One primary objective of drone simulation is to evaluate diverse drone configurations and contexts aligned with specific user objectives. The initial challenge for simulator designers involves managing the heterogeneity of drone components, encompassing both software and hardware systems, as well as the drone’s behavior. To facilitate the integration of these diverse models, the Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI) for co-simulation proposes a generic data-oriented interface. However, an additional challenge lies in simplifying the configuration of co-simulation, necessitating an approach to guide the modeling of parametric features and operational conditions such as failures or environment changes. The article addresses this challenge by introducing CARES, a model-driven engineering and component-based approach for designing drone simulators, integrating the FMI for co-simulation. The proposed models incorporate concepts from component-based software engineering and FMI. The NAVIDRO architectural style is presented for designing and configuring drone co-simulation. CARES utilizes a code generator to produce structural glue code (Java or C++), facilitating the integration of FMI-based domain-specific code. The approach is evaluated through the development of a simulator for navigation functions in an autonomous underwater vehicle, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing various autonomous underwater vehicle configurations and contexts.

The New Caledonia Ophiolite is cross-cut by coarse- to medium-grained pyroxenite and hornblende gabbro/diorite dykes intruded between 55.5 and 50 Ma (U–Pb zircon and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende), whereas the finer grained dolerites of tholeiitic affinity are younger (50–47 Ma). The production of hornblende gabbros/diorites was modelled by moderate degrees (20–40%) of partial melting of the high-temperature amphibolites of the metamorphic sole. The end-member compositions (hornblendites and anorthosites) resulted from solid-state phase segregation of crystal mushes within tectonically active magmatic conduits. Cascade reactions of the slab melts with mantle wedge peridotites successively formed clinoenstatite-bearing boninite magmas, which fed gabbronorite cumulate lenses at the mantle–crust transition; in turn, the clinoenstatite-bearing boninite melts reacted with peridotites to form websterites. The youngest magmas (of tholeiitic affinity) appeared c. 6 Myr after the inception of subduction when the cooler subducting slab plunged more steeply. Incipient slab retreat allowed corner flow, triggering low-pressure hydrous melting of the uplifted asthenosphere. The early stages of forearc magmatism were closely associated with transcurrent shear zones, which recorded oblique subduction inception. The early Eocene tectonic and magmatic features of the New Caledonia Ophiolite provide evidence for a north- or NE-dipping hot (forced) subduction zone in the SW Pacific, notably distinct from the slightly younger west-dipping Izu-Bonin–Marianna cold (spontaneous) subduction system. Supplementary material: Field pictures, additional diagrams, GPS location of dated samples, whole-rock geochemical and isotope data, Ar/Ar data, U–Pb zircon data, and distribution coefficients ( K d ) of trace elements used for modelling are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6949265 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists

Abstract. Between 2018 and 2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls of French Polynesia were monitored with autonomous oceanographic instruments to measure the hydrodynamics of atoll lagoons and the ocean–lagoon water exchanges. These surveys were conducted within the framework of the ANR-funded MANA (Management of Atolls) project and its extensions to additional sites. The overarching goal was to improve knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the oyster species used to produce black pearls. These data sets are also critical for the calibration and validation of 3D high spatial resolution hydrodynamic models used to study oyster larval dispersal within lagoons. The observational strategies focused on the characterization of ocean–lagoon exchanges through passes and hoa (i.e., shallow reef flats), lagoon circulation, incident waves breaking on the forereef, water elevation inside the lagoon as well as spatial temperature variability. Chronologically, the investigated atolls were first Raroia Atoll with 9 months of measurements between May 2018 and March 2019 during which the MALIS1 and MALIS2 cruises on-board the R/V ALIS took place. It was followed by a 4 month deployment in Takapoto Atoll (November 2021 to March 2022). In late April 2022, Apataki Atoll was instrumented until end of July, followed by Takaroa measurements between July and October 2022. Apataki (Leg2) and Takaroa Atoll were conjointly instrumented during the MALIS 3 oceanographic cruise. Altogether, those multi-atoll data bring a worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set that is useful for addressing local pearl farming questions but potentially beneficial for other fundamental and applied investigations. Each data set was post-processed, quality controlled and converted into NetCDF format. Files are available in open source into dedicated repositories in the SEANOE marine data platform. Links (DOI) of individual data sets are provided in Table 2.

