The purpose of this research is to elucidate the primary factors influencing users' continuance intention (COIN) of mobile fitness apps, with a focus on three utilitarian variables (perceived service quality [QUAL], monetary value [MVAL], convenience [CONV]) and four hedonic variables (adventure [ADVE], social [SOCI], gratification [GRAT] and idea [IDEA]). Data have been collected from 334 active Turkish users of mobile fitness apps, and structural equation modeling was employed to test the study's hypotheses rigorously. The findings reveal that three utilitarian value constructs (COIN, MVAL, and CONV) and four hedonic value dimensions (ADVE, SOCI, GRAT, IDEA) have a positive effect on users’ COIN. This research uniquely investigates users’ COINs in mobile fitness applications within the context of an emerging economy, leveraging user value constructs. Additionally, it elucidates the enhanced explanatory power of COIN through the integration of utilitarian and hedonic variables.

This qualitative study aims to explore the practice of Pilates as a form of serious leisure through the lens of the Health Belief Model (HBM), offering an in-depth examination of individuals' experiences from physical, psychological, and social perspectives. The research employed a phenomenological design to uncover the meanings derived from participants' experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven female and three male participants, all of whom regularly practice Pilates and were selected through criterion sampling. The interviews, averaging 22 minutes in length, were analyzed using content analysis and structured around four main themes. These themes align with the core components of the HBM and demonstrate the multidimensional nature of maintaining exercise behaviors. Findings indicate that Pilates supports not only physical health but also psychological and social well-being, contributing to the transformation of exercise into a sustainable lifestyle practice. The study highlights the explanatory power of the HBM within the context of serious leisure activities. It suggests that health behaviors are shaped not only by rational evaluations but also by personal experiences and social contexts. Accordingly, the research offers both theoretical and practical insights for the development of future health interventions based on physical activity, emphasizing a holistic and contextualized perspective.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may experience delays in motor skill development or follow atypical developmental trajectories. Therefore, supporting motor skills during early childhood is considered crucial. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of adapted physical activity (APA) in enhancing the motor skills of children aged 3 to 6 years with ASD. The study included three children with ASD between the ages of 3 and 6. A single-subject research design utilizing a multiple-baseline model across participants was employed. The APA program was developed and implemented by the researchers, taking into account the children’s ages, autism symptoms, and individual abilities. Motor skills were assessed using a researcher-designed checklist during baseline, instructional, probe, maintenance, and generalization sessions. Research data were analyzed through visual analysis techniques. Findings indicated a significant difference between the baseline and post-intervention data for all three participants. Furthermore, the skills acquired during the intervention were maintained during follow-up sessions and successfully generalized in the generalization sessions. Social validity data collected from the families of the participating children further confirmed the effectiveness of the APA program. In conclusion, APA was found to be effective in improving the motor skills of children with ASD.

Various training methods and ergogenic aids have been employed to enhance athletic performance. This study aimed to understand the effect of combining six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with creatine supplementation on body composition, leg strength, and anaerobic power in physically active male adults. In this six-week study, a total of fifteen physically active men, with a mean age of 21.13 ± 1.68 years, were divided into two groups: the Wingate-based HIIT training group (HIIT) and the Wingate-based HIIT training + creatine supplementation group (C-HIIT). Both groups performed HIIT training based on the Wingate protocol, three days a week for six weeks, with the intensity increasing during the second three-week period. In addition to the training, the C-HIIT group took a total of 10 g of creatine each training day, 5 grams 30 minutes before the exercise and 5 grams immediately after exercise. The body composition, leg strength, and anaerobic power measurements of the subjects were taken three days before the study started and three days after it ended. According to the findings, although there was no significant difference in body composition values between the two groups, it was observed that leg strength (p

The aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical and muscular activation differences of countermovement jumps (CMJ) performed at different recovery durations after dynamic warm-up. Sixteen soccer players (U16; X ̅Age = 15.3 ± 0.9 years; X ̅Height = 173.3 ± 4.6 cm; X ̅BM = 62.9 ± 5.0 kg) voluntarily participated in the study. The soccer players performed two CMJ on a force platform at three different recovery durations (acute, 2nd minutes, and 4th minutes) following a 20-minute dynamic warm-up. The maximum jump height (JH) achieved under all conditions was evaluated for analysis. CMJ performance was analyzed in three phases (unweighting, braking, and maximum force). Kinematic (knee flexion angle), kinetic (JH, ground reaction forces-GRF), and electromyographic data (semitendinosus-ST) were recorded simultaneously during the jump. Differences in biomechanical and electromyographic parameters between CMJ tests performed at different recovery durations were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. According to the analysis results, JH, GRF, and ST muscle activity obtained after an optimal recovery interval of approximately 4 minutes were significantly higher than those obtained at other durations. This result indicates that the optimal recovery duration is approximately 4th minutes. Especially before high-intensity competitions, applying a recovery duration of approximately 4 minutes following warm-up may enhance performance in disciplines requiring explosive power, such as jumping and sprinting. Coaches and performance specialists should plan pre-competition preparation processes accordingly, considering the timing of the PAP effect.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrating Animal Flow into traditional basketball training on physical performance in university athletes, focusing on agility, core endurance, proprioceptive awareness, repeated sprint ability, flexibility, and vertical jump. Thirty-eight university basketball players (10 females) were randomly assigned to a control group (19 participants, five females), which followed standard basketball training, or an experimental group (19 participants, five females), which received the same training supplemented with twice-weekly Animal Flow sessions over 12 weeks. Three participants (one control and two experimental) withdrew due to personal reasons, leaving a final sample of 35 participants (18 control and 17 experimental). Performance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using validated tests, with data analyzed via two-way mixed ANOVA and independent samples t-tests to examine changes and group differences. The intervention group exhibited greater improvements in agility, core endurance, proprioceptive awareness, repeated sprint ability, and flexibility compared to the control group, as indicated by significant group-by-time interactions. However, vertical jump performance showed comparable gains across both groups, suggesting a limited impact on explosive power. Animal Flow offers a promising supplementary approach to enhance key basketball performance attributes, particularly those related to dynamic movement and endurance. These findings support its integration into conditioning programs, encouraging further research to explore its long-term effects and applicability across diverse athletic populations.

This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic swimming exercise on executive functions in preadolescent males. Forty-eight participants (swimming exercise group [SEG], n = 24; control group [CG], n = 24), aged 10.15 ± 0.71 years and proficient in swimming, took part in the study. The SEG followed a structured swimming program consisting of three 45-minute sessions per week for eight weeks. The CG did not engage in regular physical activity during the same period. Both groups showed significant improvements in working memory and inhibition after a single bout of acute swimming exercise (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Regarding chronic exercise, post-test results revealed a statistically significant advantage for the SEG (p < 0.05). In intragroup comparisons, both groups demonstrated improvements in working memory (p < 0.001), while only the SEG exhibited significant gains in inhibition (p < 0.05, p < 0.001); no such improvements were observed in the CG (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that acute aerobic swimming can enhance working memory and inhibitory control in preadolescent males. Chronic swimming training may also result in significant improvements in these executive functions, with greater gains observed in the exercise group.

The Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ) was developed to assess psychological readiness to resume sport involvement after injury. However, its applicability to Turkish-speaking athletes has not been established. Consequently, the current study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the RSSIQ for Turkish athletes. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were conducted following established guidelines. A total of 244 athletes (80 females, 164 males) aged 18–45 who had completed rehabilitation participated. Structural validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while criterion-related validity was determined by examining correlations with the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. CFA confirmed the two-factor structure of the Turkish RSSIQ with acceptable fit indices (CFI = .98, RMSEA = .082). The RSSIQ correlated significantly with the ACL-RSI, supporting criterion-related validity. Internal consistency was strong (Cronbach’s α = .95 for "Return Concerns" and .84 for "Renewed Perspective"), and test-retest reliability was satisfactory. The Turkish RSSIQ demonstrated strong psychometric properties, maintaining its original structure. The adaptation process helps to ensure its applicability in Turkish rehabilitation settings, capturing cultural nuances associated with psychological readiness. The validated Turkish RSSIQ is a reliable tool for assessing psychological readiness in injured athletes who were absent from sport for at least two months due to injury. It has potential utility in clinical and research settings to enhance rehabilitation strategies. Future studies should explore longitudinal changes and intervention strategies.

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable Sport Law Knowledge Test for preservice sport management students. The test was prepared by a panel including two professors having expertise on curriculum development, two university instructors lecturing sport law course and a Turkish language expert. Panel discussed and prepared 25 multiple-choice questions. Participants were 205 (122 male and 83 female) preservice sport management students who had successfully completed sport law course. Rasch modeling was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Sport Law Knowledge Test. Results showed that all test items demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability for both test items and person attended this study. The wright map showed that items demonstrated the cumulative norm. Overall analysis showed good evidence to support the validity and reliability of Sport Law Knowledge Test. Developed test can be used for measuring sport law knowledge level of preservice sport management students.

Foam rolling has emerged as one of the most popular recovery methods in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of foam rolling on the recovery process and various performance parameters in athletes and healthy active individuals. This research is a systematic review that analyzes randomized controlled trials published in English between January 2014 and March 2024, accessed through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO SportDiscuss with Full Text. The keywords used in the search include “foam rolling,” “foam roller,” “foam rolling massage,” and “myofascial release.” The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized to guide the research process and the preparation of the report. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were included in this review. The findings suggest that foam rolling accelerates recovery after injuries, facilitates the overall recovery process, and generally enhances performance. On the other hand, there is no definitive evidence indicating adverse effects on performance. Foam rolling may help mitigate declines in muscle performance, particularly in terms of physical attributes such as strength, power, and agility, and reduce perceived pain and effort following intense exercise. However, due to the heterogeneity of the study samples, further research focusing specifically on sports-related applications is recommended.