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EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT UNDER COVID-19) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMEs IN NIGERIA’S FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA

The study examined the effects of economic environment under Covid-19) on the performance of SMEs having observed that businesses including SMEs are struggling to adapt to the new normal imposed by the novel disease. Thus, the study hinged on the dynamic capability theory examined the effects of economic environment under Covid-19) on the performance of sachet water production businesses in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study employed the convenience and simple random technique to select and administer copies of questionnaire on 180 respondents. With a response rate of 77.22%, the collated data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques including simple percentage (%); the Mean; Standard Deviation (SD), the ANOVA and Multiple Regression techniques via the SPSS. Overall, the results indicated that economic environment under Covid-19) significantly affected the production outputs and the sales volumes of SMEs in the FCT. Most specifically, the results indicated that the different inflation had the most effects on the volumes of outputs and sales by the selected businesses while the decline in personal savings had the least. Consequently, the study recommended that SMEs should continually adapt and adjust to the changes in the external environments in order to survive, compete, grow and expand.

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THE USE OF VISUAL CONTENT AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS CAMPAIGN ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN ANAMBRA STATE

Social Media and Public Relations have been intertwined for a number of years. Social Media is a significant part of any PR strategy, it has a much faster response time and a wider audience engagement than PR techniques of old. Social Media affords individuals an opportunity to show a different side of themselves and allows a brand to show more of its personality. With this shift, PR- enabling phenomena such as selfies, Instagram and Snapchat filters, Facebook Live and Periscope, have become completely ingrained into our day-to-day lives. The rising trend of visual content in Social Media means that PR will not only have to adapt to a new type of content but also a new format for successfully delivering brand messages. The study examined the Use of Visual Content and Augmented Reality for Public Relations Campaigns on Social Media in Anambra State. The study anchored on Grunig and Hunt's Public Relations Model and Technological Determinism Theory. The population comprises Public Relations professionals in Anambra State. Survey Research Method was used to solicit information. The purposive sampling method was used to gather data for the study. The study revealed that social media has already adapted visual content with the successes of Facebook Live and Instagram stories. The study revealed that by utilising visual content on social media, brands can engage in a more direct way with the audience. The study recommends that organizations, businesses and parastatals should adapt visual content and augmented reality format for successfully delivering brand messages and that there is a need for PR professionals to have new skill sets, to be able to effectively film and edit visual content.

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CHINESE AMBITIOUS STRIVE TO LEAD A NEW WORLD ORDER AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

The World is presently undergoing two critical transitions – the energy transition to net zero emissions, which has become a topic of great concerns because of the existential threat to humanity, and a possible geopolitical world order transition from the Western-dominated Bretton wood system, to a multipolar, shared future model orchestrated by China and its allies. China has become a fierce contender of the global leadership with a mantra for a change from the American led World Order, having itself benefited immensely from the Bretton wood institutions under the American hegemony. With its economic growth and technological advancement, China is now championing a new world order, and many countries are already aligning with this vision, especially as China provides huge economic support in the form of loans and through its One Belt One Road Initiatives, which, without doubt has benefited some countries on the African continent. China’s call is also clearly heard in the formation and rapid expansion of BRICS Group, which has also been welcome by other countries, as a platform to break free from the Western hegemony. That notwithstanding, China generous infrastructural project, has in most cases been branded as a debt trap, and this is where it is important for Africa to be more careful and detailed when negotiating any debt with China. Africa must also remain unaligned in view of the current scramble by both Western and Eastern Powers for its natural resources to fuel their energy demands, especially for rare earth minerals for the energy transition technologies. Africa must visibly wear its Africana Agenda in any fora to protect its political and economic sovereignty, while dealing with its Western and Eastern suitors for its resources.

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EMERGING TRENDS OF TEACHERS' RESISTANCE TO CLASSROOM VISITATION, MONITORING AND SUPPORT PRACTICES CARRIED OUT BY DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICIALS

This study examines the emerging trends of teachers’ resistance to classroom visitation, monitoring and support practices carried out by district education officials in the Elliotdale Circuit secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District, South Africa. A qualitative approach as well as a case study design were adopted. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select a sample size of twenty-two (22) participants which comprised five (5) principals, twelve (12) teachers, two (2) subject advisors from the District Education Office and three (3) teacher union members from the teacher union office in the Elliotdale Circuit. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the provincial and district education offices. Audiotape recording was used to collect data through face-to-face in-depth individual interviews. Data were analysed thematically. Findings were that there were frequent and unannounced district officials' classroom visitation and monitoring in schools, district and provincial officials displayed some bossy behaviours in schools, there were cases of teachers being victimised and harassed by departmental officials, some teachers were lazy to teach and also expressed fear of been called failures, the existence of teacher unions significantly influenced teacher resistance to classroom visitations and there was fear of change and the unknown experienced by some teachers. Recommendations made were that: The District Education Office should work hand in hand with the Elliotdale Circuit to organize change management, curriculum and pedagogical content knowledge workshops for teachers, school heads and provincial and district education officials to equip them with knowledge on sources and nature of resistance to change in schools and how to ensure classroom visitation and school monitoring are solely based on teacher support and development and so should be devoid of victimization, harassment, witch-hunting and fault-finding.

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