Evolutionary shifts from one habitat type to another can clarify selective forces that affect life-history attributes. Four lineages of snakes (acrochordids and three clades within the Elapidae) have invaded marine habitats, and all have larger offspring than do terrestrial snakes. Predation by fishes on small neonates offers a plausible selective mechanism for that shift, because ascending to breathe at the ocean surface exposes a marine snake to midwater predation whereas juvenile snakes in terrestrial habitats can remain hidden. Consistent with this hypothesis, snake-shaped models moving through a coral-reef habitat in New Caledonia attracted high rates of attack by predatory fishes, and small models (the size of neonatal terrestrial snakes) were attacked more frequently than were large models (the size of neonatal sea snakes). Vulnerability to predatory fishes may have imposed strong selection for increased offspring size in marine snakes.

AbstractDue to their close interaction with both wildlife and humans, free‐ranging domestic animals are well‐suited to act as conveyors of zoonotic pathogens. Yet, although cats Felis catus are major predators of bats and other groups of zoonotic concern (e.g., rodents and birds), mounting evidence suggests that their role in the emergence of zoonotic diseases may be unappreciated. Here, we use bat–cat information extracted from the popular iNaturalist platform as a case in point to illustrate the potential of community science and social media to expand our understanding of pet‐wildlife interactions. Although observations of cats preying on bats were more prevalent in Europe and North America, evidence of such interactions was documented across different geographic regions, revealing a relatively high incidence of bat predation by cats and providing evidence of cat–bat interactions previously unreported in the scientific literature. The lack of surveillance focused on cats and other pets as bridging hosts for zoonotic spillover events is concerning, considering the recognised risks they pose. Community science is a relatively untapped source of information for pet‐wildlife interactions of zoonotic relevance. It is crucial that we gain a better understanding of the interaction between free‐ranging pets and wildlife to better understand their potential contribution to past and future disease outbreaks. Failing to do so not only jeopardises human health but also puts pets at risk.

Ophiolitic mantle rocks play a crucial role in understanding deep geochemical cycling and the transfer of components associated with slab-mantle interactions. Geochemical and geochronological and geochemical analysis of zircon and TiO2 polymorphs (e.g., rutile) present within mantle rocks of the Eocene New Caledonian ophiolite reveal discrete magmatic and xenocrystic populations amongst harzburgite from Me Maoya and chromitite from Tiébaghi massifs. Most mineral grains examined have a xenocrystic origin and are concentrated particularly in the harzburgite. Source tracking involved the use of UPb dating and trace element analysis. They are inferred to have been recycled from the northern end of the Norfolk Ridge that formed the leading edge of a thin continental slab of Gondwana affinity which had previously rifted from eastern Australia together with other elements of Zealandia. The slab was drawn into an intra-oceanic subduction zone beneath the proto-Loyalty arc immediately before the emplacement of the forearc ophiolite today represented by the New Caledonian Peridotite Nappe. Geochemical and geochronological data of these xenocrystic grains support a scenario in which these minerals were recycled into the mantle wedge at moderate mantle depths (above 60–80 km depth) within the subduction channel. In contrast, Eocene UPb ages of zircon and rutile grains, mostly found within the Tiébaghi chromitite, imply their formation through magmatic processes. These minerals' distinctive geochemical characteristics (e.g., HFSE enrichment in rutile) likely indicate an association with late-stage percolation of relatively enriched fluids and melt. Overlapping ages of the Eocene zircon and rutile grains, ArAr pargasite ages, and Zircon UPb ages of cross-cutting dikes in the Tiébaghi chromitite provide evidence that it cooled at ca. 47–46 Ma. This study demonstrates that mineral geochemistry of mantle rocks, when combined with data from geochronology, mineralogy, and petrology, is critical to enhance our comprehension of forearc mantle wedge evolution. It also highlights the potential for studying recycled solid mineral phases, tracing their thermal evolution, and characterizing potential subducted source terranes.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by Leptospira bacteria present in the urine of mammals. Leptospira is able to survive in soils and can be resuspended during rain events. Here, we analyzed the pathogenic Leptospira concentration as a function of hydrological variables in a leptospirosis hot spot. A total of 226 samples were collected at the outlet of a 3 km2 watershed degraded by ungulate mammals (deer and feral pigs) and rats which are reservoirs for leptospirosis. Water samples collected at the beginning of a rain event following a dry period contained high concentrations of pathogenic Leptospira. The concentration was generally correlated with the water level and the suspended matter concentration (SMC) during the main flood event. A secondary peak of pathogenic Leptospira was sometimes detected after the main flood and in slightly turbid waters. Lastly, the pathogenic Leptospira concentration was extremely high at the end of a wet season. The pathogenic Leptospira concentrations could not be explained by a linear combination of hydrological variables (e.g. the rainfall, water level, SMC and soil moisture). However, nonlinear machine learning models of rainfall data only provided a fair fit to the observations and explained 75 % of the variance in the log10-transformed pathogenic Leptospira concentration. A comparison of identical machine learning models for the water level, SMC and pathogenic Leptospira concentration showed that the residual error in the Leptospira concentration was due to not only the small dataset but also the intrinsic characteristics of the signal. Our results support the hypothesis whereby pathogenic Leptospira survive at different depths in soils and superficial river sediments (depending on their water saturation) and are transferred to surface water during erosion. These results might help to refine leptospirosis warnings given to the local population. Future research should be focused on larger watersheds in more densely populated areas.

