment, we applied difference-in-differences econometric methods to assess the strategy’s effectiveness on transmission, hospitalizations, and mortality rates among adults 60 to 64 years old in Mexico between April and June 2021. Results. We estimated average effectiveness levels of 60.9% against confirmed cases of Covid-19. Vaccination also decreased hospitalizations and deaths by 62.7 and 62.6%, respectively. After adjusting for vaccination coverage, we found an impact of 79.1, 80.9, and 81.3% reduction in new cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among the vaccinated. Conclusion. Despite the significant progress in our knowledge of Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness, the available evidence relies mostly on experiences from high-income countries. This study contributes to the scientific literature of Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness in a middle-income country with a multi-vaccine scheme.

The growing cancer burden particularly among less developed countries requires local data to plan and evaluate cancer control measures. This article describes the development of a population-based cancer registry network (PBCRN) in Mexico that took place between 2017 and 2020 and present related data. The PBCRN, led by the National Cancer Institute (Incan), included nine registries representing 11.3% of the Mexican population. Definitions, coding, and operative processes were based on international standards. All cities were visited to set up local structure; personnel were hired by Incan and trained in basic cancer registration in Merida. A specific software was developed. Regular virtual meetings took place for data verification and quality control. Data collection included institutions of the public and private health system. Personnel included 34 registrars, nine local leaders, and 12 staff members at the Incan. A total of 13 517 cases were recorded between 2017-2020, 64% percent of them were among females. Breast cancer was the more frequent malignancy (23.3%), followed by digestive organs with (18.4%) and female genital cancers (13.5%). Childhood (0-14 years) and adolescents cancer represented 4.4% of the total new cancer cases. The network was suspended in 2020. The present effort lacked sustainability and data were only partial. However, the experience provides valuable insights to be considered for the renewed cancer registration efforts that are currently ongoing in Mexico.

n/a

Vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) are two safe and highly effective vaccines that were developed at the end of the 20th century and can prevent human cancer. HBV vaccine prevents liver cancer, and HPV prevents cervical and other HPV-related cancers. Starting with the immunogen identification, 15 years were necessary to reach the industrial production of HBV vaccine, and 20 years, for the HPV vaccines. However, while HBV vaccines have been commercially available for over 40 years and are used in most countries, there are still significant challenges to achieve universal childhood immunization against hepatitis B. Similarly, HPV vaccines have been commercially available for 17 years, and yet, countries with higher cervical cancer still have the lowest HPV vaccination rates. We describe the development of HBV and HPV vaccines and discuss the challenges to reaching equitable access to these vaccines in Latin America.

Objective. To present the development of a training model called AMBAR (Atención a la mujer embarazada y al recién nacido [Care for pregnant women and newborns]), which was designed to improve the quality of attention of health personnel responsible for obstetric care. Materials and methods. AMBAR was designed based on the results of a qualitative study exploring public health providers’ needs and experiences. It was implemented in three health networks, and a total of 339 health personnel participated. Results. The educational design of the course was appealing to the trained personnel, and the inclusion of simulations in all modules encouraged interest, participation, as well as the integration of new knowledge and skills into practice. Conclusion. AMBAR can promote better practices and increase the quality of birth care. With the proper support and willingness of staff and management, AMBAR can be implemented in all health services, both public and private.

Objetivo. Identificar factores sociodemográficos y sanitarios en mujeres que requirieron prestaciones asociadas con la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE). Material y métodos. Diseño transversal retrospectivo desde registros oficiales por centros de salud entre 2018-2020. Análisis con estadística descriptiva y modelos de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. Asociación entre IVE y causal por violación vs. riesgo de vida de la mujer (aRP [razón de prevalencia ajustada]=1.16 [IC95%: 1.11,1.21]); nivel Fonasa A (Fondo Nacional de Salud) (aRP=0.79 [IC95%: 0.67,0.93]), B (aRP= 0.79 [IC95%: 0.67,0.93]) y C vs. Isapre (Institución de Salud Previsional) (aRP= 0.73 [IC95%: 0.58,0.93]). A medida que aumenta el nivel de atención, desde nivel primario al terciario, incrementaría la probabilidad de interrumpir el embarazo (aRM [razón de momios ajustados]= 0.59 IC95%: 0.36,0.99; aRM= 0.58 [IC95%: 0.35,0.96]). Conclusión. Se proporcionan estimaciones nacionales en materia de IVE. Destaca que diferentes determinantes sociosanitarios son importantes de considerar para promover lineamientos y políticas sanitarias para promover los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la autonomía reproductiva.

Objective. To estimate adolescent use of outpatient services, identifying their health needs and associated socioeconomic factors. Materials and methods. Using data from Ensanut 2018-2019, adolescents (ages 10-19) with health needs and those receiving care from health personnel (users) were identified. Needs were analyzed by sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Logistic models were used to assess the factors associated with the use of health care and choice of provider. Results. 6% of adolescents reported health needs, of whom 64% used outpatient services. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections were the principal health needs prompting use of services overall. However, by SES, motivations centered on pregnancy for the poor and accidental injuries for the wealthy. One in three adolescents with health needs, particularly the poorest, received no care. Living with a partner and having health insurance were the main predictors of use. Greater schooling among household heads and higher SES correlated with the use of private services. Conclusions. Despite being aware of their health needs, adolescents are the group that uses health services the least in Mexico. Promoting preventative and timely treatment for this population would encourage youths to seek care more often.