Decision–making is pivotal in everyday life and can often be influenced by the framing effect, whereby the presentation of information influences decisions. This study investigates how reframing affects decision confidence in young adults. 46 healthy participants performed a resistance–to–reframe task, making work–related decisions by selecting the best option from four alternatives and rating their confidence before and after a negative reframing. Behavioural data and EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) were recorded. Reframing significantly affected decision confidence, especially initially, by increasing the complexity of choices. Increased reaction times after reframing reflected greater cognitive complexity due to perspective changes. EEG results showed significant activity in the delta, theta and alpha bands, with higher activation in the right frontal area (AF8). Reframing affects decision–making by increasing cognitive workload and modulating confidence, suggesting the role of executive functions and metacognition in managing uncertainty.

This study examined visual metaphor comprehension in three groups of children – typically developing (TD), those with intellectual disabilities (ID), and those with Down syndrome (DS) – matched for gender and mental age. Eighty children aged 6–10 completed the WISC-III-GR and a custom visual metaphor task comprising pictorial stimuli with familiar and novel metaphorical associations. Responses were classified as figurative, literal, or unrelated. TD children significantly outperformed the ID and DS groups (p < .001; Mean (M) = 19.33, 12.03, and 8.35, respectively). IQ was strongly correlated with figurative responses (r > .85) and negatively with literal interpretations (r ≈ –.80). Verbal and Full-Scale IQ significantly predicted metaphor comprehension (R² = .857 and .834). Findings highlight the central role of cognitive and verbal abilities in figurative language processing and support the use of structured, theory-based language interventions – grounded in inferential reasoning and cognitive-linguistic frameworks – for children with developmental delays.

While previous research indicates hippocampal atrophy in psychotic patients findings on cortical thickness remain inconclusive. This study evaluates MRI-based structural alterations in psychotic disorders by comparing first-episode psychosis (FEP), chronic psychosis and non-psychotic controls. Conducted over a period of one year (December 2022–December 2023) at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, this cross-sectional study examined 60 participants, divided into three groups: FEP (n = 20), chronic psychosis (n = 20), and non-psychotic controls (n = 20). The study identified significant hippocampal atrophy among psychotic patients. The right hippocampal volume was lower in the psychotic group and similar reductions were observed in the left hippocampal volume. The study underscores hippocampal atrophy as a key neuroanatomical feature in psychotic disorders. More sophisticated neuroimaging techniques are required to detect subtle structural alterations. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore the progression of hippocampal changes.

This study explores the application of neurometric assessments, specifically electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning, in the context of autobiographical storytelling to enhance group dynamics and trust within teams. Social research has shown that collaborative activities like storytelling can foster synchronization among participants, increasing mutual understanding and group cohesion. Engaging in autobiographical storytelling allows individuals to reduce self-centered tendencies and encourages collaboration. Recent advancements in hyperscanning techniques, researchers can now study multiple individuals simultaneously, offering new perspectives on the topic. The goal of this research is to use EEG hyperscanning to investigate neural synchronization during autobiographical storytelling sessions. This approach has the potential to address the challenges faced by modern work environments, helping to create cohesive, inclusive, and high-performing teams. Ultimately, the aim is to develop a cutting-edge research protocol that explores how personal narratives create an emotional “force field” that strengthens collective social intelligence and fosters mutually beneficial relationships within teams.

The act of asking another person to complete a task on one’s behalf involves the process of entrustment. This study investigated the relation between behavioral data – responses (ENTscore) and response time (ENTRTs) – electrophysiological (EEG) correlates and individual differences. EEG activity of 30 adults was continuously recorded during a real-life script scenario. Participants filled in 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Maximization Scale (MS). Results showed a positive correlation between beta, gamma, and delta in TP10 and theta in AF8 brain area with ENTscore. There was also a positive correlation between ENTRTs and both alpha and theta bands in AF7. Additionally, ENTscore positively correlated with BFI-Emotional Stability, while ENTRTs negatively correlated with MS-High Standards. Outcomes highlighted the role of rTPJ, beta and gamma in relation to the cognitive aspect of entrustment, whereas delta in rTPJ and theta and alpha in frontal areas could be related to the affective side of entrustment.

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, bridging the historically separate domains of immunology and mental health. This literature review examines the underlying mechanisms of neuroinflammation, including immune system involvement, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and neurotransmitter alterations. We explore the evidence linking neuroinflammatory processes to major psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorders, with a focus on biomarkers that provide insight into these connections. The review also addresses the therapeutic implications of targeting neuroinflammation, highlighting antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory treatments, as well as the influence of the gutbrain axis on mental health. By synthesizing current research, this article underscores the potential of neuroinflammation to revolutionize the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders, paving the way for innovative clinical approaches.

This research explores the decoy effect, mainly in the form of compromise effect, within realistic workplace decision-making scenarios. A sample of 51 healthy participants faced three scenarios where they initially chose between two alternatives, then reconsidered their choice when a third, higher-value option was introduced. Results indicated that the introduction of the third option significantly influenced decisions, confirming the impact of contextual factors in decision-making processes. Notably, when the threeoption scenario was presented first than the two-option set, the decoy effect seemed to be stronger. This could suggest that prior exposure to two-option choices may anchor preferences and weaken the decoy effect. Additionally, reaction times were longer in three-alternative conditions, reflecting increased cognitive workload. The findings highlight that decision-making is influenced by presentation order and cognitive biases, challenging rational choice theories. These insights may have practical implications for organizational decision-making, suggesting that structuring choices strategically can guide preferences.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that causes people to hallucinate and have unusual or distorted thoughts. Schizophrenia is primarily diagnosed based on symptoms such as hallucination, delusion, abnormal thought disorder, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior, and cognitive impairment. One of the major current discussions in schizophrenia is the poor cognitive function, which includes impairment of attention and working memory. Any abnormality in these sets of cognitive functions limits one's ability to organize daily life, including social life, career, and thought. So far, many studies have been conducted revealing the neural processing of schizophrenia patients. However, very few papers discuss the states of neurocognitive processing from the combinations of multiple modalities of neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and neuropsychological sides in one single article. This review article will discuss previous studies on cognitive function in schizophrenia patients from a neuroscience standpoint.

The aim of the study is to assesses associative memory and memory complaints in daily life in people with a First Episode of Depression (FED). This is a preliminary pilot study with observational design. Thirty participants were recruited and assessed: fifteen patients (FED) and 15 healthy (HCtrl) participants. The recruitment was from Mental Health Units between 2021 to 2022. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used to diagnose depression. The cognitive tests used were face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME), daily life memory questionnaire (MFE-30), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA). FED patients showed mean score compared to the HCtrl significantly higher on the MFE-30, but there were no significant differences in the FNAME. Furthermore, the results no significant correlations were observed between subjective (MFE-30) and objective (FNAME) memory performance. We observed a dissociation between FED patients’ perception of memory difficulties and their objectively measured memory.

In today’s digitally-driven world, technology addiction has become a significant public health issue with serious mental health implications. This review examines the neuropsychological effects of technology addiction, focusing on Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), Social Media Addiction (SMA), nomophobia, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Although IGD is recognized in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), technology addiction as a broader category remains unofficial in diagnostic systems like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Findings reveal the involvement of dopaminergic pathways in reinforcing addictive behaviors, brain changes caused by excessive technology use, and impairments in executive functioning, memory, and emotional regulation. Developmental, gender, and cultural factors influencing vulnerability to addiction are also discussed, alongside current therapeutic approaches. The review highlights critical gaps in research and underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of technology addiction to guide effective psychiatric practice and policy-making.