Collaborative consumption describes exchanges among individuals mediated by an internet platform. This study examines the conditions under which individuals are likely to make a trust decisions in a complex triadic relationship involving a seller, a digital platform and a buyer. Building on relevant research, we propose that the interchangeability of buyers (e.g., where a buyer has been a seller) has an effect on their trust decisions because it leads them to engage in other-focused perspective taking. Through a quantitative study (N = 908), this research reveals the moderating effects of interchangeability. For noninterchangeable buyers (buyers who do not have experience as sellers), trust decisions are based on reputational cues (platform and seller reputation) and credibility trusting beliefs. For interchangeable buyers, trust decisions are primarily based on credibility and benevolence trusting beliefs rather than reputational cues. The findings also indicate that for both parties, there is a hierarchy of trust or a transfer effect from trust in the platform to trust in the sharing partner. Accordingly, we contribute to the literature on trust by examining hierarchical trust in terms of consumer-to-consumer platforms, identifying the significant role of interchangeability and revealing that other-focused perspective taking is a key mechanism in trust decisions.

Seamounts are the least known ocean biome. Considered biodiversity hotspots, biomass oases, and refuges for megafauna, large gaps exist in their real diversity relative to other ecosystems like coral reefs. Using environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) and baited video (BRUVS), we compared fish assemblages across five environments of different depths: coral reefs (15 m), shallow seamounts (50 m), continental slopes (150 m), intermediate seamounts (250 m), and deep seamounts (500 m). We modeled assemblages using 12 environmental variables and found depth to be the main driver of fish diversity and biomass, although other variables like human accessibility were important. Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) revealed a strong negative effect of depth on species richness, segregating coral reefs from deep-sea environments. Surprisingly, BRT showed a hump-shaped effect of depth on fish biomass, with significantly lower biomass on coral reefs than in shallowest deep-sea environments. Biomass of large predators like sharks was three times higher on shallow seamounts (50 m) than on coral reefs. The five studied environments showed quite distinct assemblages. However, species shared between coral reefs and deeper-sea environments were dominated by highly mobile large predators. Our results suggest that seamounts are no diversity hotspots for fish. However, we show that shallower seamounts form biomass oases and refuges for threatened megafauna, suggesting that priority should be given to their protection.

Abstract Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are observed at several sites in all parts of the archipelago of New Caledonia. The species faces threats from human exploitation and activity in several regions of the world and crucial information on the ecology of the species is needed. This study is the first to investigate the population of New Caledonia and focuses on its characteristics and its habitat use. We used citizen science over four years (2015–2020) to collect 1741 photo-identifications from 11 sites. The unique ventral coloration patterns of the manta rays allowed the identification of 391 individuals. These results highlight the widespread distribution of the species in the archipelago with little connectivity between all aggregations sites, with only 5.4% of the individuals observed at more than one site. Strong and long-term site fidelity was recorded at all studied sites through re-sighting rates and residency analysis. The population also records the highest known proportion of melanistic manta rays (43%) to date, and a balanced male : female ratio (1.0 : 1.15). The analysis of injuries reported a low impact from anthropogenic stressors, with only 9.8% of injuries judged to be of anthropogenic origin. Attempted predation rates were not higher than other location in the world with 29.7% of individuals bearing bite-related injuries. Our study highlights the need for further investigations on the spatial ecology and structure of the population to assess essential habitat and address potential localised threats, and thus, inform by conservation projects.