Introduction: Complications of Cushing disease (CD), like diabetes and lipid disturbances, are the risk factors for higher morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to compare the metabolic status of patients with CD with obese children and assessed the impact of remission on metabolic consequences. Material and methods: This retrospective study analyzed 32 patients (aged 5 to 17 years) with CD. We evaluated anthropometric data and laboratory parameters -cholesterol fractions, glucose, and insulin levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results were obtained at the moment of diagnosis and after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS), leading to remission. The data were compared with the age-matched and body mass index-matched control groups. Results: At diagnosis, 40% of patients had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 6.7% diabetes (DM), and 3% impaired fasting glucose (IFG). In the lipids profile, 81% of patients presented elevated total cholesterol (TC), 66.7% low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and 64% triglycerides (TG). After TSS, we detected only one child with IGT. Patients had lower glucose levels in 0 minutes ('), 30', 90',120', insulin levels in 0', 30', and 90' of OGTT, and lower TC and LDL-c than before TSS. There were statistically significant differences between the study and the control group in insulin levels at all-time points of the OGTT, fasting glucose levels, and 90' of the test. TC, LDL-c, and TG were statistically higher in the CD group. Conclusions: Remission significantly impacts improving metabolic parameters. Patients with CD require a higher insulin level to maintain normoglycemia than patients with obesity.

Menstrual disorders in adolescent girls are acommon clinical problem. They are often accompanied by lipid and glucose metabolism disturbances. The aim of the study was to investigate to what extent the metabolic profile of adolescent girls relates to the severity of their menstrual disorders. The study included 165 girls with menstrual disturbances and 49 regularly menstruating girls (REG) without clinical hyperandrogenism, matched for age and BMI. The subjects from the study group were divided into 2 subgroups: OLIGO - 111 girls with oligomenorrhea and SA - 54 girls with secondary amenorrhoea. In all girls, hormonal, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism profiles were assessed. In the SA subgroup concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL were significantly higher than in the REG and OLIGO groups. Triglyceride (TG) concentration was also the highest in the SA group and significantly higher than in the REG group. The prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders was higher in the SA group (65%) vs. the REG (40%) and OLIGO (51%) groups. The subgroups did not differ significantly in terms of fasting and OGTT glucose and insulin as well as HOMA-IR. TyG index was significantly higher in the OLIGO and SA groups than in the REG group. BMI z-score correlated with TG, LDL, fasting and 120' OGTT glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and TyG and negatively with HDL. No relationship between hormonal concentration and metabolic disturbances was found. Adolescent girls with menstrual disorders are insulin resistant, regardless of PCOS diagnosis. The severity of menstrual disorders may be related to the incidence of lipid disorders in adolescent girls.

It is proven that life style modification (diet and physical exercises) have positive effect on the metabolic functions in pa-tients with obesity, even without significant weight reduction. The objective of the present study was to check whether the intensive controlled lifestyle intervention (personalized diet modification and monitored, regular physical activity) may have positive impact on the concentration of irisin and chemerin in children with obesity. Twenty children (mean age 8.9) were included in the prospective, cross-over study. They were randomly assigned to group A (with three months intensive intervention), and B (standard intervention). After three months, the groups were switched. Mean irisin level increased significantly after the phase of intensive intervention (4.8 to 5.1 µg/ml; p = 0.03), regardless of whether the intervention was applied from the beginning (Group A) or after 3 months from the advice of healthy-lifestyle (Group B). A period without intensive monitoring was associated with a significant reduction of irisin level. For chemerin in the group A (starting from intensive intervention) mean level decreased after the phase of intensive intervention (65.8 to 57.0 ng/ml), and then increased to 67 ng/ml during the standard intervention. In the group B after the standard intervention period chemerin level increased 67.5 to 68.8 ng/ml (p = 0.03), and then after introduction the intensive intervention de-creased to 63.7 ng/ml. Personalized diet modification and regular, daily exercises may positively influence on the levels of irisin and chemerin.

Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are infections that occur in the legs of diabetics due to the destruction of the deepest skin tissue. Recent studies have reported the presence of Alcaligenes faecalis with extensive drug resistance (XDR) properties as a cause of diabetic ulcers. Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria. The method used is the spot test method, host range, and identification of nucleic acid types. The results showed that the 6 bacteriophages isolated, namely AFaV1, AFaV2, AFaV3, AFaV4, AFaV5, and AFaV6, had cloudy plaques with a diameter of ±3 mm. AFaV1, AFaV2, and AFaV4 isolates could infect all bacteria used; they were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. The nucleic acid types of the 6 bacteriophage samples were dsDNA with band length > 1 Kb. The 6 isolates that were isolated had the ability to infect by forming a prophage that could inhibit the growth of Alcaligenes faecalis and other pathogenic bacteria in diabetic ulcers.

To investigate the relationship of renal function markers and lipid metabolism parameters in obese adolescents. The study comprised 76 children aged 11-17 years, hospitalised due to: obesity (group I - 19 children) or obesity accompanied by obesity-induced hypertension (group II - 30 children) or normosthenic children with a diagnosed tension headaches (control group - 27 children). A subgroup with metabolic syndrome (MS - 16 children) was also separated. Renal function was assessed on the basis of: serum creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate estimated using Schwartz eqation (eGFR), determination of plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C. On the basis of statistical analysis, it was checked whether renal function markers depend on lipid metabolism parameters. In the study groups mean creatinine concentrations were significantly higher and eGFR values significantly lower than in the control group, but they remained within norm. Differences in plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were not significant. Mean cystatin C concentrations were significantly higher in the group of obese children. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most important predictor was: LDL-C for urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (R2 = 0.42) and TG for eGFR (R2 = 0.44) concentrations in group I; cholesterol for creatinine concentrations in MS group (R2 = 0.44). Renal function of the obese adolescents included in the study was normal and the associations with lipid metabolism were poorly expressed.

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Gawlik A. Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023). Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.126458. APA Gawlik, A. (2023). Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023). Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.126458 Chicago Gawlik, Aneta. 2023. "Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023)". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.126458. Harvard Gawlik, A. (2023). Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023). Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.126458 MLA Gawlik, Aneta. "Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023)." Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.126458. Vancouver Gawlik A. Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023). Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.126458.

There has been aglobal increase in the average body mass index (BMI) in children and an alarming trend of increasing weight among the youngest children in recent decades. Childhood excess weight and obesity result in premature adult mortality and morbidity. Obesity is not only arisk factor for other diseases but is also acomplex, multifactorial disease in its own right, linked to agenetic predisposition influenced by an increasingly permissive environment from intrauterine life throughout childhood and adolescence into adulthood. Knowledge of the prevalence of obesity from the earliest life stages and its trajectory is essential to raise awareness of the risks at each stage and to indicate the potential age of prevention and intervention. Taking effective anti-obesity measures in children, both preventive and therapeutic, is now anecessity, with successful interventions used to decrease body weight and thus reduce health consequences. Identified risk factors in the first 1,000 days of life and even earlier, before conception, suggest that this is akey period for the development of overweight and obesity, and it appears to be the best time for preventive action. The growing phenomenon of obesity among children requires not only prevention but also integral treatment. Lifestyle change intervention programs are considered key to the treatment of childhood obesity. Obesity trajectories, the higher effectiveness of applied interventions observed in younger age groups, and the dependence of the risk of developing complications on the duration of obesity confirm the need for early diagnosis and treatment of obesity in children from an early age. The main aim should be to prevent the onset of obesity, thus reducing the future health, social, and financial consequences.

Dietary guidelines in diabetes -why are they so difficult to follow? Zalecenia żywieniowe w cukrzycy -dlaczego tak trudno ich przestrzegać?